Ibizwa njani ezahlukeneyo ngayo isityalo: Agriculture, fitotehniya, ezolimo?

Imveliso Crop - isebe ezibalulekileyo kwezolimo, nto leyo uvelisa 70% yabantu ewonke ukutya. izityalo zokuhombisa kunye ezimnandi kunye neentyatyambo bahombise izindlu ezayameneyo iindawo, ngaphakathi. amalungu ezininzi nezihluma zisetyenziswa mveliso, amayeza kunye nesiqhumiso ukutya kwezilwanyana ekrwada. ibizwa njani ezahlukeneyo isityalo, iincwadi, ngeembalo zezenzululwazi kunye ezithandwayo kunye iimanyuwali? Lo mbuzo ku Abantwana besikolo, abafundi baseyunivesithi kwakunye iingcali abasebenza ezahlukeneyo amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni lo msebenzi-tshintshwa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane igama layo.

Yintoni na isityalo igama?

Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba ubomi yokuhlala - isiganeko ubalulekileyo kuluntu lokuqala. Kwakukho umthombo othembekileyo ngakumbi ukutya ngaphezu ngokuhlanganiswa iziqhamo kunye iimbewu kwindalo. EYurophu, kangangeenkulungwane izityalo eziphambili zezolimo ukudla okuziinkozo, kugcwele izixhobo zamandulo ukulima umhlaba. Bamazwe, abahambi, nebiziswa ngabathengisi izityalo ezitsha: zesitrasi, umxoxozi, imifuno, iitapile. Ekuqaleni le XX kunye xxi kwinkulungwane zibangele iindlela phambili kulinywe kunye ukulinywa kwezityalo. ukulinywa kwezityalo iyaqhubeka ukutshintsha phambi kwamehlo ethu. Sebenzisa ubugcisa bale mihla kuzo zonke izigaba imveliso yezolimo. Xa amasimi yomsebenzi, umhlaba omtsha kunye noomatshini yokuvuna.

Ukuguqula amaphepha lwezichazi-magama kunye neencwadi reference, unokufunda indlela ezahlukeneyo kuthiwa isityalo, yintoni na ingakumbi kweli sebe wezolimo. Ezi editions ezahlukeneyo la magama:

• ezolimo;
• zokufuya;
• isilimo;
• LezoLimo (lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi "Agros" - "entsimini");
• fitotehniya;
• namahlathi.

Agriculture - isiseko lwesityalo

imisebenzi esebenzayo wokukhulisa izityalo ngokususela kwidatha evela kwinani Sciences: eziphilayo, imichiza, eziphilayo. ulwazi Demand yokuhlelwa ngezityalo, iimpawu zomhlaba, ubuchwepheshe ukulima. In "Complete Encyclopedia of Russian wezoLimo Sciences wadibana naye," yapapashwa Russia (1900-1912), ishishini yonke kuthiwa namahlathi. Xa "umfama Handbook Russian", ihlelwe yi VG Nyquist (1913) Kwakhona uchaza ukuba igama lomnye yezityalo - fitotehniya. Kwinkulungwane ezidlulileyo kwasekwa ezinye iinkalo zoshishino:

• yokulima olimekayo - imveliso papa (ingqolowa, irayisi, umbona), ezobugcisa (zikajongilanga, ummoba, umqhaphu), izityalo ukudla;
• imifuno - izityalo ezikhula igadi (ikhaphetshu, amatswele, iipepile, iitumato kunye nezinye);

• ukulima - ukulinywa iziqhamo pome, iziqhamo ilitye, iidiliya kunye nezinye izityalo;
• ezokuhombisa;
• intyantyambo;
• amadlelo aluhlaza;
• kwamahlathi.

iingcali Agricultural ukuphuhlisa ubuchule zezolimo kunye neentlobo zezityalo, ukuphucula iindlela zokulima umhlaba, ukudala ibhastile nto leyo iifom abanganyangekiyo izifo nezinambuzane. imiba yingxaki kwicandelo zezi ukunciphisa iindleko, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka izinto zendalo.

