Ezolimi. Zezikhamiso izandi, nokubekwa lwezikhamiso

Wonke ilizwi ulwimi Russian kukho izikhamiso. Ucalulo lwezikhamiso bafunda kuphela ezikolweni kodwa kwiiyunivesithi. Le ulwazi olufumaneka kweli nqaku, kuluncedo kakhulu kubafundi-Philologists. Ngenxa yakhe, bakwazi ukufunda izisekelo nefonetiki ngolwimi Russian. Eli nqaku kwakhona izibakala eziliqela umdla malunga izikhamiso.

Izandi zamazwi kunye Ezolimi. ulwazi jikelele

Ezolimi (Ezolimi) - isayensi lifunda le okanye olo lwimi, kwakunye nemisebenzi yayo, isakhiwo lwangaphakathi kunye nemithetho nokusebenza yayo. Ezolimi ngokusondeleyo namanye amacandelo ezininzi zobomi kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi wonke umntu. Ezolimi into edibene imbali, zakudala, ezizwe, uncwadi, ngezengqondo, amalungu, uLungiselelo nefilosofi.

Iileta ukufunda izandi zamazwi. Ucalulo lwezikhamiso, consonants thaca kule sebe yenzululwazi. Izandi zamazwi, njengenxalenye Ezolimi, nalo ukufunda amalungu, nendibaniselwano isandi kunye neepateni eziwafaka. Le inzululwazi kwasekwa ngenkulungwane ye-17. indalo balo ngenxa imfuneko yemfundo izithulu-kufihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba ekuqaleni ingcamango ive lwezikhamiso.

zezikhamiso izandi

Ukuhlelwa zezikhamiso izandi zolwimi Russian kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iingcali zeelwimi. ekuqaleni kwayo ukufunda esikolweni, kodwa umyalelo eneenkcukacha inikwa kuphela kubafundi-Philologists. Izikhamiso - yenye iintlobo izandi, ekwenziweni apho umoya akuthethi nazo imiqobo ebonakalayo. Ngoko ke uxinzelelo olukhulu idaliwe phezu kwingqula.

Acoustically kuhambisana zezikhamiso izandi owayebonakala oscillation ngamaxesha athile. Ucalulo lwezikhamiso kunye izandi bahlule iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zichazwe kweli nqaku. Umahluko kuhambisana akunakufezekiswa utshintsho ukuma ibinomthwebeba. Ngolwimi Russian kukho 10 izikhamiso.

Izikhamiso ngenxa kuhambisana ive kwakhona ngokuba izandi zomculo. Ngaphantsi kwabo nazo zibandakanya iincwadi kufuneka isandi efanayo. Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "izikhamiso".

iimpawu lwezikhamiso

Zezikhamiso izandi kunye nokuhlelwa yabo ezinye iimpawu ezifanayo. Babesazi yonke yolwimi. Eli nqaku lichaza ezinye zazo:

1. Uphawu lokuqala - unyuko. Oku kuhambisana ulwimi lomzimba nkqo. Kukho iintlobo ezine recovery zezi: Upper; zamabanga aphezulu; yee-ezantsi; asezantsi. Ayizizo zonke iilwimi zifunyanwa zonke iintlobo iilifti. Ngokomzekelo, ngolwimi Russian, kukho mnye kuphela eliphakathi-ups.
2. Enye into - inani. Kuchazwa ngokuthi indawo ulwimi oxwesileyo ngexesha ekwenziweni. Kukho uthotho ezintathu: Front; avareji; diff.
3. izikhamiso Labialization ezinxulumene nale ngcamango bomlomo. Umzekelo, izandi labial ekhankanyiweyo ngekulula imilebe phambili.
4. Phonation linxulunyaniswa Intshukumo imisipha.

Ukuhlelwa ive lwezikhamiso

Zonke zikhamiso akhiwa ngokusebenzisa kwithoni yelizwi. Iiplastiki zombini ukothuka kunye unstressed. Kuxhomekeke kwindawo yabo igama elithile. Kuxhomekeka oku, izikhamiso kuthiwa ukubabomelele, bangamaphakuphaku. Kwimeko yokugqibela'beeps ezimfutshane uThandeka. Xa ziphimisele ingafuneki ukuqina imisipha. izikhamiso Strong sound elide ngakumbi. Xa egweba isidingo sabo zizame yakho yezwi.

