Grotesque: imizekelo kwincwadi. Uphi na ogqithisayo osetyenziswayo?

Igama elithi "elihle" livela kwigama lesiFrentshi elithetha "uhlaziyi", "uhlekisayo", "uyingqabileyo", "inqabileyo". Le ndlela yindlela endala kunayo yoncwadi, efana ne-hyperbole, isekelwe ekugqibeleni, ekuqiniseni iimpawu zabantu, kwakunye neepropati zezinto zendalo, izinto, inyaniso yobomi bentlalo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni ukunyaniseka kubomntu okhethekileyo: kuyinto emangalisayo, apho ukubonakaliswa kubonakaliswe ngokukodwa ngaphaya kwelo kuthiwa lifana nobomi, kodwa liyakwamkeleka, inokwenzeka. Isimo esibalulekileyo apho kuvela khona (imizekelo esiza kubonisa yona) yinto enokubakho kumnandi okukhoyo.

Ukuvela kwekota

Eli gama ngokwalo libonakala kwikhulu le-15 ukukhetha uhlobo lwezithombe zobugcisa, ezingavamile kakhulu. Kwesinye seengqungquthela zaseRoma sasendulo ngexesha lokuphanda umdlalo othakazelisayo nolusisiseko lwalufunyenwe, apho abantu abahlukeneyo bezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, izilwanyana kunye nemifuno.

Uphi na ogqithisayo osetyenziswayo?

Kanye kunye ne-hyperbole, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinganekwane, iintsomi kunye neenganekwane. Imizekelo yakhe kulezi zinhlobo zininzi kakhulu. Enye yeqaqambileyo kwingxelo ngumfanekiso kaKoshchei ongapheliyo.

Ababhali, xa bakha abalinganiswa ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziyingozi, basebenzise njengengqungquthela yokukhwabanisa. Kule meko, inokuthi ichaneke ngokuchanekileyo (umzekelo, kwi-Khlestakov inkcazo yobomi baseSt. Petersburg, leyo yiphumo lalo liqhawe lomkhosi). Kwimisebenzi yeLermontov, le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukubonakaliswa ngothando ngemicimbi kunye namaqhawe. Kwimiba yalo engundoqo, nangona kunokwenzeka, kodwa ekhethekileyo. Iimfono ziyimida phakathi kweyinyani kunye neyokumnandi, kodwa ayichitha.

Isiseko sezinto ezimbi

Akunakwenzeka, akunakucingeka, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba umbhali aphumeze umphumo othile wobugcisa ngumgaqo wezinto ezimbi. Ngaloo ndlela yinto engummangaliso kakhulu, kuba ukunyaniseka okuqhelekileyo kuya kufutshane neyinyaniso, ngelixa ixakeka kukuba iimbulunga, apho iingcamango ezicingelayo ezingenakuvelisa iinkcazo ezinokuba yingqiqo, zingaba "inyaniso" ebantwini. Ukuvela kwemifanekiso yezinto eziqhenqileyo kunye neendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithintekayo ngengqondo yabantu. Kuyo, ukungenazi nto kunye nolwazi olunxibelelwano. Imifanekiso exopheleleyo, esichukumisa kakhulu kwimisebenzi eyenziwa ngabalobi baseRussia, abavami ukuphakama ngokuchanekileyo kumaphupha abalinganiswa. I-Grotesque isetyenziswa rhoqo apha. Imizekelo evela kwincwadi inganikwa oku kulandelayo: lawa maphupha kaTatyana Larina noRaskolnikov.

Izinto ezintle zamaphupha uLarina noRaskolnikov

Iphupha likaTatiana Larina (umsebenzi "u-Eugene Onegin", isahluko sesihlanu) uzaliswe imifanekiso yezilwanyana ezinobunzima. Ngethusa, lo heroine ubona kwindlu engathandekiyo umdaniso omnandi, ngomfanekiso owenzelayo. Imizekelo: "I-gawuni entanyeni ye-goose," "umdlavuza kwisicabangca", "umdanso wokudansa".

Ephupheni likaRaskolnikov, elona lihle kakhulu, umfanekiso womfazi omdala ohlekayo wadalwa, onokuthi kubangelwa ukuba yizinto eziqhenqileyo. Ingqungquthela engokwengqondo yinyaniso yimibono yokulahleka kweqhawe: ukulwa kwakhe nobubi, obunjengomfanekiso "wendoda endala engumfazi", ekugqibeleni yayingumzabalazo ongenangqondo, njengokuba uDon Quixote ayenze kunye nezixhobo zomoya . Ububi buhle buhleka u-Raskolnikov. Ngaphezulu xa efuna ukumbulala ngokugqithiseleyo, ngakumbi xa ekhula kuye.

Ukuqhagamshelana nemifanekiso engokoqobo, iimeko, iziganeko

Idalwe ngababhali abahlukahlukeneyo ngesiseko sezinto ezibuhlungu, imifanekiso yobugcisa ibonakala ngathi ayikho into engavakaliyo, ingenakwenzeka kwisimo sengqiqo. Ukucacisa ngokwemvakalelo, ukubethelela umphumo wabo kudla ngokuqiniswa kukuba loo mifanekiso ifana neemeko eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezibonakalayo kumaphupha kaLarina noRaskolnikov

Izinto ezibonakalayo kuzo zombini le mi sebenzi zibuhlungu, kwaye azikho kuphela kubo: imizekelo evela kwincwadi, emele ngumsebenzi wabanye ababhali, kwakhona ibonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezimbini ezikuyo (kumnandi kunye neyinyaniso). Ngokomzekelo, ngephupha elimnandi, uTatiana, abalinganiswa, kunye neendlovane ezimbi, ziyabonakala kalula uLensky no-Onegin.

Kwiphupha leqhawe likaRaskolnikov, isishukumiso somfanekiso ocekisayo kunye neemeko ezivela kwinqanaba apho umfazi omdala ohlekayo ubonakaliswa ngokwenene. Yinto nje yokukhumbula iphupha lomntu oyintloko ngokubulala kwakhe. Akukho nto emangalisayo kwi-ax kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwakhe.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezivuthayo ngabalobi bezonyango

Ukuhlanganiswa kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zentlalo kunye neentsuku zonke ngeempawu eziqhekezayo ngababhali abahlukahlukeneyo basetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, imifanekiso yabalawuli beedolophini kwisixeko saseGlupov, enye yayo inelungu lombutho endaweni yebhinqa, enye inenhloko eboshiweyo emagxeni abo, yadalwa kwiMbali yeSixeko ngo-ME Saltykov-Shchedrin.

Leli bali lizaliswe ngamanye amahle, amaninzi (iimfazwe malunga nalabo abenqaba ukusebenzisa isardadi, "iimfazwe zokukhanyisa," njl.). Bonke baziswa ngokungabonakali ngumbhali, kodwa bachaza iRashiya iimpikiswano eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuphikisana phakathi kwabantu kunye namagunya okuzilungisa.

Sathetha ngokufutshane malunga nento eyingozi. Imizekelo evela kwimvelaphi ingacaciswa kunye nabanye. Zininzi kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, into evelele kakhulu iyingozi. Umzekelo kwiilwimi zesiRashiya unokuxhaswa ngemisebenzi yabalobi belizwe langaphandle, kuba umsebenzi wabo lo mbono usebenzise kakhulu.