Ukukhuthalelwa kwimveliso yezityalo

World ezolimo asakhasayo dynamically. imveliso Ukwanda, umgangatho imveliso, ubugcisa kwezoshishino kuqaliswa. ibizwa njani ezahlukeneyo into eyoze ubakhumbuza ngakumbi kwemveliso yoshishino? Zonke gama lisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo "iindlela kwezolimo." Ukusikwa kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa eziliqela ubuchule:

• ez;
• isicelo of izimbiwa kunye eziphilayo;
• ukulungiselela iimbewu, izinto lokutyala;
• yokulima ukutyala;
• ukunakekela ehlathini ezisekelwe kwiimpawu zebhayoloji zesityalo, iimeko zemozulu yelixesha;
• ukuvuna.

"Basic Imigaqo lokufama kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba umhlaba umzuzile yonke abeyithimbile" - wabhala umseki chemistry yezolimo Yusto von Liebig. Ngeziphumo zobunzululwazi umkhuba yehlabathi intsimi-isityalo kwinkqubo yolondolozo resource zomhlaba esekelwe "bandpass» (Strip-kude), «ubuncinane» (Mini-ndide) kunye "zero» (nou-Kude) zokulima. Zisetyenziswa eUnited States, eJamani, iRashiya, Ukraine kunye nenani kumaphondo Canadian ngempumelelo. Technology ejoliswe ulondolozo lomhlaba, ukonga umbane. Abenzi zempahla ekrwada yezolimo ukuphuhlisa inkqubo kunye nokuthengiswa kwemveliso kwi "entsimini - Imveliso - ekhawuntarini." Ingakumbi ebalulekileyo lo mgaqo ekukhuliseni ukutya organic.

linye nkqo

Ingaba iindlela ezisebenzayo yokukhula izityalo ngaphandle komhlaba. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ulwelo esetyenzisiweyo, equlethe kumafa yayo izondlo eziyimfuneko. ibizwa njani ezahlukeneyo into eyoze engadingi lomhlaba? Le yindlela entsha ye ngokuvelisa isityalo - yeqela. NgesiGrike kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwe "solution yokusebenza".

izityalo Industrial, ngokusekelwe hydroponics, esanda kutshanje. unikezelo lwayo lu dityanisiwe neeyunithi kahle eliphezulu ezinokuthi zibekwe phezu komnye, ukudala iigadi nkqo nemiyezo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo umxube feed kwezondlo kwiingcambu zezityalo. Le ndlela zinezibonelelo ezininzi. Ifuna isithuba ngaphantsi imveliso, umonakalo encinane ngamagciwane zomhlaba kuzisa izifo, izinambuzane kunye ntshulube. Kulwelo ukusebenza zifakwe lunezinto ukukhawulezisa ukukhula olawula ubude kweentyatyambo kunye esivuthiweyo.

EzoLimo, floriculture nempilo

Ithekhinoloji zokufumana iimveliso zokutya ezisetyenziswa chemistry ukufikelela, yemfuzo (yeMfuzo). Enye yeengxaki kukusetyenziswa izichumisi initrogen, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba sokuzuza imifuno, iziqhamo, umxoxozi iikhompawundi carcinogenic - nitrate. ifuthe elibi lobume bempilo yabemi ekusetyenzisweni lwesityalo ezinye ezolimo. Kwilizwe ngalinye, eyasekwa imimiselo isicelo sabo, nto leyo esweni iinkonzo ngasendle.

A ulwalathiso uthembisa zokufama. Iimpahla zakhe (, nokusingqongileyo zendalo) iimfuneko eliphezulu. Amashishini ezolimo kunye namafama musa ukusebenzisa imichiza eyenziwayo kunye nokuPhuculwe kwi ukulinywa kwezityalo, ekusetyenzweni izinto ekrwada ukutya.

Ukujikeleziswa kwezinto phantsi wokufama zendalo kuxhomekeke scheme.

Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi zezolimo kunye neengcali baphucule iindlela zabo kwimveliso. Luphawu eziku nobuchwepheshe computer yokulawula ubulunga iimveliso zolimo, nokuphuhlisa iindlela hormone genetic ukuphucula omzimba kwezityalo. Kuya kusiba iimveliso zithandwa ngakumbi eco-lula, ingakumbi ihlabathi eliphuhlileyo.