I-Potato yeColombo iindidi: inkcazo, iinkcukacha, ukuphononongwa, ifoto

Iintlobo zePatato ezihlukahlukeneyo iColombo yinto eyahlukileyo yaseFinland kwaye iqulunqwe ngokusemthethweni eRussia ngenxa yokunqongophala kwayo kunye nokuchasa kwiintlobo ezininzi zezifo. Ngenxa yokulinganisa okuphakamileyo le ndlela yaba yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu kumafama aseRussia. Kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela inkcazo yokulima iColombo kunye neefoto kunye nokuphonononga malunga nayo ngokungakumbi.

Kwimbali

Kukholelwa ukuba iifatata zafika eRashiya zibulela kuPeter I ngekhulu le-17. Ukuze silwe nendlala, uPetros ndalawule ukusabalalisa kwezilwanyana phakathi kwabantu. Ngelishwa, abalimi abazange bafumane le mifuno engavamile. Yatsalwa kuphela ngabantu basemzini abahlala eRashiya.

UCatherine II naye wenza inzame yokwandisa inkcubeko yamazambane phakathi kwabantu abahlali. Abasimili bayalityala, badla iiphakamileyo kunye nezilimo eziyiziqhumane eziluhlaza, babetyhelwa ngabo kwaye babengafuni ukutyalela iitatata. Kamva, abalimi baqala ukuthengisa izitato, nangona bengayidli, ngenxa yokwesaba utyhefu. Kwaye amafama ayengafuni ukutshintsha umsebenzi olula wokuhlwayela kunye nokuqokelela i-rye ngokuba isivuno esikhulu samazambane.

Kuphela ekupheleni kweXIXX yekhulu lezityalo zepatato zagqitywa ekufikeleleni kwiilayibhile zaseRashiya. Ngenkulungwane ye-XX yaba yinto ethandwayo kwizicatshulwa ezintle kunye nezizwe.

Ubugcisa bezolimo

Iifatata zanamuhla ze-varietal, kuquka neColombo, zifuna ukubunjwa okuthile komhlaba. Iipatata ezifana nokukhanya kwe-chernozem. Akayithandi kakhulu i-chernozem okanye inhlabathi elula kakhulu.

Ukubunjwa kwe-asidi yomhlaba kubangela izifo nokungazinzi kwiintlanzi kwiitatayi.

Ukuze uhlale uvelise umhlaba, kufuneka uvelise inkomo yeenkomo nganye ukuwa. I-Mullein ixutywe kunye ne-chernozem uthuli kwaye isasazeka emhlabeni. Kwimitha nganye yesikwere, i-1 kg yomgquba uwanele. Ukugqithisa le mali ayifanelekanga, kuba umgquba weenkomo ungumanyolo we-nitrogen.

Ukuba kukho i nitrojeni eninzi, amazambane akhula aphezulu. Kodwa nangona kungabikho ii-ovari, isivuno asikwazi ukuqokelela.

Iifatata zezityalo ekupheleni kuka-Apreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuba uthelwa ngaphambilana, kuya kufuneka usebenze kanzima ukukunceda ukukhulisa iifatata kumhlaba ongenakulungele.

I-Colombo ityalwe iintsuku ezingama-56 ngaphambi kokuvuna, njengoko le ngqungquthela iyenzayo.

Ukulinywa nokutya

Ukukholisa kuyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokukhupha izitato.

Ukuqala kwentaba kuyenziwa xa amahlumela ekhulile afika ku-5-10 cm. Ngaphambi kokugquma kufuneka kuyisuse zonke izityalo ezikhula ukhula, zihluthwe ngaphandle kweengcambu.

Intaba elandelayo iyenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe. Kwakhona sisusa zonke ukhula ngesandla.

Ukususela ekwindla umhlaba apho amazambane aseColombo aya kukhula, utyalwa yi-mullein.

Ngaphambi kokuba iziqwenga ziqale ukuqhakaza, i-potassium sulfate kunye ne-ash ash zifakwa emhlabathini.

Ngexesha leentyantyambo, iifatata zitshatiwe kwakhona. Sebenzisa umanyolo we-phosphorus. Ifom ye-grranular ifanelekile.

Imfihlelo yemveliso ephezulu

Ukongezelela kumachumisi kunye neentaba, xa ukhula iifatata kubalulekile ukuthobela urhulumente weqondo lokushisa.

