"I iLanga Abafileyo": isishwankathelo. "Ilanga Abafileyo" Ivan Shmelev

Kukho iincwadi ukufunda leyo buhlungu kukhokelela iingcinga lusizi. Omnye kubo eko Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela wadala ngumbhali Russian Ivan Shmelev. Eli nqaku - isishwankathelo esifutshane. "Ilanga of the Dead" - imveliso umntu italente enqabileyo ngendlela emangalisayo ukufa kabuhlungu.

History of indalo

Abagxeki baye ngokuba 'ilanga kwabafileyo, "omnye imisebenzi yoncwadi kakhulu buhlungu kwimbali yoluntu. Kuphantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho ukudala iincwadi?

Emva konyaka, emva kokuba Ivan Shmelev washiya ikhaya, waqalisa ukubhala lo amaqhawe 'ilanga Abafileyo. " Emva koko wayengazi ukuba Russia uya kuze abuye. Kwaye kunjalo ke wayethembe ukuba unyana wakhe uphilile. Sergei Shmelev wadutyulwa ngaphandle ityala ngo-1921. Waba ngomnye wamaxhoba "ngesothuso ebomvu kwi eCrimea." Omnye wabo kubo umbhali ezinikezela "Ilanga Abafileyo" isole. Ngokuba bayahlelwa oonyana unyana wakhe Ivan Shmelev wafumana kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokubhalwa kwale ncwadi ezoyikekayo.

ekuseni

Zeziphi izahluko zokuqala zale ncwadi? Akukho lula ukuba adlulisele isishwankathelo. "Ilanga Abafileyo" luqala inkcazelo yohlobo eCrimea kusasa. Phambi kwamehlo umbhali - elihle entabeni landscape. Kodwa landscape iCrimea livuselela iinkumbulo nostalgia kuphela.

izidiliya Local zonakale bethuna. Izindlu eduze qongqololo. ilizwe iCrimea kufuma ligazi. Umbhali ubona cottage nomhlobo wakhe. Ngoku ke endlwini, enhle kumi ngathi yinkedama, kude iifestile engqushiweyo, wafefa ngokuluqaba mhlophe.

"Yintoni abulale yiya": isishwankathelo

"Ilanga of the Dead" - incwadi malunga yindlala, usizi. Ibonisa ukuhlukunyezwa ezifunyanwa ngabo bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana. Kodwa kumaphepha amaninzi amanwele encwadi Shmelev - abo apho umbhali uchaza inguqu umntu ibe ngumbulali.

abonakale Amazing zoyikekayo yomnye amaqhawe 'ilanga kwabafileyo. " Hyori lee kwegama lomlinganiswa, uyakuthanda ukudlala ipiyano ngokuhlwa, uzibiza i "nesangxa '. Kodwa le ntaka abanekratshi kwaye womelele, engenanto yakwenza. Yiloo nto umbhali alifanisa amanqe. Shura abaninzi baya ngasentla okanye - nangakumbi - ekukhanyeni. Kodwa yonke imihla uyidla ipapa ubisi, udlala umculo, ihamba phezu ihashe. Ngoxa abantu emhlabeni besifa yindlala.

Shura - omnye abo babethunyiwe ukumbulala. Ukulawula monakalo, banduluka, Isimanga, kuba injongo eziphakamileyo: ukuphumeza ulonwabo jikelele. Okokuqala, ngokoluvo lwabo, sifanele nendyikitya. Yaye abo weza ukubulala, wenze umsebenzi wabo. Yonke imihla, amakhulu abantu baya izisele eCrimea. Emini kokuthinjelwa ukuba shot. Kodwa ke, njengoko kanti, ulonwabo lwako oko kwathatha ngaphezu ikhulu lamawaka ngxwelerha, yaba siyazikhohlisa. ngaphandle yindlala abantu abasebenzayo, ukuphupha ukuba ithabathele elingengangani wafa.

Malunga Baba-Yaga

Ngoko ke wabiza omnye izahluko yenoveli. Njengoko kumngcatsha isishwankathelo yakhe? "Ilanga of the Dead '- umsebenzi leyo a yokuqiqa nawazibonayo yombhali. amabali eyoyikisayo thaca ulwimi buso. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukufumana nangakumbi. Inokubuyiselwa ishwankathelwe njengoko namabali ngamnye wamxelela Shmelev. Kodwa lilize yokomoya umbhali Kunzima isishwankathelo. "Ilanga Abafileyo" Shmelev wabhala ngelo xesha, xa wayengakholelwa elizayo yabo, hayi kwixesha elizayo weRashiya.

Hayi akasekude endlwini esihle apho iqhawe ubomi inoveli na zokuhlala zasehlotyeni - entlango, ukusebenza abandayo. Kwenye kubo waphila unondyebo umhlala - indoda endala elungileyo udlulele. Wayehlala endlwini kunye umzukulwana kancinane. Ndandithanda hlala elunxwemeni, iinkunzi zokubambisa. Kanjalo kusasa indoda endala waya emarikeni zeetumato ezintsha kunye netshizi. Xa wayeka, baye basiwa ongaphantsi wadubula. UNondyebo isiphoso yayikukuba yena enxibe idyasi endala emkhosini. Ngenxa yoko, waza wabulawa. umzukulwana Little wayehleli an cottage engenanto wakhala.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, omnye izahluko kuthiwa "Of Baba Yaga". Ibali ngasentla malunga unondyebo sisishwankathelo esifutshane. "I iLanga Abafileyo" Shmelev azinikele isiphelo abantu abachatshazelwe yi-ezingabonakaliyo "umtshayelo intsimbi". Ngelo xesha, kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwakukho izafobe ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga eloyikekayo. "Beka eCrimea yentsimbi ngxushu" - ibinzana ukhumbula umbhali. Yaye kubonakala igqwirha enkulu, batshabalalisa amawaka ubomi encediswa uphawu lwakhe liyana.

