I-Orthopantomogram: yintoni na kwaye uviwo luyenziwa njani?

Ukuphuhliswa kwetheknoloji zanamhlanje azimi. Kwaye oku kwenza kube lula ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo bonke abantu. Ngaloo ndlela, ishishini lonyango lizuza nakweli. Eli nqaku liza kujongana nenkqubo efana ne-orthopantomogram: yintoni na, xa isetyenziswe kwaye yenziwa njani.

I sigama

Ukuze sikwenze kucacise, kufuneka siqale siqonde amagama angundoqo. Ngoko, i-orthopantomogram - yintoni na kwaye igama lithetha ntoni? Ukukubeka ngokufutshane, i-panoramic kuphela, oko kukuthi, igqubuthela ngokupheleleyo imigca yamazinyo emibini, i- X-ray. Esi sifundo sinika ithuba lokuqwalasela:

• Isakhiwo samazinyo omhlathi ophezulu.
• Isakhiwo samazinyo emhlathi omzantsi.
• Kwakhona umhlathi ophezulu.
• Izono zempumlo (i-accessory), njl.

Oko kukuthi, umfanekiso ubonisa ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nesondlo sesigulane. Udokotela wamazinyo ngokwakhe kwi-snapshot angakwazi ukudweba nayiphina imigomo ayifunayo, kwaye uqwalasele into efunwayo.

Zifumana njani ezi mifanekiso? Nantsi yonke into iyilula, kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-X-ray, izicubu ezahlukahlukeneyo zomzimba womntu zithatha imisebe ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso ingafumaneka ngeendlela ezimbini: kwifilimu, njengezo zonke iifoto eziqhelekileyo, okanye kwi-sensor ekhethekileyo exhunyiwe kwikhompyutha.

Amagama ambalwa malunga nezixhobo

Ukuba udinga umfanekiso wepenoramic wamazinyo (orthopantomogram), kuya kufuneka uye kwikliniki yamazinyo. Emva koko, le nkqubo ifuna ukuba khona kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-orthopantomograph kwaye ikhangeleka kakhulu. Ngoko, umntu uhleli esihlalweni, ubeka isikhumba sakhe kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwaye ulinde ukuba konke kwenziwe. Ngethuba le nkqubo, isigulane asiva buhlungu okanye ayibuhlungu. Akukho buhlungu.

Ngoko, umntu unikwe i-orthopantomogram. Umfanekiso ngokwawo? Umgaqo wokusebenza weefowuni unjengolu hlobo: umthumeli uya kujikeleza isangqa sommandla ophandwayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ummkeli uya kufumana umfanekiso we-footage. Ummkeli unokuba ifilimu eqhelekileyo okanye i-digital medium (namhlanje isetyenziswe rhoqo ngenxa yokulula kunye noqoqosho).

I-analog okanye i-orthopantomograph - namhlanje imodeli endala yefowuni ye-panoramic photography. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, bathatyathwa ngokupheleleyo ngabahlobo babo bedijithali. Yaye yonke into yokuba isithombe sedijithali singcono kwaye sinokugcinwa ixesha elide. I-snapshot evela kwisixhobo se-analog ngokukhawuleza idlula kwaye ilahlekelwe icace yayo. Kwakhona, iindleko ezongezelelweyo zefilimu, ukuphuhlisa, ukushicilela iifoto.

Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje i- orthopantomogram ye-digital . Umfanekiso ofunyenweyo kweso sixhobo ugcinwa ngekhompyutha kwikhompyutheni, ukuba unqweneleka, unokuprintwa. Ukongeza, abaphandi banamhlanje bathi i-orthopantomographs yedijithali ayimonakalo engaphantsi, kuba ikhulula imida engabonakaliyo enobuncinane.

Umfanekiso ngokwawo uyenzelwe imizuzwana emibini, kwaye inqubo ayihlali ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-15. Ngoko isigulane asinaso ixesha lokufumana umthamo weemitha eziyingozi kumzimba . Ukongezelela, ukukhuselwa kwiphronsi ekhethekileyo igugile, encedisa ukunciphisa umzimba.

Idijithali okanye umfanekiso we-analog? Yintoni oyikhethayo?

