Yintoni neengcibi? Intsingiselo yegama elithi "onobu bugcisa"

Umntu kudala wabandakanyeka ukuvelisa izinto ezidingekayo ukuze iimfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye nobomi obutofotofo ngakumbi. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama uku bana phandle ukwenza seengcibi. Yiyiphi imisebenzi baba kuqala. Makhe sithethe ngokufutshane malunga neempawu izinto kunye nobuchwepheshe indlela ezahlukeneyo.

meaning

Phantsi kolu luvo ifihla imveliso amancinci izinto ezohlukeneyo ngesandla. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla emveliso. Ngokufuthi, iziphumo okudalwe iinkosi, ayimveliso ubugcisa kakhulu kwaye kuphela, ngokungafaniyo iimpahla yabathengi sicinezelweyo.

Yomsebenzi wezandla - umntu ibandakanyeka kwimveliso manual yezinto. Kusenokuba iziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo (journeyman, iiforimani, intloko yesebe), ukwenza iimveliso uku-odola okanye ukuthengisa. Lwalo lokuqala inxulumene yobungcali abanezakhono, ngeli owesibini ngaphambili baqala uqeqesho kwabasaqalayo.

Iingcibi benza ngamaxesha ezahlukeneyo imbali, siza kuxubusha ngakumbi, kwaye ngoku uluhlu eziphambili iintlobo imisebenzi enxulumene nolu shishino.

Yonke iqukiwe imihlaba izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ubomi obutofotofo, oko kudala eziveliswa seengcibi. Le iintlobo ngeentlobo iimveliso ezivela zesinyithi (blacksmithing), udongwe (lombumbi), isikhumba nezintsu (Kozhumyaki), amatye anqabileyo nesinyithi non-ayoni (bejewellery, engravers, bathezi kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi).

Makhe sibone, yintoni kwamagcisa kwihlabathi lamandulo kunye Ages Aphakathi.

Processing metal

I metal yokuqala ukuba abantu oye wafunda ukusingatha, iye zezobhedu. Xa amangcwaba ooFaro ezi imizobo iindlela ndiyabanyibilikisa le nto. A Iziko encinane kunye nelitye osicaba endaweni ihamile. Noko ke, xa primitiveness ngathi, iimveliso kude ladlula ixesha. Ingakumbi siya kugxininisa oku xa ufika bejewellery.

Kamva kwafika lobhedu, xa siye safunda ingxubevange sobhedu nenkcenkce. Imifanekiso kunye neempahla, izixhobo kunye nezacholo, imilenze ifanitshala kunye izivatho ingxubevange. Nantso into kwamagcisa abandakanyeke eYiputa yamandulo.

Ekupheleni kobukumkani koFaro ezifunyenweyo yokuqala yesinyithi, kodwa kwaba sekunjalo imali eninzi kakhulu yaye kuphela. uphuhliso Kuyanda le ndaba kuMbindi Ages.

Yurophu, iRashiya, i-Middle East baba iinkosi edumileyo, ngubani kweli xesha wadala ezinjalo yobuciko ukuba nanamhlanje abayi-phindwa. Umzekelo, eDamasko ngentsimbi. ixesha elide kakhulu yaye incakuba bhetyebhetye. Njengoko lo gama nabakhandi bazuza ngqo ubudlelwane kunye nisondelelane metal ungqameko enjalo isekhona akukacaci.

Ukusebenza ukhuni

Umchweli idumileyo kufuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe uKristu. Noko ke, ukuze kakuhle yavelisa izinto ezizodwa. Ngokubanzi, kwihlabathi lamandulo yaye uthi kumaxesha, yaba umbandela ixhaphakileyo.

Imikhumbi, izakhiwo kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi esetyenziselwa iinkuni iimfuno zabo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya emizini abadlulayo zazenziwe ngamaplanga kunye logs. Ifenitshala kunye nendlu neempahla, izinto zokudlala, amabhakethi, iinqwelo, kunye noomatshini kamva - zonke ezazakhiwe kweenkuni.

Jewelcrafting

umsebenzi olandelayo ngakumbi ibonakalisa intsingiselo yegama elithi "onobu bugcisa". Apha umninindlu ukuba umsebenzi olunzulu nzima ukwenza ubucwebe namalungu amancinane kakhulu.

Nokuba eYiputa, iingcali granulated igolide wayibhinqa ngawo ukugqiba isiciko sarcophagus ukuze iingcali mihla nimangaliswe inikwe kuphela. Bakwazi ukudibanisa iibhola ngaphandle nentwana olubonakalayo azikhuli. Abahle sheets zegolide egubungela eqingqiweyo, okumangalisayo iimpawu ezicacileyo amadoda omncinane kunye nezilwanyana, oonodoli mechanical. Zonke ezi izimanga kwaye nto yabothusa abantu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona its been iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka.