Yintoni kwathiwa kwizahluko ezilandelayo Ivan Shmelev? "I iLanga Abafileyo", isishwankathelo yayo kuchaziwe kwinqaku - ngathi ukukhala umphefumlo Kukuze batshabalale. Kodwa ke umbhali ngoku phantse ze uthetha. "Ilanga of the Dead" - incwadi eRashiya. Amabali amafutshane ezibuhlungu - iinkcukacha inkulu yoyikekayo mfanekiso.

"Lomdali of ubomi entsha ... phi na ke?" - kubuza umbhali. Bengafumani impendulo. beza Aba bantu, baphanga into owakha eminyaka. Bona basixabhele namangcwaba abangcwele, bazikrazula kanye memory of Russia. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba atshabalalise, kufuneka ufunde indlela yokwenza. Shredders nezithethe Orthodox Russian babengazi nto, yaye ngoko ke oonyana bokufa, ngathi abantu bakhe ekufeni ethile. Ngenxa yoko igama, elo wabelithiyiwe incwadi Ivan Shmelev - ". ILanga Abafileyo"

Isishwankathelo, inkcazelo, imveliso ye sebali zinokusasazwa ngale ndlela: enye abaziingqondi yokugqibela Russian, yayisecicini yokufa, ebuka ukuzalwa lukarhulumente omtsha. Engaqondi iindlela korhulumente omtsha. Akazange angena kule nkqubo. Kodwa iqhawe le ncwadi ubunzima nje kuphela intlungu yakhe buqu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba akaqondi oko kufuna ukutshatyalaliswa igazi nokubandezeleka kwabantwana. Njengoko imbali iye yabonisa, i "Lunxunguphalo Enkulu" obabujolise lonke uluntu Soviet oluninzi iziphumo ezibi.

Boris Shishkin

I 'ilanga Abafileyo "Shmelev ubalisa ibali umzalwana wakhe, umbhali oselula Boris Shishkin. Nkqu iminyaka ngesothuso lo mntu uyaphupha malunga nokubhala. Iphepha inki ukuba kufunyanwa. iincwadi yakhe ifuna ukunikezela into eqaqambileyo, uhlambulukile. Umbhali uyazi ukuba Shishkin emangalisayo abanetalente. Kanti ke, kukho intlungu kangaka, kungakanani wanele ukuba ubomi ezilikhulu kubomi lo mfana.

Shishkin wakhonza elihamba. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwakunjalo ngaphambili waseJamani. Yena yathinjwa, apho ke batyakatywa, ngendlala, kodwa wasinda ngokungummangaliso. Wabuyela ekhaya kwelinye ilizwe. Njengoko Boris wakhetha into wonke umntu: ukusuka esitratweni icholwa up iinkedama. Kodwa ke iiBolsheviks lwakhawuleza wabanjwa. wasinda kwakhona ekufeni, Shishkin waba eCrimea. Kwi usingasiqithi, yena, abagulayo kwaye ndisifa yindlala, kodwa ingqondo yam iphaphile ukuba ngenye imini uza ubhale amabali elungileyo, eqaqambileyo ebantwaneni.

ukuphela kwabo bonke

Ngoko ke kwisahluko sokugqibela le ncwadi. "Xa usenza ngaphandle ekufeni?" - Ukubuza imibuzo umbhali. unjingalwazi ummelwane wafa. ngoko zibanjwe indlu yakhe. Endleleni, iqhawe yomfazi badibana nomntwana ofayo. Wakhalaza yalapho. Wayengakwazi kuva bonke ibali lakhe waza wabaleka umama womntwana ukufa kwakhe seediliya-msebe.

incwadi Iqhawe akoyiki ukufa. Kunoko, ulindele kuye, ekholelwa ukuba yedwa yena aphelise ukubandezeleka. Le ubungqina ibinzana wathi ngumbhali kwisahluko yokugqibela: "iya kukugubungela nini ilitye" Noko ke, umbhali uyaqonda ukuba, nangona, savumelana esondela, isitya akazange ukhathele.

Ukuba abafundi banamhlanje bacinga ngayo le ncwadi, nto leyo 1923 wabhala Ivan Shmelev?

"I iLanga Abafileyo": ncomo

Lo msebenzi awusebenzi uncwadi, ethandwayo phakathi ngabafundi mihla. Reviews ngayo kancinci. Le ncwadi izaliswe okubi, unobangela apho kuqondwe ukwazi iimeko zobomi zombhali. Ukongeza, amaphepha eyoyikekayo wayesazi wazibonela kwimbali lizwe. Abo baye funda "I ilanga Abafileyo", uyavuma ukuba le ncwadi kunzima ukufunda, kodwa kuyimfuneko.

Ngaba kuyanceda ukufunda iBhayibhile?

Uyixoxe imisebenzi ibali phantse akunakwenzeka. Sinako ukuphendula kuphela umbuzo malunga uhlobo umxholo abezingcwalisile Ivan Shmelev "Ilanga Abafileyo". Isishwankathelo ( "Brifli" okanye ezinye iisayithi Internet equlethe ngokubalisa kwakhona imisebenzi yobugcisa) asisiniki ingcamango epheleleyo malunga iimpawu ze-mveliso, nto leyo eyaba umbhali zokudala phezulu. Ukuze uphendule umbuzo ukuba kubalulekile ukufunda le ncwadi enzima, ungenza Sikhumbula amazwi uThomas Mann. Umbhali German athi ngaye ezi zinto zilandelayo: ". Funda, ukuba ube nesibindi"