Yintoni endimele ndiyazi ukuba i-orthopantomogram iyalelwe? Yintoni na - ecacwe. Kucacile kwakhona ukuba kwiikliniki zanamhlanje kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo. Ngoko yiyiphi enye elandelayo? Ukusuka ngasentla, sinokwenza isigqibo esilula sokuba kusekufuneka ukuba ukhethe i-digital orthopantomographs. Izibonelelo zabo zilandelayo:

• Ikhamera yedijithali idinga ixesha elincinci lokwenza umfanekiso. Ngenxa yoko, isigulane somlwelwe sinciphise ngama-90%!
• Isantya esiphezulu sokufumana umfanekiso. Ngoko, akukho mfuneko yokubonisa ifilimu, phrinta isithombe. Emva kwenkqubo, umfanekiso uvela embalwa imizuzwana kwizixhobo ezizodwa. Ukongezelela, idibaniso enkulu kukuba akukho mfuneko yokwenza ipemoramic shot, ukuba kukho iingxaki kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa ifilimu. Kwaye kwakhona kuyona inzuzo enkulu kwimpilo yabantu.
• I-snapshot yedijithali inokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unako ukwandisa ukuba uhlalutye ngokucophelela uhlalutyo oluthile.
• Zonke imifanekiso yezedijithali zigcinwa kwikhompyutha. Oko kukuthi, banokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza ngokusemandleni ngaphandle kokuya kwi-archive kunye nokuthunyelwa ngeemviwo zamaphepha amakhadi.
• Ukulungeleka okukhulu kunokuba kunjalo kwinto yokuba i-snapshot ngokwayo ifika ngokukhawuleza kugqirha. Oku kungenziwa ngokudluliselwa kwedatha kwikhompyutha.

Ncinane malunga nokulimaza

Ukujongana nekota elithi "orthopantomogram": yintoni na nendlela inkqubo ngokwayo eyenziwa ngayo, - Ndifuna ukuthetha ngamagama ambalwa malunga nokuba yingozi kangakanani le nto kwimpilo. Emva koko, i-irradiation eyenzekayo, leyo, ngokutsho kwabantu abaninzi, ngokucacileyo ayihambi kakuhle.

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, inkqubo iya kwenziwa ngexesha elifutshane. Ukongezelela, umzimba womntu ophantsi kokukhuseleka okufunekayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanyathelo okukhusela kunobungozi obuncinane.

Ulwazi malunga namanani: ukuba i-orthopantomogram yamazinyo imiselwe, i-dose ye-radiation yale nkqubo i-0.02 mSv. Ukuthelekisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyaka ovela kwindalo yindoda i malunga ne-3.0 mSv. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezithile zonyango. Kwiinyanga ezili-12 umntu ngamnye akafanele afumaneke ngaphezu kwe-1.0 mSv. Ngelo xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba yonke i-X-ray eyenziwa ngumntu ngexesha lonyaka kufuneka ibhalwe phantsi kwirekhodi yakhe yonyango. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe iirekhodi kunye nokubeka iliso kwinqanaba lokungabonakali komzimba kwisigulane.

Njengesiphetho esincinci, ndimele ndithi ukusetyenziswa komfanekiso we-panoramic kunesisindo esikhulu sempilo kunomthamo omncinci wemizi-mveliso eyenziwa yimizimba kulolu hlobo lwesifundo.

Iinkcazo zenkqubo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba namhlanje akunzima ukwenza i-orthopantomogram. Ukwenza oku, vele uye kwikliniki yamazinyo, apho kukho izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuqhutywe le nkqubo, kufuneka kubekho uphawu.

Ekuqaleni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthatha ipenoramic shot in the case xa kuziwa ekumiseni. Kule meko, olu phofu luvumela:

• Ukufunda isisithambo samazinyo amazinyo: ubuninzi, umthamo.
• Ukufunda imeko yeengcambu zamazinyo: indawo yabo, imeko.
• Ukuhlola imeko yeesono ezinkulu, ukubona indawo yabo.
• Umfanekiso wepanoramic ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukufakelwa okufanelekileyo kwesigulane.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba lesi sithombe sinceda ugqirha ukuba ahlalutye kangcono kwixesha lokungenelela.
• Kwaye, ke, i-orthopantomogram yenza kube lula ukwenza isicwangciso esifanelekileyo kunye nesakhono sokunyanga isigulane.

Ngendlela, kuyimfuneko yokwenza i-orthopantomogram kwakhona ngexesha lokumiselwa ngokwalo. Oku kuyimfuneko, kuba ugqirha kufuneka abone umphumo wokufakelwa kwezimpembelelo. Kwaye ekubeni le nkqubo isebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedijithali ayinanto engenakonakalisa, isetyenziswe kulo lonke inkqubo yokungenelela ngophengululo.

Ezinye iinkalo

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuthi zidinge iifanoric snapshot yamazinyo?