Ngoko ke yintoni iingcibi eYiputa yamandulo, ngokucacileyo eziboniswe iindonga amangcwaba ooFaro. Abaqingqi baba ziinkosi ubugcisa babo. Ngapha koko, izazinzulu ngoku phantse ngaphandle umgudu kwanciphisa umjikelo imveliso imiyalelo ezinjalo.

Ngo-Russia, i bejewellery kwakukho imbeko ekhethekileyo. Abathetheli kuxhaswe kwaye bakhuthaza iingcali kolu shishino. okubonakalayo wayewathenga kwamanye amazwe, kuba, njengoko imveliso ezinjalo, izinyithi ezingezo-ayoni wayengekho izilawuli. Eyona ndlela kakhulu oluphambili uye wagxothwa, neengcibi ngokuba "Zlatarov" yaye "wesilivere", kuxhomekeka eziphathekayo.

Leatherworking

Eyokuqala ezibonakalayo ukuze imveliso yokunxiba. Ndingathini ndithi njani?
Ukuba abantu e Stone Age masisetyenziselwe ukuhlawula khumba kalukhuni, athungwe, ngoko, ukususela eYiputa, ukuba sele siqalisile ukwenza, lube nje ukubhitya, ayiqabe kwaye ihonjiswe.

Le izinto wawusetyenziswa saddlers kunye furriers, saddlers kunye tulniki (benza umphongolo), bezicathulo kunye baziinkosi ekuveliseni Morocco ekulobeni.
Armorer edalwe namabala yesikhumba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukukhanya isikrweqe eliphakathi. Ngelo ingcibi kamva wavelisa iintlobo riveted isikrweqe, yaye kuphela emva amabhanti iinxalenye nisondelelane metal isuti.
Kwakhona ibonisa ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yegama elithi "onobu bugcisa". Ngapha koko, xa uhlolisisa ngenyameko currying methodology, sinako ukubona ukuba ixesha elide kwaba kuphela ngesandla.

Ekuqaleni, nyulu izinto zoboya. Ukuze benze oku, iintsuba uphoswe iifatyi okanye kwiibhokisi ngomthi ngekalika. Inqanaba elilandelayo - bed. Waye waphathwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, waxovula izandla zakhe ukuthamba ubuninzi. Ukuba luthambe iphantsi, kungekudala kuza kubakho neentanda.

Okulandelayo, izinto baphathwa kufakwa zocweyo ezahlukeneyo seengcibi.

Weaponsmithing

De kube ngoku, le mveliso zifunwa kakhulu, kwaye zuza ezigidi. Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi blacksmithing - into kuphela ababandakanyekayo amagcisa kumaxesha amandulo. Inani yemveliso ukusetyenziswa emkhosini, ezo abembi, ubonakala nje ngqiqweni kwinqanaba lwemveliso ngaloo minyaka.
Inamakrele ngezinkempe, imikhonto incopho iintolo kunye nezitshixo, imikhonto, rivet kwi yesikhumba isikrweqe kunye nesinxibo metal okuqinileyo. Zonke ezi zinto ngokusondeleyo ukufanisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo yomnini.

Ukuba sithetha ngemipu, kulula ukuba ukudala okanye ukulungisa. Kodwa Armorer wasebenza yobuciko nje. Galela okanye sakha sifuba ekunene ngemfano ikamva umnini wayo, ukuhombisa isihombiso ezahlukeneyo kunye itywina igqibelele yonke amalungu. Ngoko, asinguye wonke igcisa angenza ntoni kumhla wethu.

Ngamakrele eDamasko ziintsimbi, kwaye ngokugqibeleleyo elibukhali katana samurai Japanese, abo nabasebenzi isilika kubhabho. Yonke le mizekelo ibonisa umgangatho olude ophezulu imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa oluncinane kwezibonelelo. Eso bomsebenzi wokwenene. Yiloo nto ichule ukuba siqonde kakuhle eli gama.

zokwakha

Akubuzwa malunga iiphiramidi kunye nezinye zesikhumbuzo omkhulu nabayili yamandulo. Namhlanje, sonke endandimthanda kunye bahlonipha.

Kule ndawo, imveliso idibanisa bezandla eziliqela. Abakhi ngabapeyinti, ngabapeyinti kunye glaziers, joiners nabachweli, ngensimbi. Bonke bephela, indlela enye okanye omnye, aye enza isandla ukwakha izindlu nje kuphela, kodwa ke ematyotyombeni zixhaphakileyo.
Ukuba sithethe eRashiya, ezingontsini log izinto kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa kunye nokugcina imeko efanelekileyo ebomini.

