Ifomula yesoda yokubhaka. Isoda: Formula isicelo

Ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ukususela izinto ubuntwana phantse ilikhubalo lokunyanga izifo ezininzi izifo. Nje wonke umntu uyayazi loo nto. Omnye ephindeneyo yesiqhelo nesoda yokubhaka, ligcinwa kwikhabhinethi nganye ekhitshini. Kubonakala ukuba ayikho nje neendlela zokuphucula umgangatho ukubhaka, kodwa amayeza, degreaser, iblitshi kunye nearhente kwabulawa. Yazi nge iyeza iinkcukacha.

Le khemikhali basis of soda

Igama ilungile kule uqhagamshelo ngokwemiqathango chemistry - sodium yesoda. Kukho ezinye amagama ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla chemistry ukuchaza le nto:

• sodium yesoda;
• nokubhaka soda;
• nokubhaka soda;
• sodium yesoda;
• E additive 500.

Nangona kunjalo, naziphi na kubo zibonakalisa kakuhle oyinyaniso kuphela - a soda.

Le ndlela yokubala enokwehla

Ifomula yesoda yokubhaka - NaHCO _3. Oko kukuthi, ngemvelo ukwimo - yinto ityiwa asidi, enxulumene kudidi lwe acid. Ekubeni umchiza eyenziwe kwealkali eyomeleleyo kunye asidi, ngoko yi haydrolisis (in isisombululo zolwelo) ukuya obrak basabela medium. Isisombululo yesoda yokubhaka xa amanzi pH 8.1. ityuwa acid ifumaneka lula ukusekwa ngokuhlanganisa sodium hayidroksayidi kunye asidi, inkqubo oluvakaliswe equation ilandelayo:

NaOH + H ₂ CO ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O

Le ndlela yokubala somgaqo-nesoda yokubhaka lubonisa ukwakhiwa ubunjani kunye ubungakanani umchiza ngokusekelwe apho kunokwenziwa isigqibo kubume bendawo kwi molecule kakuhle icala zesiqinisekiso yi Na ⁺ endle lwangaphandle kwaye kwaku- kakubi ityala, HCO _{hydrogencarbonate-3} - kwigumbi langaphakathi.

carbon ingaphezulu lokudidiyela ngeenxa ngokwayo athom ioksijini ezintathu, enye yazo eyenza ibhondi kabini. Kwakhona, omnye athom ioksijini eqhagamshelwe ifomu zesiqinisekiso hydrogen gidroksogrupp. I-atom ioksijini yesithathu ngohlobo sodium ion enxulumene zesiqinisekiso elikufutshane. Ngoko ke, lo valency labuyisela isiqalelo ngasinye ekulelona compound elinikiweyo.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Enoba igama esikunike le nto ayikho - ukubhaka soda, ukusela, carbonate, sodium yesoda - ifomula oko enye kwaye kunika uluvo lokuba ezi iipropati emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, ukubonakala ash - ngumgubo ocolekileyo. umbala wawo omhlophe. Kuyinto enyibilikayo emanzini nangokusebenzayo ezingenakunyibilika kwi izinyibilikisi eziphilayo (utywala, umzekelo). Ngaphandle akukho ibolile. Iqala ukubola kwi ephakamileyo kokugquma ukufuma. Iimveliso ekungafuneki epheleleyo kunye lobushushu eliphumayo sodium carbonate (umyinge ityuwa), icarbon dioxide namanzi:

NaHCO ₃ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + CO ₂ + H ₂ O

Sodium yesoda akukho ivumba, isongo kancinane, isongo ne kwealkali. Xa unyityilikiswa emanzini, linika izisombululo-alkali ze ezahlukeneyo Zeziqalelo.

inkcazelo emfutshane malunga ngembali ngexesha lokufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa soda

Ulwazi lokuqala malunga sodium yesoda nabo kwi impucuko yamandulo eYiputa. Kungenxa kwezo ndawo amachibi ezininzi ziqulethe imithombo yendalo soda zaye zasasazwa. Xa womise kwelwandle wanika soda ngohlobo ngumgubo emhlophe, kodwa abantu lwaqokelelwa kuyo. AmaYiputa wasebenzisa njengendlela component ekwenziweni iindlela bomisa. Ifomula yesoda yokubhaka ngoko belingekafiki kwaziwa.

