Ezibonakalayo Historical njenge uhlobo ukuqonda izinto eziphathekayo zeli hlabathi

Ethetha phandle ezingundoqo iindlela yokuba, neengcamango wayesoloko ecinga ngento eyenzekayo xa ontology of corporeal kwaye ngokwenene, kusini na enye ingcambu isizathu, nokuba isiseko yonke ukho ngokwalo. Imfundiso ingunaphakade umhlaba usinika esinye India yamandulo kunye neTshayina. Ngoko sinokuthi naluphi na uhlobo eziphathekayo yezembali kuphuhliso bulumko. Le yokuqala kubo, Antique, ukuchonga mba into ethile okanye uphawu, apho kukho imizimba nezinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuba bayafa, jikani (amanzi, "Apeiron", umoya, umlilo, athom and void ...). Oko kukuthi, njengoko kuqatshelwe ngokuchanekileyo Aristotle, zobulumko, le meko babekholelwa ukuba kakuhle eli umgaqo yokuqala ayitshintshi, nto nje kubonakala kuthi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Nangona iimbono ezinjalo amanani ithandwayo Renaissance, loo nto ixela ukuba le nkulungwane XVII kwaba ekhaya kodwa olunye uhlobo ezibonakalayo - ngomatshini. Descartes imisela mba njengoko uhlobo ubukho ozimeleyo, kwaye ubude bayo amagama ngemfanelo. Newton wongeza iimpawu kweziyobisi nokuba impenetrability, inertia kunye ubunzima (ezimbini zokugqibela luhlanganisa ingqiqo weight). Ukukhanya iinkcuba ezichazwe mba njengoko yonke into iimvakalelo eqondakalayo bashile, yaye yonke into ikhona ngaphandle lokuqonda koluntu. Noko ke, ulwalamano phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ngezimanga ngelo xesha wabonwa ngokwendlela nembono lwezenzululwazi ngoko okuvelelayo ihlabathi onombono ngomatshini, njenge imilindo enkulu inzima, apho yevili ngalinye okanye esinamazinyo idlala indima.

Enye azame ukucacisa imbali yoluntu kunye nobudlelwane kwezentlalo esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo ezibonakalayo Marxism. A indima enkulu kule nto edlalwa imfundiso Feuerbach kumbandela iinxa zonke, rationalism-bulumko yamandulo German. UKarl Marx kunye Friedrich Engels, wabaseki le intshukumo kwimbali nezimvo babeka phambili kulo mkhuba yokuqala ulwalamano phakathi komntu kunye nehlabathi. Bathi umbuzo esisiseko bulumko njengoko unjalo ingxaki igunya, kwaye iyahambelana nokubaluleka mba njengoko umgaqo obalulekileyo ebomini, kuquka loluntu. Ngaloo ndlela azalwe ngayo izinto eziphathekayo dialectical nezembali.

Phakathi-sikhokelo ukukhulelwa abangabaxhasi bakaMarx kwabayili yayo basebenzisa imigaqo ngengqiqo Hegel kaThixo nje kuphela uhlalutyo endalo, kodwa ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezinye iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nezimo. Ngoko ke, beza kwisethi entsha imiba enxulumene nobomi yoluntu. Ukuba bulumko elidlulileyo ingqalelo njenge eziqhuba ngezimvo zophuhliso loluntu kunye neengcamango, izinto eziphathekayo yembali igxininisa ubomi noqoqosho, kwaye, ngaphezu koko, isigaba umsebenzi, ukunika imveliso iimveliso. Ubudlelwane kule ndawo, ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa yale theory, ukumisela zonke ezinye iintlobo unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela abantu kwaye isiseko kwezoqoqosho kubomi bentlalo. Kwaye oku ubukho kweefom amazinga (ukutsho oko, i-yokuziphatha elibalaseleyo, nomthetho, iimbono, njalo njalo).

Marx kunye Engels unako ukuvula izinto ezithile repeatability kwinkqubo yophuhliso kunye zaphawula ezahlukeneyo. Kule baphetha hlobo ukuba nje kuphela, kodwa uluntu belisiya phambili ngokunxulumene nemithetho ethile. ezibonakalayo Historical na echaza kuphela le mithetho, kodwa ukukhululwa manqanaba ngamnye ekuhambeni izenzo zabo. Izazinzulu ziye ngokuba ezi zigaba kwingxelo zentlalo noqoqosho, ukubonakala abadlala indima nje kuphela, hayi abantu kakhulu njengoko izihlwele ezikhulu yabantu. Kwakhona ebekwe umbono yabo ngezizathu zokuba apho kunye nokusebenza karhulumente, amaqela asekuhlaleni (iintlobo) njengoko ekulweni kwaye basebenzisane kunye namanye, wabonisa nasekusungulweni usapho, njalo-njalo.

ezibonakalayo Historical ngendlela yaso kuphakamisa ingxaki yomntu. ifilosofi ngokweMarxist kuzisa bubuntu yabantu iimpawu zentlalo wokuhlangana nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Ngoko ke, indima ekhethekileyo edlalwa yi ukuqonda theoretical component lo mhlola zentlalo, njengoko lokuphelisa. Kule kota wabaseki Marxism ochaze into entsonkothileyo kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo yoluntu inkqubo yaso, njengoko iziphumo eziguqulelwe ibe uhlobo amandla lwangaphandle. Uqala kulawula phezu kwabantu, ukuba uxinzelelo phezu kwabo, endaweni kuzo zonke ezinye iimvakalelo nezimvo. Isizathu soku ke msebenzi, yaye emazantsi yokugqibela yi na ipropati yabucala so indlela apho imveliso kwenzeka. Ngoko ke, yacebisa kwabonakala kubo kuphela indlela yokuphuma kule meko - kutshintshwe uhlobo lobunini ezi mali - ukusuka zabucala ukuya eluntwini.