Enetyhefu Kwamakhowa galerina erhangqwe. features

abavuni mushroom Wawabona uzakufun aukugqithisa icala kude evelayo ekupheleni ihlobo emahlathini zethu, ngundo ebizwa ngokuba "galerina erhangqwe 'emalunga nokukhutshwa eziyityhefu.

incazelo jikelele

Galerina - kuyinto encinane ngobukhulu kunye nosapho Cortinariaceae iinkuni lomhlaba saprophytes. iimpawu Main - ikepusi bulubhelu brown ngokuqinileyo incamathele amacwecwe, kwaye print ibihlungu emdaka. Ukuzimisela kweentlobo ehlelo ngamanye amaxesha kunzima, t. To. Ezi ziimpawu ezicacileyo kangaka. Xa iyonke aphindwe galerina iintlobo amakhulu ezininzi apho. Le mithombo ezahlukeneyo idatha ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke inani ngqo kunzima ukutsho. uhlengahlengiso oluphambili oluye lwenziwa ngenxa oluqhubayo yophando yemfuza yelo zibe of zomngundo. Phakathi kwazo kukho galerina esinetyhefu kakhulu ingqalelo erhangqwe, ifoto kunye nenkcazelo leyo thaca kweli nqaku.

ukubonakala

A cap omncinci ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-4 cm Inqanaba lokukhula ngokumila etsobhileyo, kunye khaxa-ukuvuthwa uba phantsi, maxa wambi tyaba. Eli ziko idla ushiya esigingqini encinane. Slaborubchatye Iikona le chap, iyakhanya kancinane. Xa ukufuma matte eliphezulu eligudileyo umphezulu egubungele lipkovatoy yencindi yomlomo wayo. blade rhoqo mushrooms abaselula masivalwe ngumntu ezinezikhondo umboniso emhlophe.

Umbala cap kuxhomekeke nokufuma. Xa imozulu imanzi, isiphathele sayingqombela kunokuba eqaqambileyo, umbala sinombala okanye bulubhelu-mdaka. Ngokusebenzisa, ezinemiphetho phantse kwawo iipleyiti lighter komcu ebonakalayo. Kule owomileyo ixesha galerina erhangqwe iba ukuphupha yellow luthuthu.

Isiqu zezindlu yale mushroom ubukhulu ezingcakacileyo ukususela 0.1 ukuya kwi-0.5 cm unokuba ukuphakama 5-7 inxalenye cm engentla lighter zawo, abe ukutyabeka emhlophe, umzantsi -. Imnyama kwexesha kuba phantse brown. Kumlenze emi bulishica, waphakamisa kancinci ring ophela nge ubudala. Zavuleka ngekopi-mdaka ngumgubo ocolekileyo.

ezihlala

Mushroom galerina erhangqwe zasasazwa phantse kuyo yonke indawo, yeyona ixhaphakileyo eYurophu, eCaucasus and Central Asia, North America, eRashiya, yaye eOstreliya.

It uhlala becala kwiindawo ashiye izantyalantyala kunye ashinyeneyo. Ukukhulisa, ngokuqhelekileyo phezu kweenkuni wamatye zemithi coniferous okanye zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, kufutshane imiphanda, phezu ezibolayo, maxa wambi afumaneka emhlabeni wambu moss. mkhuhlane Izondlo uyadlula ukubola lomba ephilayo. Ngokuchithwa polysaccharides kubangelwe enzayim secreted luninzi kwiiklasi ezinkulu.

galerina uvela ngokuqhelekileyo erhangqwe ngoJuni, kodwa imveliso ubunzima ezi fungi oluphumayo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha, kwaye ngexesha ekwindla elide esifudumeleyo, uya kudibana nabo ngoNovemba. Sikhula becala wedwa. Fruiting ngokuqhelekileyo eyenzeka ngoSeptemba kwaye sihlala kude kube nguNovemba.

microscopy

eziphilayo kakhulu variable erhangqwe galerina. Amafoto ezithathwe ngemakroskopu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imbewu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo le mngundo. Kukho iinketho kunye perisporiem kunyango, kwaye phantse free ngokupheleleyo, kunye ziphawulwe ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kunye akasekho.

Imbewu-amangile, ukushwabana, ubungakanani 7-10h5.5-7 microns. Plevrotsistidy na othini ezimilise, emqaleni phezulu ajikelezayo yabo kancinane.

ubuthi

Galerina erhangqwe - kunene mushroom enobuhlungu, ababandakanya ubuthi efanayo, ezibandakanya indebe ukufa. ubuthi yayo iye lwaziwa kweminyaka eli-100, ukususela 1912 ukuya phambili, xa kuxoxwa ityala lalo elibanga ingxelo eUnited States. Ke iingxelo kwetyhefu wabonakala galerina esibulalayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kuphela kwisithuba ukususela ngowe-1978 ukuya kowe-1995, amatyala 11 yityhefu eqatha kwabhalwa, abahlanu leyo ikhokelele ekufeni. Eziseleyo izigulane ezintandathu Michigan, Kansas Ohio abagqibe ngempumelelo ikhosi unyango.

Iimpawu ubuthi ayikho ngokukhawuleza, nemini emva ukusetyenziswa nomngundo ekutyeni. Iimpawu zokuqala ukugabha, urhudo, ukuchama ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nomkhuhlane. Emva kweentsuku ezi-3, ezi mpawu kubuna, kukho ixesha kubonakale inkqubela. Kodwa kungekudala ukubonisa iimpawu senyongo, kunye nabantu kufa ngenxa umsebenzi kwesibindi kakuhle. Amaxesha amaninzi ngokuphosakeleyo enye ngundo engena galerina ukutya erhangqwe. Indlela yokwahlukanisa ngayo, sikuphephe ukuba zizilu- ixhoba elandelayo, unako ukufunda eli nqaku.

Ubuthi ezibangelwa bubukho ngundo kuyo ityhefu alpha- beta-Amantino. Oku peptides bicyclic, inetyhefu kakhulu, kodwa ukukhululwa kade. Umxholo amatoksinov entsha yi 78-270 mg ngamnye 1 g komzimba iziqhamo, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo okona libunile uyakhula kummandla Europe. Loo enamandla ekwaziyo ngokubulala umntwana onobunzima 20 kg elinesibini Isetyenziswa fungi midsize.

Galerina erhangqwe - ukwahlula njani ubusi agaric

Ukufana galerina omkhulu enetyhefu uye aluQikelelo zasehlotyeni. Ngayo kaninzi babhidanisa nabavuni zakhe mushroom abo basandula kuqalisa. Ukunqanda uphazamiseko, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu ukubonakala nganye kwezi umngundo, kunye nokusebenzisa ukuqapha kakhulu kuvimba wabo. Kufuneka nanini khangela ikhowa emahlathini coniferous - ke musa ukukhula khona; kodwa galerina indawo yokuhlala oyithandayo. Lidla ukhula zibangele okanye ezisebenzisanayo ezincinane. Amakhowa ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe kumaqela amakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, baye a libizwe phezu enemisesane umlenze apho angekhoyo loo mushroom enetyhefu.

Kwimeko ukuthandabuza malunga fungi ezifumaneka kubhetele ukuba abasalise ehlathini yaye musa bazibeke emngciphekweni engcwabeni.