• Xa uphatha izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela iigums namazinyo. Ingaba ngathi i-flux rhoqo, kunye ne-cyst, i-granulomas, i-periodontitis, ukuhamba kwamazinyo ngokugqithiseleyo, njl njl.
• Lo mfanekiso ubalulekile ekulungiseleleni i-prosthetics.
• I-Orthopantomogram ivame ukunyanzelwa ukulimala okuhlukahlukeneyo kwenkqubo yomhlathi wesigulane.
• Umfanekiso ubalulekile ekulungiseleleni inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwezinyo.

Amanyathelo amanyathelo ngamanyathelo ngexesha lwenkqubo

Ngokwahlukileyo, ndifuna ukunika inkcazo ye-orthopantomogram. Oko kukuthi, uchaza umyalelo wezenzo ezifunekayo isigulane ngexesha le nkqubo:

1. Okokuqala, isigulane kuyakufuna ukukhusela umzimba wakhe kwimiphumo yemisebe usebenzisa i-apron ekhethekileyo.
2. Isixhobo ngokwawo siphezulu kunegulane. Nangona kunjalo, unako ukubamba inkqubo yokuma kunye nokuhlala. Konke kuxhomekeke ekukhuleni komntu owenza inkqubo. Ngoko, isixhobo sitshintshelwe kwisayizi sayo.
3. Umhlathi uhleli kwaye uhleli. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Emva koko, ukuba ufumane umfanekiso ocacileyo, isigulane kufuneka singenakunyuswa.
4. Emva koko i-scanner iya kujikeleza intloko yesigulane. Injongo yalo: ukufunda i-data kwaye uyithumele kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo esiya kunceda ugqirha ukuba acinge yonke into efunekayo.

Ixesha lokuxilonga lithatha ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15. Oku kwanele ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili.

I-Orthopantomogram isebenza

Njengoko sele sele khankanywe ngasentla, i-snapshot yamazinyo (orthopantomogram) inokwenziwa kwinkqubo yonke yokufakelwa kwe-implantation. Oku kuyimfuneko, kuba yonke inkqubo inokwakheka kwezinto zokugqoka ezifuna ukuchaneka, ukuchaneka, ukuchaneka kwimbononyi. Nona mpazamo encinci kule meko ingakhokelela kwimiphumo engathandekiyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo inakho ukunika iimpendulo kugqirha kuzo zonke iimbuzo ezinokuvela ngexesha lokungenelela.

Isigaba esisodwa: ukulungiswa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngeli xesha i-orthopantomogram ibaluleke kakhulu. Emva koko, ugqirha kufuneka ahlole ngokuchanekileyo imeko yomhlathi, amazinyo, izicubu zethambo. Ukuqonda ukuba ngaba kukho indawo eyaneleyo yokufakelwa kunye nokuba yonke into ilungele ukuhlinzwa. Ngoko, ngokusekelwe kumfanekiso, ugqirha ugqirha izigqibo malunga nokuba kuqhutywe ithambo yokwakha, luhlobo luni lokuvelisa uhlobo nobukhulu.

Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngexesha lokumiselwa kwimiba enokuthi kubekho ingozi ethile:

1. Ukuba ngumbuzo womhlathi ophezulu, kunokwenzeka ukulimaza i-sinilla maxillary.
2. Ukuba sithetha ngomhlathi osezantsi, umngcipheko omkhulu wokulimala kwi-nerve trigeminal.

Kwaye kuphela le nkqubo - i-orthopantomogram yamazinyo - inciphisa le mngcipheko ubuncinci.

Ukuba izicubu zethambo zakhulile isigulane, le nkqubo ivumela ukulandelwa kwekhwalithi yenkqubo yokwenza umsebenzi.

Ukufakelwa: ukuchasene

Kukwafanelekile ukuba kuqaphele ukuba kukho ukuchasene nokusebenza kokufakelwa kwemveliso. Ngoko, ngokomzekelo, i-periodontitis okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvuvukala kwindawo yokuqhuba ukungenelela. I-orthopantomogram yemihlathi yenza kube lula ukubona ezi ngxaki kwimifanekiso, ukuhlola i-foci evuzayo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki (iindawo ezidibeneyo, ukwakheka kwengcambu, njl.). Kwaye ke ngenxa yoko, ukuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu ngexesha lokungenelela kokuhlinzwa.

Inkqubo emva kokusebenza

Qinisekisa emva kokusebenza kuya kufuneka uthabathe ipaporamic shot. I-Orthopantomogram kule meko yenza kube lula ukuqwalasela umgangatho wokwenza imisebenzi ngexesha lo msebenzi, inkqubo yokufaka izifakelo zokufaka. Kwakhona, le nqubo yenza kube lula ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke emva kokungenelela okutyathwayo. Kubandakanywa emva kokumiselwa.