Ngokukhethekileyo, njengokuba izinto imichiza compound uye wafunda lukhulu kamva, ngeenxa kwinkulungwane XVIII. Loko izazinzulu unomdla kulo umgubo ekwenzeka ngokwendalo ngokwemvelo. Uhlalutyo kuqamba ngenyameko ukuba ukujonga ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani kwicandelo compound. Oku yindlela indlela mihla nesoda yokubhaka.

igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhliseni ulwazi lwengqiqo kwezinto kunye iipropati oluboniswe kubo yaziswa ngugqirha Italian Tullio Simoncini. KuYe ngokaYehova amalinge, iziphumo apho soda - ukhetho unyango kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza. Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, idatha echanekileyo, oku iqinisekisa apho.

izicelo

Ngenxa iyakwazi kulungile ukunyibilika emanzini zisenokuxabana asidi ukwenza indlela carbon dioxide, soda isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi zoshishino kunye nendlu. Oko kukuthi, ezifana:

• pharmaceutics nemithi;
• lweshishini lemichiza;
• imboni ukukhanya;
• yokudla.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha nganye kwezi nkalo.

Ngawo amayeza

Okona kubalulekileyo, yintoni na sisiseko ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi amayeza - kukuba layo ukubuyisa uzinzo zolwelo-alkali ze kwi lokugaya. Compound NaHCO ₃ ubalisa kunyango esesiwini. Formula ukubhaka soda ibonisa ubukho ion hayidroksayidi, enza umsebenzi lwaze ubumuncu emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, inkoliso umxube wamanzi sodium yesoda isetyenziswa ukuze kupheliswe iimpawu heartburn. Noko ke, asiyiyo indawo kuphela izifo, apho kusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

1. Xa unyango yesoda ifiva baking nokuphelisa ukhohlokhohlo njengoko lukhuthaza yokunyibilika kunye nokususwa isikhohlela evela imiphunga kunye bronchi. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba wenze inhalations ne-SARS.
2. Njengoko arhente bactericidal anti-ukudumba kwaye kananjalo kusetyenziswa nesoda yokubhaka. Ifomula ngayo ibonisa ubukho ukuse- hydrogen H ^+, olunikezela oku.
3. Kuba unyango lwezifo sentliziyo (lwegazi kunye arrhythmia) lisebenza isisombululo ezibuthathaka sodium yesoda emanzini.
4. Xa sorhudo kunye nokugabha, ukusetyenziswa yesoda yokubhaka netyuwa kunye likuvumela ukuba bazalise reserve amanzi emzimbeni kunye ukubuyisela imali eseleyo kuyimfuneko.
5. Le into unako ukutshabalalisa izifo fungal, ngoko isetyenziselwa sokususwa fungi unyawo ukwenza douching isisombululo thrush, wahlamba inflammations iso conjunctiva.
6. Ngenxa iimpawu wasebenzisa yesoda mhlophe dentifrice.
7. isisombululo obuthathaka ishenxisa pruritus kwi irhashalala (okanye impovane).
8. betshisa Treatment isidanga sokuqala.
9. Akumkhululi umzimba iityuwa metal enzima.
10. Oku kwenzeka isiqabu stress kunye ukudinwa, kwakunye ndahlukane umzimba ngokusebenzisa ibhafu yamanzi ashushu kunye NaHCO _3, ne-oyile ezibalulekileyo.

Amancedo kunye neengozi ukubhaka soda xa esetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango, kuqukwa izithambiso, uthi lukhulu. Umthetho engundoqo basisebenzise esi sixhobo, kwakunye nayiphi na eminye imithi - batyeshelwe iingcebiso balawule. Ukusebenzisa kakubi kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo.

Isoda: ifomula kwaye usebenzise kushishino khemikhali

Eyona ndawo sodium yesoda isetyenziswa apho, - a chemistry yekhaya. Soda abe a imiphezulu isicoci wobulali esirhabaxa kunye bamafutha. Kwakhona ke kusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada ekuvelisweni iidayi, ugwebu kunye nemixube fluoride. Ngaphezu koko, ngokusekelwe NaHCO ₃ zenziwe arhente zokucima.

