Ifilosofi ye-Renaissance imfutshane. Abameli befilosofi

Ifilosofi ye-Renaissance - into efana neYurophu yaseYurophu XIV-XVII yeenkulungwane. Igama elithi "Ukuvuselela" (lisetyenziselwa inguqulelo yesiNtaliyane - Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Renaissance) inxulumene nokuguqulwa kwabacingeli kwiminqophiso yexesha elidlulileyo, uhlobo lokuvuselela ifilosofi yamaGrike neyamaRoma. Kodwa ukuqonda okokudala, kubantu be-XIV-XV enkulungwane. Kuye kwaphazamiseka. Oku akumangalisiyo: i-Millennium yonke yabahlukanisa ukusuka ngexesha lokuwa kweRoma, kwaye phantse amabini-ukususela kwintando yesininzi yaseGrisi. Sekunjalo isiseko senzululwazi ye-Renaissance - i-anthropocentrism - isuka kwimithombo yamandulo kwaye iphikisana ngokucacileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwamaxesha aphakathi kunye neengcali zonke zehlabathi.

Imvelaphi

Ifilosofi ye-Renaissance yavela phi? Inkcazo emfutshane yale nkqubo ingaqalisa ngokubhekiselele kwinto yokuba kukho inxaxheba kwihlabathi langempela kunye nendawo yomntu kulo. Akuzange kwenzeke ngethuba ngeli xesha. Ngekhulu le-XIV. Inkqubo yobudlelwane be-feudal iye yaphela. I sixeko sikarhulumente sakhula kwaye saphuthuma ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukodwa kwabonakala kwiItali, apho ukusukela kwimihla yakudala izithethe zokuzimela kwezoqoqosho kwizixeko ezinkulu ezifana neRoma, iFlorence, iVenice, neNaples azizange ziphele. I-Italy yayilingana namanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ngeli xesha, ukulawulwa kweCawa yamaKatolika kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kwaqala ukulinganisa abantu: iinduna zazifuna ukuhlawula iipembelelo zepapa kwaye zifike emandleni onke, kwaye abantu basezidolophini nabasimizi baswele phantsi komthwalo onzima weerhafu kwiimfuno zabafundisi. Kancinane kamva oku kuya kukhokelela kwinkqubela yokuguqulwa kweCawa kunye nokwahlukana kobuKristu baseNtshona Yurophu kwiKatolika kunye neProtestanti.

XIV-XV iiklasi. - ixesha lokufumana iindawo ezinzulu, xa ihlabathi laqala ukuqondakala kwaye liyinyani, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo lawela kwiBhetshi yeProtruste ye-Christian scholasticism. Isidingo sokwenza inkqubo yolwazi lwesayensi yendalo senzeke ngokucacileyo kwaye singenakugwema. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqhubeka zithetha ngokubunjwa kwehlabathi, impembelelo kwiinkqubo eziqhubekayo zemithetho ye-physics kunye ne-chemistry, kunokuba imimangaliso kaThixo.

Ifilosofi ye-Renaissance (ngokufutshane): iingcinga ezisisiseko nemigaqo-siseko

Yintoni eyenza zonke ezi zinto? Iimbali eziphambili zefilosofi ye-Renaissance ngumnqweno wokuhlola ihlabathi ngokusebenzisa i-sayensi yemvelo evela kwiGrisi yamandulo kwaye yayinokulibalelwa ngokungaqondakaliyo kwi-Middle Ages, ingqalelo kumntu, kwiinkalo ezinjengenkululeko, ukulingana, kwixabiso elikhethekileyo lobomi bomntu.

Nangona kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezithile zexesha lalingenako ukuphazamisa inkqubela yokuphuhliswa kwengcamango yefilosofi, kwaye kwimpikiswano engavumelaniyo kunye nabaxhasi beklasi yokufundela imbono entsha yehlabathi izalwe. Ifilosofi ye-Renaissance isifumene ngokucacileyo isiseko selifa lemveli, kodwa iguqulwe kakhulu kwaye yongezelela. Ixesha elitsha lenza umbuzo ohlukileyo kumntu kuneminyaka engama-2000 ngaphambili, nangona amaninzi awo afanelekileyo kuwo onke amaxesha.