Kwiimimandla esezantsi, ngokufudumala kwama-degrees ama-40, ukukhula kwezibhubhe kuphelile. Ngeli xesha, inkcubeko kufuneka ilingiswe ngamanzi apholileyo, ukuze ngexesha lemini, umswakama, uphuphuke, ucolile umhlaba.

Ihlobo eliqingqiweyo lokushisa ihlobo liyancitshiswa nakwiifatata. Ukuvuna kumaxesha anjalo kunciphisa.

Urhulumente obushushu bokubamba iifatata ezikhulayo yi-20-25 degrees Celsius.

Inkcazo yamazambane eColombo ukwenzela izivuno eziphezulu zicebisa ukuba zilungiselele ngokufanelekileyo izilimo eziyizilimo.

Iibhubhu ezinkulu zihlukaniswe ngommese phezu kwesitya. Emva koko zigcinwe iiveki ezimbini elangeni, ngexesha apho umqolo unqunywe ngesikhumba. Emva koko unako ukuhamba. Iibhubhu ezincinane zityalwe ngokupheleleyo.

Unokuhlwayela imbewu ekulungisiweyo kwangaphambili. Imbewu ithathwa kwintsimi evelisa isivuno esikhulu.

Musa ukubeka ibanga elifanayo lezambatho kwisalathisi esifanayo. Iipatates aziyithandi umhlaba ofanayo kwaye zize zenzeke ngokutsha. Ku luncedo ukutshintsha iindidi okanye icebo lokuhlwayela. Kule meko isivuno esihle sinikezelwa.

Iingambuzane zamazambane, i-beetle ye-Colorado iyingozi. Kuya kunceda ukulahla imveliso ekhethekileyo esithengiswayo. Inkunkuma iya kutshabalalisa ngenyanga kwaye ayiyi kuba nexesha lokulimaza isityalo.

Iimpawu zodidi

I-Potato ehlahleni iColombo iphakathi, inokumisa nokusabalalisa. Iifama ziluhlaza okombala, ophakathi okanye omkhulu. I-Corollas kwicala elibhekiselele linombala obuthakathaka we-anthocyanin, onokuthi awukho.

Iintlobo zePatato ezihlukahlukeneyo iColombo ayixhomeki kwizifo ezifana nomhlaza wezambatare, kunye ne-mbatato nematode. Umlinganiselo wokumelana ne-phytophthora.

Iipatato zezibhabhane zenzeke zibe zize zihlale zifane. Inyama kunye ne-peel ziphuzi. Ubunzima be-tuber buvela kuma-80 ukuya kuma-125 amagremu. Umgangatho wesitashi ngu-11-15%. Ingcamango ihlolwa kakuhle.

Ukubonakaliswa kweentengiso zee-tubers kuqikelelwa kuma-81-98%, ubomi be-shelf ngu-95%.

Ukuvelisa malunga ne 42,45 t / ha.

Le nkcazo yee-columbo zezityalo zamazambane, ukuphononongwa kwalo kufaka ulwazi olukhoyo.

Iingqinisiso kubaqhubi beloli

Iifatato ezihlukahlukeneyo iColombo, ngokweamafama, ineempawu eziphezulu.

Olu luhlu luxabiswa kwiipropati ezinjalo:

1. Enkulu ngcamango. Iipatata azixilisi kakhulu, ukunambitha ithenda kwaye ayinamanzi, athambile kwaye amnandi.
2. Ukubonakala okukhangayo.
3. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili. Ukuvunwa kungasuswa emva kwenyanga kunye nesiqingatha (iintsuku ezingama-40-50) emva kokutyala.
4. Unonophelo olunzima.
5. Ukumelana nokungabikho kwamanzi. Iindidi azidingi ukuthambisa rhoqo. Ngexesha elifanayo ubuninzi bokuvuna abuyeki.
6. Isivuno esiphezulu. Iifomati eziyi-10-15 ziqokelelwa kwihlathi.
7. Ukumelana nomhlaza kunye nematode.

Phakathi kweempazamo zibalaselisa ubomi obuncinane belolu hlobo. Iifomati zePotato zeColombo azigcinwanga ngaphezu kwesigamu sonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi zincike kwiimeko zokugcina.