Nangezwi lwezikhamiso - oko nesamorazlichitelnaya isici. Oko inako ukugqithisela imeko ngokweemvakalelo yesithethi okanye intsingiselo ngokwegrama ibinzana okanye isivakalisi. Umzekelo, ukuba zogxininiso, izikhamiso ethwele intsingiselo mkhulu, ndilithethile ilizwi eliphezulu.

Le ncwadi ibalaseleyo ukufunda nefonetiki zolwimi Russian

Ucalulo lwezikhamiso kunye consonants kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufundeni ulwimi Russian. Kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise iincwadi ezongezelelweyo ekufundiseni. Nje kwenzeka, kuba ukuze bafunde nefonetiki ngokupheleleyo, kufuna isixa esikhulu ixesha kunye nomgudu. Ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa uncwadi ezizodwa zemfundo esemgangathweni kunokwenzeka. Eli nqaku lidwelisa ncwadi intle, apho Ulwahlulo lwezikhamiso kunye consonants.

Incwadi ethi "Ifonetiki lolwimi mihla Russian", ogama umbhali - Bulanin LL, idibanisa ubuchule inkcazelo yolwimi Russian ezisekelwe kwiimbono jikelele kweelwimi kunye phonetic isikolo L. V. Scherby. Olu papasho - incwadi abafundi philology. Le ncwadi osondeza ikhondo theoretical component ulwimi Russian. Iqulethe izahluko ezisithoba.

"Ulwimi Russian Ifonetiki morphology Upelo ..." - enye zezifundo kakhulu. AI Moiseev - umbhali. Iqulathe iphepha 254 ngezinto theoretical component. Le ncwadi ichaza kuphela ulwahlulohlulo izandi zentetho (izikhamiso, amaqabane), kodwa ke ngenxa morphology kunye yokubhala. Injongo yale ncwadana yoqeqesho kukuphucula ulwazi nobungcali lukatitshala abafundi zolwimi kunye philology Russian.

Le ncwadi "unobumba zentsapho zolwimi Russian" yapapashwa ngo-1980. Umbhali walo - Kolesov V. V. Le ncwadi iqulethe iphepha 214. Lichaza ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo phonetic zolwimi Russian. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwiinkqubo iilwimi zonke-Russian. Yonke ingcaciso enikwe kule ncwadi, exhaswa izinto eziyinyaniso kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.

"Ifonetiki of Language Modern Russian" - incwadi ogama Umbhali Girzheva GN It yapapashwa ngonyaka eyadlulayo. Injongo yale ncwadi - ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo yabafundi kwenkqubo isandi umsebenzi zolwimi, ngokunjalo ukwenza ingqikelelo kweeyunithi odiyo.

iingcali zeelwimi ezininzi iminyaka emininzi lokuhlola izandi zentetho. Ucalulo lwezikhamiso kwakunye consonants - ukuba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kuba umthamo olupheleleyo ulwazi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iincwadi ezongezelelweyo.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga zezikhamiso izandi "a" yaye "o"

Izikhamiso "a" yenye engundoqo kunye ixhaphakileyo ngeelwimi ezininzi zehlabathi. Oku into yokuqala ukufunda ukubiza usana olusanda kuzalwa. Iingcali zithi ukuba isandi "a" kusegazini ngokupheleleyo zonke iilwimi zeli hlabathi. Hi ndlela leyi, ku Ubykh nguye izikhamiso kuphela. on umqondiso iingcali zikholelwa ukuba bonke oonobumba zivela 'a'.

Le leta "a" abe imvelaphi yaseFenike, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ishedyuli amagama amaninzi, yena uchazwa unxantathu umnqamlezo phakathi. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba limela intloko yenkomo. Le ibhokhwe le wazukiswa ngawo. E ubuKristu, izikhamiso "a" libhekisela amanxeba ezintlanu kaYesu Kristu.

