I-Canberra yinkunzi ye-Australia. Canberra: ezikhangayo

Ngombuzo weliphi ilizwe laseCanberra, ngaphandle kokungabaza, umntu unokuphendula kuphela into enye: akusiyo ilizwe, kodwa isixeko. Kwaye phantse nawuphi na umfundi ophakamileyo ophezulu esikolweni uza kukuxelela ngale nto, ewe, ukuba wayephulaphule ngokucophelela izinto ezifundiswa ngumfundisi we-geography. Ngaloo nto, abahlali bonke bayazi ukuba esi sixeko siyinhloko ye-Australia, kwaye kungekhona iSydney okanye iMelbourne, abaninzi bakholelwa. Indalo yendalo emangalisa ngokwenkulungwane ye-20, apho kungenakufumana izakhiwo zamandulo okanye izitalato ezincinci. Isixeko sinomoya okhethekileyo. Kwakucatshulwa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye kucwangciswe ukuba kuthotywe, kwaye ngokubanzi ilizwe lilo lizwe.

Imbali yesiseko

Kwangexesha elide umbuzo wase- Australia ukhulu kakhulu. Inyaniso kukuba ilungelo lokuqwalaselwa liziko lolawulo lombuso lithathwa ngamadolophu amakhulu amakhulu kunye nezibalulekileyo, njengeMelbourne neSydney. Ukuze bangaphulaphula umdla wabo, ngowe-1909 urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni akhiwe umnqweno welizwe kwintsimi engathathi hlangothi. Indawo apho i-Canberra ifumaneka khona kwimaphu iboniswe yiPalamente yase-Australia. Kwintlanganiso efanayo, ukhuphiswano lwabhengezwa kwiprojekthi entsha yesixeko. Abameli bamazwe ahlukeneyo bathatha inxaxheba kulo. Ophumeleleyo wayengumqambi wase Chicago, uWalter Burley Griffin. Ngenxa yoko, iprojekthi yakhe ngo-1913 yabeka isikhulu esitsha sokulawula sase-Australia, kwaye ixesha lokumiswa kwalo lithatha malunga nesiqingatha sekhulu leminyaka.

Izinto zokwakha

Indawo, apho idolophu yaseCanberra ifumaneka khona, iyintlambo ehlanganiswe neentlobo zezityalo ezingaqhelekanga kwaye zijikelezwe iinduli. Itholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-650 (kumpuma-mpuma) eSydney kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-370 ukuya ngasentshona-ntshona. Ngenguqu yangempela ukusuka kulwimi lwase-aboriginal, igama le-capital yase-Australia lithetha "indawo yokuhlangana". Ngokwecebo elicetywayo lokwakha, isixeko sichazwe ngokucacileyo kwizithili, ngasinye sineenjongo ezithile-izakhiwo zolawulo, izakhiwo zorhwebo kunye neeofisi, amaziko emfundo kunye nenkcubeko njalonjalo. Ukubekwa kwezindlu kunzulu kwaye kuchanekile. Ubume beburhulumenteni be- Australian Union Canberra ngo-1927. Emva koko iphalamende kunye neendawo zikaRhulumente zihlala apha.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi

I-Canberra, edibeneyo yee-degrees ezingama-35 ezantsi ne-149 degrees empuma, ikhona kwindawo ephambili yelizwe lase-Australia, kumgama omde ukusuka kummandla wonxweme, kwindawo ephakamileyo yamamitha angama-600 ngaphezulu kwinqanaba lolwandle. Ummandla wentsimi yayo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-800 zeekhilomitha. Inani labantu lidlula amanqaku abantu abangama-380 amawaka. Kwintliziyo ye-capital yase-Australia yiLake Burley-Griffin, eyenziwa ngenxa yamanzi iyahlukana noMlambo iMolonglo. Indawo ehlala kuyo i-Canberra, ihlawulwa ngamahlathi e-ecalyptus, i-savannas, iindawo eziluhlaza kunye nemilambo. Ukongezelela, ummandla ubonakaliswe ngumgangatho ophezulu wokusingqongileyo, umoya waseCanberra usoloko uhlambulukile kwaye ucocekile. Ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwamashishini amashishini akuvunyelwe apha. Iingcamango zabantu zichaphazela ukuhlukahluka kweentlobo zeentaka ezikhethile ezi ndawo. Ngokubhekiselele kwilizwe lezilwanyana, kwiindawo ezisemadolophini unokudibana ne-dingo yasendle , i- kangaroos, i-marsupials, kunye nezinye izilwane. Ukongezelela, kukho iinyoka ezinobuthi, inani leentlobo ezifikelela kwimashumi emininzi.