Awukwazi ukucinga oko ziye ngaphandle iikhemikhali ndyangu sodium yesoda. Isoda yokubhaka - yingxenye ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko syntheses ezininzi chemical.

imboni ukukhanya

Kuba unyango kumphezulu ekwenziweni irabha, ekuncothukeni kweentende zeenyawo irabha kunye neemveliso basebenzisa soda. Ifomula, ukusetyenziswa, umonakalo kunye neenzuzo sodium yesoda kwishishini ekukhanyeni - ngesihloko zokufunda. Ngokufutshane, indima NaHCO _3, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ekwenziweni yemiqhaphu ngesikhumba ngumntu. Kulo mzekelo, umonakalo esibonakaliswa inkangeleko amanxeba xa edibana iziyobisi inde kakhulu kwaye nezandla zakhe abazange ezikhuselweyo. Inzuzo kukuba soda - a Ukongeza enkulu degreaser ngenxa kwezikhumba ulusu kunye nemveliso yayo, kwakunye amalaphu iblitshi elungileyo kwishishini alukiweyo.

ishishini elihambisayo ukutya

Formula ukubhaka soda chemistry uyibonakalisa kakuhle iinkqubo ngayo nee-asidi. Umzekelo, inxaki ilandelayo luchazwa zakudibana acetic acid:

NaHCO ₃ + CH ₃ COOH = CH ₃ COONa + H ₂ CO ₃

Oku kwenza asidi, ukuba sibi kakhulu kwangoko abole abe CO ₂ no H ₂ O. Kuyinto kule reactions ezisekelwe flow ethile kunye nokusetyenziswa sodium yesoda kwishishini kokutya. Ngapha koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba imveliso nesoda yokubhaka ukuze ukucima iviniga, ukongeza lo mxube intlama for porosity layo kunye esakhiweni engcono. Soda icima abasabela ngayo uhlobo neutralization reaction kwaye lukhatshwa isiphumo sewayini emangalisayo kunye hi.

Ukusetyenziswa soda ngokwenza amaqebengwana ezithambileyo kakhulu, aqholiweyo, ezintle, ngoko yokudla - enye amacandelo aphambili apho yeetoni wayesebenzisa lo mgubo. Kwakhona, sodium yesoda isetyenziswa ukubhaka, ekwenziweni iimveliso ezahlukeneyo confectionery. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa ukwenza amaqamza igesi nezihlwahlwazayo (amanzi abengezelayo, iwayini ehlwahlwazayo kunye newayini abengezelayo, amanzi bezimbiwa).

Ukubhaka soda: iimpawu kunye nonyango. Yingozi kunye Izimo

Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa soda ngokubanzi ezahlukeneyo kwamashishini kunye nobomi, njengoko sele sibonile ngaphambili. zonyango esingaqhelekanga, elwa, bleaches, iimpawu zayo oludambisa ephilisa ezisetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Noko ke, njengokuba nayo nayiphi na eminye imithi, nathi sibe isoda kunye wacezela phaya. may yingozi kakhulu kwaye iyingozi empilweni kuyo. izinto ezibonisa ukuba uyisebenzise zisekuhleni kanye, kodwa kubalulekile, kwaye Izimo, apho siza kuhlolisisa ngakumbi.

Yingozi kunye Izimo

Umntu Ukucengceleza izizathu ezimbalwa ezisisiseko koloko ku nga abe lutshaba kunokuba umhlobo nomncedi.

1. Nokusebenzisa elide isisombululo kwenzeka ngaphakathi isiphumo nkobe asidi. Le yinkqubo apho imali ezingaphezu carbon dioxide yakhululwa emzimbeni, kukhokelela ekukhuleni asidi gazootvedeniyu nokwanda, ukuqumba.
2. contact Long idibene nomgubo kunokubangela ukuluma krwada.
3. Qhagamshelana ne owomileyo yesoda umgubo emehlweni, empumlweni okanye ezinye kwiinwebu unobangela yomzimba ukutsha imichiza.
4. Xa usebenzisa olungumgubo mhlophe amazinyo kwaye yonakaliswa ukubhitya izinyo lwawo.
5. ukusetyenziswa rhoqo of NaHCO ₃ ngaphakathi kunokubangela imvakalelo isicaphucaphu kaThixo ongenalusini.

Ngoko ke, kuyacaca ukuba asingabo kuphela indima ethembisayo edlalwa soda umntu. Iinzuzo tywaleni zonyango - na izinto antsonkothileyo. Phambi kokuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi sodium yesoda ngenxa ndahlukane izifo ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka adibane nogqirha. Ukuba soda isetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla (ukucoca imiphandle, zibe mhlophe ngayo amalaphu njalo njalo), kufuneka lokukhathalela ndlela ezisisiseko yokhuseleko lweeprogram ezingezoze-ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.