Iingcamango zefilosofi ye-Renaissance zisekwe kwimigaqo efana nale:

• I-Anthropocentrism ye-philosophical and science. Umntu - kwiphakathi yendalo yonke, ixabiso eliphambili kunye namandla okuqhuba.
• Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa kwizinto zesayensi nezendalo. Kuphela ngokufundisa nokuphuhlisa singakwazi ukuqonda isakhiwo sehlabathi, ukuba siyazi okoqobo.
• Ifilosofi yemvelo. Ubume kufuneka bufundwe ngokupheleleyo. Zonke izinto ehlabathini ziphela, zonke iinkqubo zidibeneyo. Ukuziqonda kuzo zonke iintlobo zeefom kunye nelizwe liyakwazi kuphela ngokuvelisa kunye kunye ngexesha elidityanisiweyo ukusuka kunkulu kwikhonkrithi.
• I-Pantheism kukubonakaliswa nguThixo ngendalo. Injongo ephambili yale ngcamango yayiwukudibanisa isayensi kunye necawa. Kuyaziwa ukuba amaKatolika ayenzela ngenzondelelo nayiphi na ingcinga yesayensi. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-pantheism kwanikezela ukuqhubela phambili kwezo nkqubela njenge-astronomy, i-chemistry (ngokuchasene ne-pseudosity alchemy kunye nokukhangela ilitye lefilosofi), i-physics, iyeza (ukufundisisa ngokujulile ngesakhiwo somntu, izitho zakhe, izicubu).

Periodization

Ekubeni i-Renaissance iquka ixesha elide elininzi, ukwenzela inkcazo ecacileyo, iimeko zihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amathathu.

1. I-Humanistic - phakathi kwe-XIV - isiqingatha sokuqala se-XV inkulungwane. Kwaphawulwa ngumjikelo ukusuka kwi-centrirism ukuya kwi-anthropocentrism.
2. I-Neoplatonic - isiqingatha sesibini se-XV - isiqingatha sokuqala se-XVI leminyaka. Idibene nokuxhaswa kweembono zehlabathi.
3. Indalo-yefilosofi-eyesiqingatha sesibini se-XVI - yokuqala kwiminyaka ye-XVII inkulungwane. Ukuzama ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kumiselwe kwaye kuvunywe umfanekiso weCawa wehlabathi.

Kukho neendawo ezinjalo zefilosofi ye-Renaissance njenge:

• Izopolitiko (eziphuhlisiwe kwixesha le-Neoplatonic), elibhekiselelwe kukukhangela ubunzulu kunye nemvelo yamandla abantu abathile phezu kwabanye.
• Utywala. Ifilosofi yentlalo ye-Renaissance (ngokuhambelana nexesha lesibini nelesithathu ngexesha) lifana nelo lathiso lwezopolitiko, kodwa phakathi kwenkqubo yokukhangela kwakukho uhlobo olufanelekileyo lokuhlalisana kwabantu ngaphakathi kwesi sixeko kunye nombuso.
• Ukuguqulwa (i-XVI-XVII iikholeji) - ijoliswe ekufumaneni iindlela zokuguqula icawa ngokuhambelana nezinto ezintle, ukulondoloza ukomoya ebomini bomntu, ukungabi naluphiko lokubaluleka kokuziphatha phezu kwesayensi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zexesha

Namhlanje igama elithi "ubuntwini" luthe lafumana intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kunokuba i-Renaissance. Ngaphantsi kwakhe kuyaqondwa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukunyamezela, uthando. Kodwa ngenxa yeengcali zefilosofi, le ngongoma, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, kwakuthetha ukuba phakathi kweentando zefilosofi ayikho uThixo okanye ubunjani bendalo, kodwa umntu kunye nobomi bakhe basemhlabeni. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba sishwankathela ngokufutshane, ifilosofi yama-Middle Ages kunye ne-Renaissance yinto ehlukileyo. Babenomdla kwimibandela ephikisana ngokungafani kunye kwaye babengenakuhlala kunye.

Iingcali zokuqala

Iimoto zokuqala zeengcamango zabantu zinguDante Alighieri, uFrancesco Petrarca, uLornzo Valla, uGiovanni Boccaccio. Imisebenzi yabo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokucacileyo bathi i-anthropocentrism yefilosofi ye-Renaissance, oko kukuthi, indawo ephakathi yomntu emfanekisweni wendalo yonke.

Ubuntu buqala ukusasazeka kwisebe leyunivesithi, kodwa kwintetho yabucala kunye nabahloniphekileyo. I-Scholasticism yayiyinxalenye yabantu, okanye kunabo abo babulawula abantu, imfundiso esemthethweni, kunye nobuntu-ifilosofi yecandelo elincinci elincinane leengcali.