Ukubunjwa kohlanga lwabantu, inkolo nolwimi

Indawo apho i-Canberra ikhona khona, kwaye iindawo ezikufutshane kuyo ininzi inabantu abavela kumazwe aseYurophu (ikakhulukazi isi-Irish nesiNgesi). Ukongeza kubo, isixeko sinabantu abaninzi abavela kumazwe ase-Asia, amaTaliyane, amaArmenian, amaRussia, ama-Ukrainiya namaGrike. IsiNgesi lolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni. Ukongeza, abaninzi abahlali base-Australia bathetha isiRashiya, isiGrike nesiTaliyane. Ngokuphathelele inkolo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 yabemi ngamaKristu (amaProtestanti namaKatolika). Kwezinye iinkonzo akukho nto, kodwa isasazwa ngamaOthodoxi, amaSulumane, amaBuddha kunye nobuYuda.

Imozulu

Isizathu sokumisela ekubunjweni kwimozulu yeso sixeko saseCanberra yizicwangciso ze-capital yase-Australia. Ngenxa yobude ukusuka kummandla wonxweme, imimoya engapheliyo ekhoyo apha, ngokuthelekiswa nokuhlala kwamanxweme. Ukufana okufanayo kuyona nto ibangelwa ngamaxesha asemthethweni. Kunyaka wonke esixekweni asiwa ngaphezu kwama-620 iimitha zemvula. Ixesha elibi kakhulu liqala ngoJuni kwaye liphela ngo-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushisa kwentsuku yemini kuluhlu lwe-15 ukuya kwi-18 degrees Celsius, kwaye ebusuku kukho amaqabunga. Iqhwa ayinqabile kakhulu kule meko. Ukuba iphosa, ihlala ixesha elide. Ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuJanuwari, kukho ubushushu obuninzi, kwaye i-thermometer ifinyelela kuma-degrees angaphezu kwama-32. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isimo sezulu esixekweni sinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukushisa ubusuku nemini kubonakaliswa ukuguqulwa okunamandla. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela lixesha ukusuka ngoDisemba ukuya kuFebruwari.

Iinkonzo zothutho

I-Canberra yintloko, eyaziwa ngeendlela eziphezulu. Oku kuqukunjelwa kakhulu ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokuphucula, oqhutyelwa rhoqo ngamagunya asekuhlaleni. Nangona iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokuthutha apha imoto, isi sixeko sinendawo yokuthutha iedolophu. Ukukhawuleza kunye nokukhululeka kakhulu yiibhasi ezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha kwaye zivumele ukuba ufikelele kwiphina inkunzi ngaphandle kweengxaki. Iindleko zendlela enye-ndlela ziyi-$ 2.5, ngelixa itekiti yosuku kufuneka uyihlawule nge $ 6.6. Zithenge ngokuthe ngqo kumqhubi okanye kwii-kiosks ezikhethekileyo. Ibhasi ayiyekanga yonke indawo, ngoko ke, ukuze ungaphutheli ukuyeka kwakho, kuyimfuneko ukucofa iqhosha elihambelana ne-salon ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwakunjani, ukuhamba ngeenyawo okanye ngebhayisikili kubaluleke kakhulu kubahlali abaninzi beSixeko saseCanberra. Inkunzi enkulu yase-Australia, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inokhenketho yayo. Ngamaziko abukhulu oqoqosho aseburhulumenteni (eMelbourne naseSydney) adibaniswanga nje ngeendlela ezihamba phambili, kodwa nangendlela yendlela.

ZoLwakhiwo

Isixeko saseCanberra, apho kukho inani elikhulu lezikhumbuzo zesizwe zanamhlanje, iifriji, iimyuziyamu zembali kunye nezinye iinkcubeko zenkcubeko, zidla izakhiwo ezicwangciswe kakuhle. Zonke izinto ezikhankanywe ngasentla zifumaneka ngokubanzi malunga namachibi amakhulu. Kukho izakhiwo ezimbalwa eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo apha. Zonke zigxininiswe kumlambo wamanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, inkunzi-mkhulu yase-Australia idibanisa ngokugqithiseleyo impawu yedolophu yesimanje kunye nedolophu yesiphondo eneendawo ezininzi ezintle kunye nezinto ezintle zemvelo. I-Canberra - inkulu, ehluke kakhulu kwezinye, ezakhiwe yi-West Europe uhlobo, izixeko ezinkulu zase-Australia. Inyani kukuba yicetywayo njengesikhungo sikarhulumente ekuphuhliseni isayensi kunye nenkcubeko, kunye nokuhlala koorhulumente.