Isandi "o" yeyona mandulo. Le ncwadi yinxalenye oonobumba yamaFenike abangaphezu kwama-3 ezingamawaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngoko, uye ayikatshintshi. Ibandla kunye oonobumba besiCyrillic yokuqala ileta iyalila "kwi".

Le leta "e", "e", "w", "I"

indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa izikhamiso kulwimi Russian. Ucalulo lwezikhamiso kuvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba ukulibiza kakuhle igama elithile. Le leta "e", "e", "w", "Mna", nto leyo ibekwe emva ngeqabane ukubonisa ukuthamba yayo. Kulo mzekelo, bamele isandi esitsha.

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba unobumba "e", "e", "w", "Mna" kwezinye iimeko kumela 2 izandi. Oku kwenzeka xa omnye wabo ibekwe ekuqaleni ilizwi. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "fir" iyalila [def] l. Le ncwadi a izandi ezimbalwa apho ukuba ibekwe emva noonone. Umzekelo, a CTLI. imeko enjalo phonetic kwakhona kwenzeka kwimeko emva zezikhamiso na uphawu nzima okanye ethambileyo.

Le leta 's "kunye bupheliswe

Umsindo "y" kuyinto noonone. Oku kubanga ukuba ukuswela ukuqonda ngakwicala lizwe abanqwenela ukufunda ulwimi Russian. Baye kwithuba elide uqeqesho ningaqondi ukulibiza isandi. Phonology zichaza kuye ngesikhamiso close esembindini unrounded. Le isandi ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi zehlabathi.

Umsindo "s" isasazwe phakathi Mongols kunye nezizwe eTurkey. iiyantlukwano Zvukosmyslovye oonobumba 's "kunye" yaye "ukwenza uthotho entsha yamagama nesigama.

Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, Vladimir Zhirinovsky iye kucetywa ukususa unobumba 's "ulwimi Russian. Uthi oko zingekho naluphi na ulwimi yaseYurophu. Kwaye ayikwazi ukuthetha, hayi kuphela bolunye uhlanga, kodwa abantwana. Iingcali zithi ukubatshabalalisa oonobumba kunye nesandi ingaba, kodwa kuya kudala kuphela iingxaki ngolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo.

Ezinye iingcali athi iphazamise uphuhliso lolwimi phonetic akunakwenzeka. isakhiwo sandi kwasekwa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ngokwazo, yaye nolwimi lwakhe uchaza ngokwayo.

Iminyaka emininzi, uMenzi amaqabane kunye izikhamiso. Ukuhlelwa izikhamiso, amaqabane kunye nophuhliso zabo zichazwe ezininzi amaphepha enzululwazi Philologists izazi.

Isifundo lwezikhamiso

Uphononongo lwezikhamiso kubangela ubunzima ebantwaneni. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezivumela abazali nootitshala ukuba ukufunda umntwana ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Ukuze bafundise abantwana ukuba bafunde ngokuthi amalungu, kubalulekile ukuba nazi, ukwahlula phakathi izikhamiso. Isifundo sokuqala kubalulekile ukufunda umntwana ngaphantsi iileta-4. Bonke kufuneka kuprintwa koonotsheluza. Ngexesha isifundo, umntwana kufuneka kusoloko ukubabona. Kubalulekile kuphela ukubonisa ileta kodwa angaxeli. Ngoko ke umntwana uya kuyikhumbula abangaboniyo kunye eziviwayo.

Kwisifundo yesibini, kubalulekile ukuphinda sele bafunda iileta uqhubeke ukufunda ezimbini ngaphezulu. Ukuqhelanisa umntwana kunye izikhamiso na izifundo ezi-5.

UPawulos

ngendima enkulu edlalwa izikhamiso kulwimi Russian. Ucalulo lwezikhamiso Ngoku uyazi. Iza kuba luncedo nje ngeelwimi, kodwa abo abanomdla kuphuhliso nefonetiki ngolwimi Russian. Xa uqeqesho kwakhona kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iincwadi ezongezelelweyo.