Amachaphaza e-Polar yifilosofi yama-Middle Ages kunye ne-Renaissance. Ingabonakaliswa ngokufutshane kwingxelo yokuba yayiyizifilosofi zokuqala zoBuvuselelo obudala umfanekiso woMdaka oMnyama owawusungulwe iminyaka emininzi njengephupha elimnyama loluntu. Baye baphendukela kwizifundo zasendulo kunye nemifanekiso ukubonisa imiba yabo. Abantu babone umsebenzi wefilosofi ekubuyiseni "kwixesha legolide" -ngaphambili, kwaye ngenxa yale nto baqalisa umsebenzi ojoliswe ekuphakanyiseni ifa lemveli - ukudluliselwa kwisiLatini esihloniphekileyo kunye neelwimi eziqhelekileyo zemizekelo yexesha elidlulileyo leGrike kunye nokuhlaziya. Kuyavunywa ukuba iinguqulelo zokuqala zeempendulo zamandulo, ezenziwe ngekhulu le-15 le-16, zabeka isiseko sesayensi ye-philoloji yesimanje.

UDante Alighieri - ummeli oqaqambileyo wexesha lobudoda babantu

Ukubonisa ixesha lokuphila kwabantu kwimbali yefilosofi ye-Renaissance, umntu akanako ukukunceda kodwa uhlala ngokugcwele ngokucacileyo kwi-biography yomfanekiso onje ngokomfanekiso njengoDante Alighieri. Lo mcebisi obalaseleyo kunye nesibongozi emsebenzini wakhe ongafiyo "Ulwalamano Lwaphezulu" wenza umntu ngumntu ophakathi kwimbali. Oku kunomdla ngakumbi kuba kulo mfanekiso wonke umhlaba uhlala ufana no-Middle Ages - iziseko zeCawe kunye nokubonelelwa kobukhombululo bukaThixo abazange bathathwe. Kodwa kusele "Ulwalamano Lwaphezulu" inkcazelo ecacileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezicacileyo zomKristu emva kokufa. Oko kukuthi, umntu uye wangena kwi-domain yesibonelelo sikaThixo. Vumela kuphela nje ukuba umbukeli ongenakukwazi ukuphazamisa nokuchaphazela ikhosi yeziganeko, kodwa umntu sele ekhona kwisangqa sikaThixo.

Lecawa iBandla lalixabisa kakhulu, kwaye lithandekayo.

Injongo yomntu kwilizwe elikujonga ngayo iDante kukuziphucula ngokwabo, ukuzama ukulungela indawo ephezulu, kodwa kungekhona nakweyiphi indlela yokulahla ihlabathi, njengoko kwakubonakala kufilosofi yama-Middle Ages. Ukuze "Ulwalamano Lwaphezulu" udwebe ngemibala onke amathuba okuphila komphefumlo emva kokufa komntu, ukuze aqhubekele kwizenzo ezinqamlekileyo ebomini obungapheliyo emhlabeni. Umbhali ubhekisela kwimvelaphi kaThixo evela kumntu onomgomo omnye - ukuvuselela uxanduva lwakhe kunye nokunxanela ukucebisa okungenamsebenzi ngolwazi. I-Anthropocentrism yefilosofi ye-Renaissance ngokufutshane kwi-Dante ifumaneke ukuthetha kwayo "kwingoma kwisidima somntu", ezwakala kwi "Comedy Comedy." Ngaloo ndlela, ukukholelwa kwisiphelo esiphezulu somntu emhlabeni, amandla akhe okwenza izinto ezinkulu, umcingi wabeka isiseko semfundiso emitsha yabantu.

Ukuphuhliswa kweengcamango emsebenzini kaFrancesco Petrarch

Iziseko zeembono zabantu, ezichazwe nguDante, zifumene ukuphuhliswa kwazo emsebenzini kaFrancesco Petrarch. Nangona ugxininiso lwentlobo yemisebenzi yakhe (iinconnets, i-canon kunye ne-madrigals) zihluke ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-syante ye-Dante ehloniphekileyo kunye ne-syllable sedate, iingcamango zobuntu zibonakalisa kubo ngokucacileyo okulinganayo. I-Peru yale nkondlo iphinde ibe nenani leentetho zefilosofi: "Ubomi bodwa", "Invective ngokuchasene notshaba", "Ngokwakho kunye nolunye ukungabi nolwazi", "Kwixesha lokuzonwabisa", incoko "Imfihlelo yam".