Ukudibanisa

Into ebangel 'umdla yendawo yintsibaniso yamabhentshi. Badibana kuzo zonke ikhonkco. Ngexesha elifanayo, unako ukubiza kuwo ukuya kumazwe angaphandle. Iindleko zangaphakathi kweefowuni yi $ 0.4, kwaye iifowuni kwezinye iirhafu zihlawulwa ngokuxhomekeka ngexesha kunye nababhalisi. Unokuthenga ikhadi lefowuni phantse nayiphi na i-kiosk okanye igcine e-Canberra. Izwe lilonke liphuhliswe ngokubhekiselele kunxibelelwano: i-intanethi, kuquka i-3G, isetyenziswa kakhulu apha. Ungathenga i-SIM khadi yomsebenzisi wasekuhlaleni ngokuzulazula kuyo nayiphi na indawo yefowuni yeselula.

Iindawo ezinomdla

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ngo-1913 idolophu yaseCanberra yafakwa. Iimpawu kunye nezikhumbuzo zembali ezimalunga nale ndawo azikho rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, inkulu-mhlaba yase-Australia ineendawo ezininzi ezithakazelisayo. Ukuphakama phakathi kwabahlali beendawo kunye nabakhenkethi banandipha iBhanki yaseBotanical, ephethe indawo yeehektha ezingama-50. Kukho iintlobo ezi-6 zamawaka ezityalo kuwo. I-Lake Berlie-Griffin yenzeke igama elihlukile, elisezantsi entliziyweni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ibizwa ngokuba ngumakhi wezakhiwo oye waceba uCanberra. Phakathi kwendiza enamandla yayo ihlaba umthombo obizwa ngokuthi nguCaptain Cook. Kufanelekile ukutyelela kunye ne-Metropolitan Hill-indawo encinci enezakhiwo zikaRhulumente. Indawo efanelekileyo yokuhamba, ngokubhekiselele kubemi belikhulu, ipaki "iCokington Green", umfanekiso owenziwe ngezindlu ezincinci kunye nezitiya ezizaliswe izityalo ezahlukeneyo.

Tyelelo

Esixekweni saseCanberra, iindwendwe zimelelwe kakhulu ngezinto ezidalwe kwindlela yesimanje. Oku akumangalisi, kuba inkunzi yaseAustralia ibonakale kwimephu yombuso kuphela ngekhulu lokugqibela. Isikhumbuzo sendawo esakhiwa yintlanzi yendawo yendawo yokwakha yaseburhulumenteni, eyakhiwa ngowe-1927 kwaye ikhona entliziyweni yesixeko. Iqukethe iiplanga ezimbini kwaye yakhiwa ngamatye amhlophe. Isakhiwo sijikelezwe yi-National Rose Garden kwaye sichasene nxamnye nezinye izakhiwo kunye neentsika zayo ezinkulu.

I-Australian War Memorial yiyona ndawo inqabileyo kakhulu yaseCanberra. Kuyinkimbinkimbi yonke, equka iholo lememori, i-museum yembali kunye neziko lophando. Isikhumbuzo sakhiwa ukuqhubela phambili imemori yamajoni ase-Australia afa ngexesha leemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi. Kwiindonga zayo umntu unokubona ukutyunjwa kweendawo apho abemi belizwe bafa khona - iKrete, iMesopotamia, uLwandle lwaseCoral nabanye. Amagama abo bonke abafileyo asemacaleni ebhedu ngaphakathi. Kwiiholo kukho i-dioramas yeemfazwe, iisampuli zamathangi, ii-airplanes, izixhobo, kunye nemifanekiso yezobugcisa zendawo ezinikezelwe kwisihloko esifanayo. Okukude kwinkxalabo yiJardin of Sculptures. Ekufuphi kukho ikholomu enokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-66, apho isibalo sokhozi sinyuka. Isakhiwo senziwe ngokubonga kwi-USA ngoncedo olwenziwe ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.

I-Canberra yinkunzi nje ngezopolitiko kuphela, kodwa nakwizenzululwazi. Ukwakhiwa kweSizwe seSizwe seSayensi kulapha kwaye yenye yezinto ezikhangayo zendawo. Ukubonakala kwayo yinto efana neendlu ze-Eskimos ukusuka kwiqhwa, ngoko i-Australiya ibiza ngokuthi "yaglu."

Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo ifanele iNqaba yeTelstra, eyakhiwe ngo-1980. Kwiphezu laso yidonki yokujonga. Inika umbono obalaseleyo wepanoramic, kwaye abaninzi abatyeleli bazama ukufotshwa ngokusesikweni sayo. Ukongezelela, kukho ivenkile yokukhumbula, i-cafe kunye ne-museum yomzi ngaphakathi.

Midlalo

Isixeko saseCanberra, apho kukho ininzi enkulu yeendlela ezihamba phambili kunye nebhayisikili, iinkalo ezikhethekileyo zokuzonwabisa, iinkundla zentenethi, izakhiwo zamanzi kunye nezixhobo zomoya, iparadesi yangempela yabalandeli bezemidlalo kunye nokuphila okusebenzayo. Kwinqununu yase-Australia, njengelizwe lonke, i-tennis, i-basketball, igorfu, i-rugby kunye nekhenkethi ziphuhlisiwe. Ukhuphiswano kwibala lezemidlalo lugcinwe phantse lonke ixesha. Nangona ubukhulu becala besixeko, kukho amaqela amaninzi amela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemidlalo.