Njengesiphetho esincinci, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-orthopantomograms avumela ugqirha ukuba angenzi nje kuphela umsebenzi wakhe ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa nokunciphisa umngcipheko wemiphumo engathandekiyo emva kokusebenza.

Ukulungiselela isicwangciso sonyango

Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba emva kokufumana imifanekiso, ugqirha oya kungenza isicwangciso sonyango esinobuchule esiza kukhokelela ekuphuculeni ngokukhawuleza. Kule meko, zonke izenzo kunye nomhla wokugqibela kufuneka zichazwe. Olu luhlu luqulethwe ngamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu alandelayo:

• Unyango lwezinsini, amazinyo: kuyimfuneko.
• Ngaba isigulane sidinga ukukhula kwethambo (amathambo amathambo)? Le nkqubo inqunywe zibonakaliso xa umthamo wayo wemvelo unganele.
• Ukukhethwa kohlobo, ukufakela imodeli yokufakelwa. Kwakhona, le nkqubo inceda ekuqaliseni nasekusebenziseni ezinye izixhobo ezifunekayo kwinkqubo yokungenelela.
• Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, uhlobo kunye nomzekelo wesithsaba wamazinyo, isithandwa, i-prosthesis.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nganye yezi zinto kufuneka zivunyelwane nesigulane. Ugqirha ngokwakhe unokunika iingcebiso. Oku kuyimfuneko, kuba kuxhomekeke kumgangatho kunye nokukhethwa kwimizekelo yamacandelo afakelwe, ixabiso lingahluka.

Ukungqinelana

Kwiimeko apho kulungile ukushiya inkqubo efana ne-orthopantomogram? Okokuqala, akuthandeki ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo okanye ingxaki iphezulu kakhulu, inokuthi yenziwe.

Ngokwahlukileyo, abazali banomdla ukuba ngaba le nkqubo inikwe abantwana. Ewe, ewe. Kuba iintsana akunakuphikiswa, kuba idosi elincinci kakhulu le-irradiation livela. I-orthopantomogram yomntwana iyona ngongoma ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokonyango, njengokuba kunjalo kubantu abadala. Izalathisi zakhe zinganika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kunogqirha malunga nemeko yamazinyo kunye neentsini zomntwana.

I-Technique yokufunda i-snapshot

Uphi i-orthopantomogram eyenziwe? Izazinyo, oko kukuthi, iklinikhi yamazinyo, yindawo apho le nqubo ingenziwa khona. Kodwa ukuthabatha nje isithombe akusanele. Kufuneka ukwazi "ukulifunda". Ubugcisa bokufunda buqulethwe ngamaphuzu amathathu aphambili.

Ukuvavanya komgangatho womfanekiso ngokwawo. Ngoko, ugqirha ubukeka, nokuba ubukhali bomfanekiso, ubukhali, ukuhlukana kwanele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umlinganiselo opheleleyo kunokwenzeka ukuba ucinge ngommandla wophando. Kwakhona, ugqirha uvavanya iindawo eziphazamisayo zamazinyo kunye nesimo somhlathi.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuvavanya amathambo esifo somfuba. Kule meko, ugqirha ukhankanya kula manqaku alandelayo:

• Kwimeko yintoni i-septa engavumelekanga, ukuma kwayo, ukuphakama, imeko, ukusetyenzwa kweminye.
• Ingaba kukho ingxaki, njengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo seethambo.
• Umbuso wamalungu omhlathi (iingqungquthela, iintloko ezidibeneyo: ingaba kukho nayiphi iinguqulelo zentsholongwane) zihlolwa.
• Ngokwahlukileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya imeko yesimo se-mandibular kunye ne-canal (indawo, ubungakanani bamazinyo, ubukho bentlalo).

Isigaba sesithathu - ugqirha ugqityiweyo kunye nento yeso sifundo. Oko kukuthi, uzikhethele indawo elandelayo yomsebenzi.

Kwaye ukugqibela, isigaba sesine: oku kuhlalutyo kwesithunzi sezinyo. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha kufuneka ahlole imeko yesithsaba sesigulane, isigxina sezinyo ngokwaso, imeko yeengcambu zaso, ibonisa imingcambu yeengcambu, kwaye ihlole i-timeontal gap.

Kwaye emva kokuba uthathe onke amanyathelo ngokulandela ezi ngongoma, ugqirha unokumisela unyango olwaneleyo isigulane esiza kulufumana.