Ngokomzekelo wePetrarch, kubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba i-anthropocentrism ayizange ihlale yinto entsha eyenziwa ngabafilosofi, kodwa ifunyenwe imbonakalo yehlabathi, inkqubo yexabiso lemveli. Wayephikisa ngokucacileyo imfundiso yezemfundo, ecinga iqela lefilosofi eyinyaniso ukuba abonise iingcamango zakhe, kwaye angabonakali kwabanye. Kwaye phakathi kweengcali zefilosofi uPetrarch wayekholelwa ukuba abo bajolise kumntu, ubomi bakhe, iimfuno zangaphakathi kunye nezenzo, zibhekwa phambili.

Ingcamango ephambili yabantu - umntu unelungelo lonwabo

Ekuqaleni, kwimisebenzi kaDante, ifilosofi ye-Renaissance (ubuntu) yenza inxeba yokuziphucula, ukuxhamla kunye nokuqina ngaphambi kokubetha kwexesha elizayo. Kodwa umlandeli wakhe wesahlulo sokuqala seXV inkulungwane. - ULornzo Valla - waya phambili waza wabiza isenzo esisebenzayo sokulwa neminqweno yabo. Phakathi kweenkolo zefilosofi zasendulo ezazivelela kakhulu ngamaEpikure - ziyabonakala kwiintetho zeengxoxo ethi "Jabulela" kunye "Nokwenene Namaxoki", apho ahluke khona abalandeli bakaEpicurus noStoyiki. Kodwa umnqweno wesonwabo wesono, oqhelekileyo wama-Epicure, uthathe umlinge ohlukileyo. Ingcamango yakhe yovuyo iyinto efanelekileyo, ngokomoya. KwiLornzo Vall, iimpawu zefilosofi ye-Renaissance ziyancitshiswa ekubeni inkolelo eqinileyo kwiingcinga ezingenamkhawulo zengqondo yomntu.

Impumelelo ephambili yabafilosofi-abantu be-XIV-XV enkulungwane. Ngenxa yokuba bavikela ilungelo lomntu ekuphuhliseni, ukuzinzisa kunye nolonwabo kwimpilo yokwenene esemhlabeni, kungekhona kwiCawa elandelayo. UThixo wayecingelwa ukuba ulungile kwaye unomusa, wabonakalisa isiqalo sokudala sehlabathi. Kwaye umntu, wadalwa ngomfanekiso kaThixo, yedwa kuphela phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo, enikezelwe ngomoya kunye nokusebenza, kufuneka azame ukutshintsha ihlabathi kunye nabantu abazungezile ukuze bafumane ngcono.

Ukukhangela kobugcisa akukhathaleli kuphela umxholo, kodwa kwakhona iifom: iimboni zabantu zikhombela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zevesi, imifanekiso, iifrifiyoti, umzekelo, unikezwa uhlobo lwencokozo, ukuhlakulela intlekiso kunye nokuvuselela uhlobo lwe-epistolary.

Ulingano loluntu

Ifilosofi yentlalo ye-Renaissance yanciphisa iziseko zesikhokelo sobukhosi bezentlalo ngokusesikhalazo esilula kunye nesendalo kwiZibhalo ezingcwele: bonke abantu balingana namalungelo abo, kuba bayadalwa ngokufanayo ngomfanekiso kaThixo. Ingcamango yokulingana kwabo bonke abantu iya kufumana inxaxheba ethe xaxa phakathi kweengcali zefilosofi kwiNkanyiso, kodwa ukuba ixesha liye lachazwa kuphela, kodwa le nto yayisele ilandele ixesha elide emva kweMinyaka yobuNtshatsheli. I-Humanists ayizange iphikisane neCawa, kodwa yayikholelwa ukuba i-scholastics kunye ne-demagogues zaphazamisa iimfundiso zayo, kwaye ifilosofi yabantu, ngokuchaseneyo, iya kunceda kubuya kwikholo lobuKristu lokwenyaniso. Ukubandezeleka kunye nentlungu ayiyinto engokwemvelo kwimvelo, oko kuthetha ukuba akayikukholisa uThixo.

Kwinqanaba lesibini lokuphuhliswa kwalo, ukususela ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka, ifilosofi ye-Renaissance iguqulela ngokufutshane imfundiso yePlato, i-Aristotle kunye nesikolo se-Neoplatonists ngokuhambelana neemeko zangoku.

