Ifowntics yisayensi yezandi

Ulwimi luyinkqubo yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kwiissystems ezilula kunye ezinzima. I-Phonetics yinqanaba eliphantsi kweelwimi, njengoko liphonononga iiyunithi zecala elilodwa-izandi, iifowuni, iiyunithi eziphezulu, ukugxininisa kunye nesandi. Igama layo livela kwiLizwi lesiGrike, elithetha ukuvakala, ilizwi, isandi, intetho. I-Phonetics ikwahlukana kweelwimi, apho le nxalenye yolwimi ifundwa ngayo kunye nayo yonke into ehambelana nayo: izandi zentetho, ukudibanisa kwazo kunye noshintsho lwezithuba, ukuveliswa kwezandi ngesithethi kunye nokubona kwabo ngumphulaphuli, kunye neempawu zengqungquthela evakalayo yolwimi ngokubanzi kunye nenkqubo yesandi kunye nokubiza Iimpawu zolwimi ngalunye.

Izixhobo zeefowuni:

- Uluntu kunye nolwangasese. Ukufunda ngokubanzi iifowuni zifundise imigaqo yesakhiwo segobolondo ephilileyo, ngokungakhathaliseki ulwimi. Ifowuni ye-Privatetics yi-phonetics yeelwimi nganye.
- Imbali kunye neyemihla. Iifowuni zomlando zifundwa yintoni imigaqo yeefowuni eyenziwa ngolwimi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwaye yintoni na iimpembelelo zazo ezigcinwe kulwimi ngoku. Ifowuni yee-modern ifunda imeko yelona lwimi ngeli xesha.
- Iingcali kunye novavanyo.

I-Phonetics ayilona nje izinga leelwimi kunye necandelo leelwimi: okubizwa ngokuba yi-mvulophu ephilileyo yolwimi nayo ibizwa ngokuba. Ngaloo ngqiqo, ifundwe kule miba elandelayo:

1. I-Acoustic. Oku kukhangeleka kwigobolondo elivakalayo yolwimi kwisimo somphulaphuli. Kulo mbandela, omnye ufundisisa oko umntu akuva xa eqonda ulwazi lwenkokheli. Umbala we-acoustic uchaza umgangatho ozwakalayo: unokuphakama othile, ukuvama kwezibilini, isiqu kunye nezinye izakhiwo zomzimba.

2. I-Articulatory. Into ephandwayo apha isicatshulwa kwimbono yesithethi, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi wezitho zentetho ekuvelweni kwesandi ngasinye.

Ifowntics icinga izandi kwizinto ezintathu:

- Physical. Ibhekisela kwimpawu eziphathekayo zesandi.

- I-Articulatory (anatomical and physiological). Iquka iimpawu ze-anatomical kunye nezobugcisa zentetho, izakhiwo ezixubileyo zezandi, iimpawu zesakhiwo sezixhobo zokuthetha, ukuhlelwa kwezikhenkce kunye neendononti ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo.

- IiPhonological (ezentlalo). Kule nqanaba, kukho uxhulumaniso phakathi kokuqonda kunye noluntu. Iyunithi eyisiseko yale nqanaba - i-phoneme - luhlobo lwesandi esilondolozwayo ekukhunjweni, kunye nokuqhagamshelana kwezandi eziphathekayo kunye nale ngqungquthela.

Nangona i-apparatus yezinto ezichazwayo kuzo zonke iintlanga ihlelwe ngokungaqhelekanga, iilwimi ezahlukileyo zihluke kakhulu kwii-fonetiki. Ngokomzekelo, i-English phonetics, ngokungafani neRussia, ayiyazi indlela yokugcoba izitondiyo phambi kwezithulu, kwaye ngaphezu koko: kuba yinto ehlukile kwimpawu ze-semantic. Kwakhona ngesiNgesi, njengakwamanye, iindumvu ezide kunye nezifutshane zivakalayo, eziseRashiya aziphatheli umthwalo we-semantic. Kwaye iifenethi zaseSpain zihambisa zombini ngaphandle kokubuthathaka izikhalazo ezingagxininisekanga, kwaye ngaphandle kokunciphisa izandi eziqhelekileyo phambi kweelwimi kunye ne-e. Nangona kunjalo, akukho sandi eSpanish.