Yintoni na umhlaba; isakhiwo yangaphakathi nangaphandle

Yintoni kuba ngaphakathi iplanethi yethu ekhaya nawe? Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukho kweli lizwe, yintoni isakhiwo yayo yangaphakathi? Le mibuzo kufuneka izazinzulu elide nexhala. Kodwa kwafumaniseka ukuba ukucacisa lo mba ayikho simple kangaka. Nokuba ngoncedo ngobuchwephesha bokuyila izinto umntu angaya nzulu ngaphakathi kuphela umgama olingana neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu, yaye oku, Kakade ke, akwanelanga ukuba siqonde zonke ukubonisa. Ngoko ke, nkqu kule mihla kuphando "oko bomhlaba" ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa idata ngqo kunye nokucingela, yeengcinga. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, izazinzulu sele iphumelele iziphumo ezibalulekileyo.

Indlela ukufunda umhlaba

Nkqu ngamaxesha amalungu amandulo ngabanye abantu bafune ulwazi: yintoni na ehlabathini. Abantu baye bafunda kunye namacandelo zeengxondorha zakohlwaywa ngemvelo kwaye ziyafumaneka ukuze abonwe. Oku, kuqala, amawa, ezintabeni, lwehla eweni, kweelwandle nemilambo. Kuba ezi zilayi zendalo izinto ezininzi sinako ukuqonda, kuba iqanjwa yamawa ezibe apha kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Namhlanje, izazinzulu kwezinye iindawo kumhlaba imithombo kugrunjwa. Kwezi, ezona mfundiso - 15 km on the Kola Peninsula. Kwakhona, isifundo usebenzisa imigodi adlabhuke ukuba kwemigodi: amalahle esikrwada, umzekelo. Kwakhona igcinwayo lwemizekelo yamatye onokukuxela abantu yintoni emhlabeni.

ubungqina

Kodwa - lokho ezixhalabisayo kunye nolwazi zokubonwayo isakhiwo planethi. Kodwa ngoncedo nenzululwazi ngezakhi (isifundo kweenyikima) kunye Geophysics abaphandi ukuba angene ezinzulwini non-umfowunelwa, kuhlalutywa amaza wenyikima kwazo. Ezi data zisixelela malunga neempawu kwezinto aphantsi komhlaba. uphando oluqhutyiweyo yesakhiwo ngenxa yomhlaba kanye ngoncedo-Hewana ngumntu, ukuhlala orbit.

Yintoni Earth planethi

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi ye-langa non-uniform. Namhlanje, izazinzulu nabaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ngaphakathi jikelele ubunjwe ungamalungu amaninzi. Embindini i kernel. Okulandelayo - yokwaleka, leyo inkulu kakhulu kwaye malunga ne-kwesithathu ezintlanu yonke ubunzima Yomhlaba. Amaxolo engaphandle imelwe kunye maleko ubhityileyo egubungele kwinqanaba. La macandelo amathathu, ke, kwakhona akukho yohlobo olunye kakhulu kwaye iimpawu zezakhiwo.

core

Oko ke ongundoqo lomhlaba? Izazinzulu ziye abeke phambili iinguqulelo ezininzi ubume kunye nemvelaphi umbindi kulo mhlaba. Eyona ethandwayo: i olungundoqo kunyibilika nickel-yentsimbi. Isiqalo yahlulwe ezininzi: kwangaphakathi - eqinileyo lwangaphandle - ulwelo. Kuyinto kakhulu kunene; ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu sobunzima umhlaba (ukulinganisa, umthamo we-15%). Ngokutsho izazinzulu, lamiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko intsimbi kunye nickel kukhululwa silicates. Ngokwangoku (ngo-2015), izazinzulu ukusuka Oxford wanikela uguqulelo ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa engundoqo yenziwa uranium eqhumayo. Oku, ngasendleleni, baza bachaza ubushushu ukukhutshwa eliphezulu planethi, kwaye ubukho mhlaba otsalayo unanamhla. Enoba kunjalo, ulwazi yayo ingundoqo boMhlaba, lunokufumaneka ngombandela kuphela, njengoko AMAGQABAZA ▸ bezenzululwazi ayifumaneki.

isiphuku

Oko ke yokwaleka ye Umhlaba? Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba, kwimeko ngumongo, izazinzulu ziye engakabi nayo ithuba soze sifikelele khona. Ngoko ke, isifundo nako kusendleleni ngoncedo yemibono yeengcinga. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Noko ke, abaphandi Japanese ukuba kugrunjwa emgangathweni wolwandle, apho ingubo ukuba sihlale 'into nje "3000 km. Kodwa iziphumo okwangoku ngokunjalo. Kwaye wenze le yokwaleka, ngokutsho izazinzulu, silicates - ematyeni, izityebi nangentsimbi wemagniziyam. Bona zikwimeko ulwelo etyhidiweyo (lobushushu kufika kumgomo we-2500). Ukanti inxalenye yokwaleka, Isimanga, kubandakanya namanzi. Kukho ezininzi kuwo (ukuba liphoseni onke amanzi phezu komhlaba yangaphakathi ngaphandle, kwinqanaba elwandle uya kuvuka sasiziimitha 800).

kuqweqwe

Kuthatha ngaphezulu nje kancinane ekhulwini umhlaba ngokomthamo, yaye ngaphantsi kancinci - ngokobunzima. Kodwa ke, nangona ubunzima ukukhanya kwayo, lo uqweqwe umhlaba vanhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba phezu kwalo aphile zonke eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Iindawo Umhlaba

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubudala iplanethi yethu malunga 4.5 billion kwiminyaka (izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ngoncedo lwe data radiometric). Xa ukufunda Umhlaba watyhila inwebu eziliqela azalwa ebizwa geospheres. Kwakhona kwahluka kumafa yemizimba yethu kunye neempawu zomzimba. Kwehayidrosfere kuquka kufumaneka zonke phezu kwamanzi emhlabeni kumazwe alo ezahlukeneyo (ulwelo, okuqinileyo, sukube). Lithosfere - shell ilitye, ambathe ujikeleze umhlaba (50 ku-200 km). Biosphere - bonke ubomi emhlabeni, kuquka iintsholongwane kunye nezityalo, kunye nabantu. Emoyeni (ukusuka Greek "Atmos", okuthetha izibini) - emoyeni umhlaba iqokobhe, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba nzima ubukho yobomi.

Oko ke koMhlaba

Inxalenye engaphakathi yalo ebalulekileyo ebomini iqokobhe ezikufutshane uqweqwe emhlabeni yaye into sukube. A bezinye - erhangqwe isithuba kufutshane-Earth isithuba. Oku kugqiba imozulu emhlabeni, nokubunjwa kwayo nalo fani. Oko ke koMhlaba? izazinzulu Modern unako ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo amacandelo yayo. Nitrogen ngokoMthetho ipesenti - ngaphezu kwe-75%. Umoya - 23%. Argon - ngaphezulu kancinane kwe-1 ekhulwini. kancinci kakhulu: carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, hydrogen, xenon, kunye nezinye izinto ezithile. Umxholo yamanzi ekwakhiweni yeegesi isusela ukusuka 0.2% ukuya 2.5% kuxhomekeke ummandla lwemozulu. Umxholo carbon dioxide nalo kungekho. Ezinye iimpawu koMhlaba zanamhlanje zixhomekeke ngqo kumsebenzi mveliso.