Abameli abakhulu beengcamango zokulingana kwezentlalo

Phakathi kwabacingisi beli xesha, indawo ekhethekileyo ihlala nguNikolai Kuzansky. Wayenombono wokuthi ukunyuka enyanisweni yinkqubo engapheliyo, oko kukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqonda inyaniso. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu akakwazi ukucinga ngehlabathi elikujikelezile, njengoko uThixo evumela ukuba akwenze oku. Kwaye ukuqonda ubunjani bukaThixo buphezulu ngaphezu kwamandla abantu. Iinkalo eziphambili zefilosofi ze-Renaissance zishwankathelwe kwimisebenzi yakhe "Iproverb" kunye "Ngokumalunga nokungazi," apho okokuqala kuvela khona ngokucacileyo umgaqo wobuthakathi, ekubeni ubunye behlabathi, ngokutsho kukaCusa, lufumaneka kuThixo.

Ngokucacileyo kwifilosofi yePlato kunye neNeoplatonists, umfundi uhanjiswa kwindlela yokuziphatha "ITheko yamaPlato ngokungafi komphefumlo" uMarsilio Ficino. Yena, njengoNicholas waseCusa, wayengumxhasi wobuhlanga, wachaza uThixo kunye nehlabathi kwindlela enye yokuzimela. Iingcamango zefilosofi ye-Renaissance, evakalisa ukuba umntu ulungile kwaye ufana noThixo, akayekanga kuFicino.

I-worldview ye-Pantheistic yafikelela kwi-apogee yayo kwimisebenzi ye- Pico della Mirandola. Ifilosofi icinga ukuba uThixo uphelele ngokupheleleyo, ehlanganiswe kwihlabathi elingaphelele. Iimbono ezifanayo sele ziqale ekuqaleni kweXV yekhulu. Ifilosofi ye-Renaissance yabonakaliswa kwihlabathi. Isishwankathelo sokufundisa kukaMirandola kukuba ukuqonda kwehlabathi kufana nokuqonda kukaThixo, kwaye le nkqubo, nakuba ilukhuni, kodwa iphelile. Ukufezekiswa komntu kufikeleleka, kuba kuyadalwa ngomfanekiso kaThixo.

Pantheism. Pietro Pomponazzi

Ifilosofi entsha ye-Renaissance, echazwe ngokufutshane kule nqaku, iboleke imigaqo ye-Aristoteli, eyachaphazela imibhalo kaPietro Pomponazzi. Wabona ubunzulu behlabathi ngokunyakaza okuqhubekayo kwisangqa, kuphuhliso nokuphindaphinda. Izinto eziphambili zefilosofi ye-Renaissance zifumene impendulo "kwiNyango yokungafi komphefumlo." Apha umbhali unikeza ubungqina obucacileyo bokuthi umphefumlo uyafa, ngaloo ndlela ugcizelela ukuba ubomi obonwabileyo nobunobulungisa bunokwenzeka kwimpilo yomhlaba kwaye kufuneka kufuneke. Yile ndlela ifilosofi kaPomposonzi ye-Renaissance. Iingcamango eziyinqobo awayezibiza kukuba zixanduva lomntu ngenxa yobomi bakhe kunye nokunyaniseka. Kodwa okokugqibela ekufundeni okusha: UThixo akaphela nje kuphela ngokusemgangathweni, akanakunqwenela kulo, kwaye ngoko ke akunakunobangela obubi obubakho kwihlabathi, kuba uThixo akakwazi ukuphula umyalelo wezinto.

Ingoma kaErasmus yaseRotterdam

Xa kuchazwa kwale meko na intanda-Renaissance, kuyimfuneko ukuba bachukumise ngokufutshane ubuchule Erasmus. Kuyinto kakhulu abangamaKristu umoya walo, kodwa nangakumbi izipho emntwini umzamo omkhulu obufunwa nguye. Oku kunika uxanduva olukhulu okuqhubekayo self-uphuhliso kunye self-nesazisi. Erasmus kalukhuni wazibhenca neentsilelo bulumko yesikolo isakhiwo feudal ngokubanzi, wanika izimvo zakhe ngalo mbandela xa wakhe othi "Dumisani sobudenge". In ubulima sobulumko efanayo wabona unobangela zonke iingxabano, iimfazwe neenkani, oko ekhalimela ngoyena ndoqo intanda-Renaissance. Nobuntu ndifumene intlokoma kwi kwimibhalo Erasmus. Yaba uhlobo iculo ukuya inkululeko ngokuthanda komntu kunye noxanduva lwakhe zonke izenzo ezimbi yaye ulungile.

iingcamango osisigxina yokulingana

Ifilosofi kwezentlalo indlela Renaissance ibizwa ngokucacileyo eziqulathwe kwiimfundiso uThomas More, kanye ngakumbi kumsebenzi odumileyo wakhe "Utopia", ogama lakhe kamva yaba nye. Mor washumayela kukulahlwa kwawo propati yabucala kunye nokulingana jikelele.