Indawo yokuhlala kunye nemozulu yoshishino

Abaninzi basemzini batyala imali yabo kwidolophu yase-dolophu. Ngexesha elifanayo, bavame ukuphishekela iinjongo zokutyalomali kunye nokufudukela kwamanye amazwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkunzi-mali yase-Australia kule ndawo iyathandwa kakhulu, kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezinkulu zelizwe-eMelbourne naseSydney, apho amaxabiso aphezulu.

Ulawulo lukaRhulumente kunye nokukhusela iindawo eziphambili zoqoqosho lweSixeko saseCanberra. I-Australia ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekwa njengelizwe elinomashishini athuthukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusebenzi kwinkunzi yayo. Kwiingingqi ezimbini ezikhankanywe ngasentla, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zabantu basekuhlaleni baqeshwe. Ukongezelela, isixeko singabizwa ngokuba sihamba phambili, kuba nantsi ikomkhulu lenani leenkqubo zophuhliso. Lo mmandla womsebenzi apha uye waba yinzuzo kakhulu.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

Uninzi lweendawo zokutya zendawo zifumaneka kwimimandla ephambili yesixeko. Ukuba ufuna, ungazama phantse naziphi na izitya. Inqanaba lenkonzo likwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye umgangatho wokutya unyaka unyaka uphucula. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutya kwe-Australia, eyayisetyenziswa ngokufana neyesiNgesi, isandul 'ukufumana iimpawu zayo. Ngokukodwa, imbonakalo yayo engabonakaliyo ngoku ivenkile yezilwanyana. Kwi-capital yase-Australia, ushizi uhle kakhulu, kwaye kwiimarike unokufumana iimveliso ezinqwenelekayo - umzekelo, umlomo wehaki okanye inyama yengwenya.

Indawo yokuhlala, ukuzizonwabisa nokuzonwabisa

Ekubeni i-Canberra yinkunzi yombuso omkhulu, kulula ukufumana izindlu apho. Iintlobo zeendawo zokuhlala zeendwendwe zedolophu kunye nabakhenkethi bahluke kakhulu kwiindleko kunye nenduduzo-ukuqala kwiihotele ezincinci kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezihlaziyekileyo kunye neehotele. Amanani ekamelo lokuqasha aqala kwi-30 engama ngosuku. Ngokuphathelele kwinkqubo yenkcubeko, ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuhamba, ukuphumla, kunye nokutyelela zonke iintlobo zokuzonwabisa. Ngokukodwa, i-National Zoo kunye nemisebenzi yamanzi ngosuku. Ukongezelela kuyo, kuya kuba mnandi kubafundi bezemvelo ukutyelela kwiTidbinbill National Reserve. Inkunzi-dolophu yaseAustralia iyaziwa ngokuba yiindawo ezininzi zokuzonwabisa kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa, ngoko unokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba indawo yokuphumla ijikeleze iwashi. Izitolo ngokubanzi zisebenza iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki. Bathengela phantse nantoni na into, kuquka nemveliso evela kwi-wool eyaziwayo yase-Australia.

Iimpawu ezifanele zikhunjulwe ngabakhenkethi

Akunqweneli ukusebenzisa amanzi ukususela kwamanzi. Akuyingozi kwimpilo yabantu, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokucoca, inokulibaziseka ukungena kwemimiselo.

Ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu kunqatshelwe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kotywala kuvunyelwe kuphela ngexesha elithile, kwaye akukho yonke indawo.

Xa uhamba kwimvelo, ungayikhohlwa malunga neendlela zokukhusela ezinambuzane, ezithandabuza kakhulu apha.

Ngokuphathelele ixesha apho i-Canberra ihlala khona, umda wexesha leedolophu yi-UTC + 10.

Canberra kwiintsuku zethu

Njenganamhla, amandla onke ezopolitiko kweli lizwe aye wagxila kulo mzi. Apha akakho nje kuphela ulawulo lwaseburhulumenteni, kodwa nakwabase-ambasade kwezinye iindawo. Esinye sezixeko ezivakatyelele kakhulu kwihlabathi ngabavakhenkethi bezinye iintlanga kwiminyaka yakutshanje uye waba nguCanberra. Inkunzi enkulu yase-Australia, nangona kunjalo, ibona iqondo eliphantsi kakhulu lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba kukho iziphoso ezinzulu, ngokukhawuleza zikarhulumente. Ubunzima bokuba lixhoba labadlali be-scammers okanye amasela e-pocket liphantse.