Imizobo eludongeni iinqaba neetempile obonakalisa ukuba amagcisa benza kuphuhliso ixesha waseBhabheli, iYiputa, ithi yamandulo, nezikumkani kamva aphakathi kunye ubukhosi. ngabapeyinti art iyamangalisa. nabo nje kuphela, kodwa zonke iinkosi yexesha, kubonakala ukuba uyayenza nasemaphakadeni onke, nomphefumlo. Ngelishwa, isimo sengqondo esinjalo ukuba umsebenzi wakhe namhlanje kunqabile.

UkuThunga ojikeleza

uhlobo Ngokwenene yesikhomokazi wobugcisa. Ekuqaleni, oko wawungasasebenzi njengomdlalwana nje omncinane osele. Xa kungekho nto yakwenza ngokuhlwa, uza kuba ukuthunga, lazo, ukujikeleza. Ukuthetha, ukuze kuxoxwe ngemiba ngokucindezela.

Kodwa lekhono awehlelwa. Iintsapho ezininzi ngele izinto ezifanayo ukusetyenziswa emakhaya, kodwa kunye nokukhula nokwanda ubudlelwane borhwebo baqalisa ukuvelisa kwamanye amazwe.

Umzekelo, eli laphu yaseFenike idume ehlabathini lonke ngenxa imibala yayo. Ezo into entsha nemfusa ukubona zonke abalawuli. Enyanisweni, ixabiso kuba loo kubunewunewu iphezulu.

mata Oriental kunye namhlanje mangaza kunye nokwahluka yayo. clan nganye okanye engowasizwe namasiko wayo, iipateni, iimilo. Zonke amakhuko ukuba obutofotofo iikhaphethi kunye imfumba elide , unga Wothenga ngabarhwebi.

Kwizinto zakudala kule ngingqi zibonisa ukuba kwamagcisa abandakanyeke eRashiya. Apha, zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa izinto ezifana iflakisi, benemfuyo uboya. Nabaluki bakwazi ukuyila izinto zelinen, aluka twill kunye ezintsonkothileyo.

Kwakhona akhutshwa zoboya ngelaphu babulingana nesandla ezahlukeneyo, kwilinen entle obhityileyo. Mbala kuhluka. ipeyinti ebomvu, eluhlaza, omnyama, omthubi kunye blue Used.

ubumba

Mhlawumbi ke ixhaphake kakhulu kwinani emandulo ifumana msebenzi. Kwaye into elula kunokuba ukwenza umsebenzi wezandla. Konke ufuna ukusebenza - udongwe namanzi.

Indlela mdala zokukhokhela iimpahla - udini elula futhi omisa elangeni. ATHUNYIWEYO Second - ekudaleni isidumbu yeentsasa, nto leyo kamva isale nodongwe.
Okulandelayo saqalisa ukuba aqhumisele imithambo yegazi kufutshane komlilo. Okufunyenweyo buchwepheshe uchazwa ngokulula kakhulu. Ezi iimbiza inkangeleko obuxutywe ngathi eluswini jaguar.
Ukuba ujonga obukhulu kuzo ubugcisa zodongwe ngohlobo zitsha yamaGrike, kunzima ukuba abize loo wobugcisa umsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kusenjalo lena.

Emva koko, kwabakho utshintsho ukusuka udini manual ukuvelisa imveliso kwi ivili zombumbi. Kuyinto ngeli nqanaba eziguquguqukayo nokwakhiwa iinkosi ngokwesini. Ngaphambili, le inxaxheba ngaphezu abafazi, kodwa ngoku izinto zodongwe uba ngumsebenzi eyindoda.

glassmaking

I mncinane kula wobugcisa. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetyenziswe ekuyileni imihombiso ngohlobo amaso eemilo okanye namacici ezahlukeneyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ezo iisampuli wokuqala zifunyenwe ngexesha logwayimbo ngumbane esantini. Ukususela lobushushu eliphezulu ngayo kunyibilike yaye yaba zithutha zeglasi.

Kukholelwa ukuba ngowokuqala ubugcisa ezinjalo kakuhle i wizard yamandulo zaseYiputa, kodwa namhlanje ithisisi loo ngemibuzo.

Kodwa kwakusazeka ukuba kuMbindi Ages kusasa, Byzantium kunye noMbindi Mpuma aye athunyelwa ezi mveliso ehlabathini lonke. Ezi ubucwebe ziquka (amaso, amaso, izacholo amaxesha), izinto zokudlala, imifanekiso yezinto. Kamva - izitya.

Ngenxa yoko, siye sahlola oko iintlobo yezandla kuxhaphakile kumaxesha amandulo, bafunda intsingiselo yegama elithi 'ingcibi, "yaye sasithetha malunga nkcukacha ze imisebenzi ethile.