Enye ummeli mkhwa kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, noNiccolò Machiavelli, xa wakhe othi "I koMlawuli" thaca umbono wakhe uhlobo kwamandla karhulumente, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuziphatha yomphathi. Ukuze kufikelelwe kwiinjongo eziphezulu Machiavelli, nangaziphi na iindlela ezifanele. Umntu ukuba ndinyeliswe ngenxa ukulalana ezinjalo, kodwa waqaphela kuphela umthetho okhoyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa Inqanaba lesibini imiba ebaluleke kakhulu: uhlobo uThixo ngokunxulumene wakhe ehlabathini emhlabeni, inkululeko yabantu kunye iinjongo zikarhulumente.

trace Bright Dzhordano Bruno

Kwinqanaba lesithathu (kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVI.), Ifilosofi uphuhliso Renaissance isicelo kwihlabathi yabantu eziyingqongileyo, ukutolika entsha imithetho yokuziphatha oluntu kunye nemithetho yendalo.

nezokuziphatha ezinikelwe "amava" Michel de Montaigne, apho imizekelo kujongwane neemeko ezithile yokuziphatha kwaye linikezela ngeengcebiso ukuba baziphathe njani. Kuyamangalisa ukuba Montaigne, akachasi amava ezizukulwaneni kule ncwadi, ikwazile ukwakha imfundiso, ezinxulumene namhlanje.

nani zokomfuziselo bulumko zendalo kwinkulungwane XVI. Waba UGIORDANO Bruno. Umbhali zefilosofi kunye nemisebenzi zenzululwazi, akazange ukunqaba ngemvelo yobuThixo, ezama ukuba uliqonde kakuhle indalo kunye cosmogony. Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'On unobangela, isiqalo single "sobulumko ngelithi ukuba indalo yenye (it ngokubanzi umqondo engundoqo yeemfundiso zakhe), ukugogeka ongenasiphelo. iimpawu ngokubanzi intanda-Renaissance kwi UGIORDANO Bruno ubonakala umdibaniso iingcinga pantheism, intanda zendalo anthropocentrism yophando lwenzululwazi. Waqiqa ukuba indalo sinikezwe umphefumlo, kucacile ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe eguqukayo. UThixo - oku iyafana naleyo indalo - ukuba ayipheli kwaye ulingana omnye komnye. Injongo uphendlo yabantu - self-yophuculo, yaye ekugqibeleni indlela ukuya Eyokuqiqa kaThixo.

iziphetho jikelele

Olu hlobo ezifunyenwe Inqanaba lokugqibela le-bulumko le Renaissance. Abameli ngokufutshane kuye kuchazwe ngayo kwiincwadi zakhe njengoko ukuvuseleleka ngayo ingqondo yomntu, njengoko inkululeko ukusuka ebumnyameni yengcinezelo nokungafundi abanegunya. It kulazi ixabiso nokubaluleka bonke ubomi bomntu. Ngoko ke linokuchazwa ngokufutshane intanda-Renaissance. abameli balo abazange zobulumko nje kuphela, kodwa wasebenza entsimini of Sciences zendalo njengoko Dzhordano Bruno okhankanywe ngentla, kwakunye UGalileo Galilei kunye uNikolay Kopernik. amehlo abo angena esibhakabhakeni pantheism, uphawu kwizizukulwana zangaphambili. Ke wachaza uThixo akusekho nje nendalo, kodwa kunye nendalo engenasiphelo. Inkcazelo emfutshane ye-bulumko le Renaissance kwi XVI-XVII eminyaka. Oku kuquka kuphela ingcamango pantheism kunye quest zendalo-bulumko, kodwa ke uphuhliso ngakumbi iimbono humanistic. Ixesha ifuna abantu intuthuko eqhubekayo, uxanduva kunye nesibindi ekufuneni intsingiselo ubomi emhlabeni kunye nohlobo sobuthixo sezinto zonke.

Kuba iminyaka emininzi kubhaliwe yaphandwa lesayensi intanda-Renaissance. iimpawu ngokubanzi ishwankathelwe kwimibhalo Dilteya Vilgelma, ababhali-mbali Russian - Buychik, Luchinina, Losev.