Iimbilini ze-Cranial-cerebral, ezingavumelekanga ezivela kwi-pathology yazo

Inkqubo yeentlanzi iquka intambo yomgogodla kunye nengqondo, iimbilini ezivela kuzo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo. Zonke izalathisi zentsimbi zixhunyaniswe kwinkqubo ye-nervous system. Kukho iibini ezi-12 zeentsimbi ze-cranial kunye neebini ezi-31 zamagulane. Ibini ngalinye linalo igama kunye nenombolo, echazwa ngumbolo yamaRoma. Iimbilini ze-cranial zifumaneka kwisiseko sobuchopho. Ngokwendlela yokwakhiwa kwemibhobho yesibindi, imisebenzi yazo emithathu iyabonakala: imoto, inzwa kwaye ixutywe.

Iimbilini ze-cranial sensiti zenziwe ngamafayili e-neurons angaphandle kwengqondo. Ezi ziquka i-nerfactory, visual and auditory nerves. Banikeza umsebenzi we-vestibular, ukuva, ukubona kunye nokuvumba. Ibini lokuqala liqala ngamaseli enyantya ekhoyo kwi-mucosa yangasese. Ngokutshatyalaliswa kwalo mgca, kukho ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwekhono lokuvumba. Ibini yesibini yimbilini ye- optic, ephuma kwiiseli ze-retina. I-atrophy yakhe ibangela ukuhla okubukhali kwizinto ezibonakalayo, ngamanye amaxesha ukugqiba imfama. Idilesi yesibhozo yokuziphendulela ixanduva lokuphulaphula kunye nomsebenzi weeventibular device. Ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uphazamisekile, utywala, ukungazithulu, i-ataxia, i-vestibular dispersion occurs.

Umsebenzi wemoto udibanisa amabini amabini. Zivela kwi-motor nuclei ye-trunk. Iyesithathu, yesine neyesithandathu sesigulane sinxulumene nesixhobo kunye nokuhamba kwamehlo. I-oculomotor nererve yiyesibini . Yenziwe ngamafayili ukusuka kwi-nuclei efanayo. Iifayili ze-parasympathetic eziqulethwe kulo mgca ongenakulungeleka umsila weso. Iimbilini zomnxeba ezinobungozi zesibini zibonakaliswe ngenyuka yejwabu eliphezulu, intambo ehlukileyo, kunye nokuhluthwa komfundi. Xa i-block ye-IV ibonakele, imbono yezinto ibonwa ngombono. Xa umbono uhla, i-squint encane ivela. Ukuba umsebenzi we-VI wesibindi uyaphazanyiswa, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okutshintshela ngaphandle, oku kukhokelela kwintambo eguqukayo kunye nemibono emibini.

Inzwa yesibindi (VII) ilawula imizimba. Ukongezelela, iqulethe iimbumba zentsimbi kwaye inezintambo zityalo ezilawula umsebenzi weengqungqungquthela kunye neengqungqungquthela zengqungquthela. Isongezelelo se-XI sigxina imisebenzi yeentlobo ezithile zeemisipha. Xa lonakaliswe, kukho i-paresis yezihlunu okanye ukukhubazeka. Iyokugqibela, isalathisi XII imbilini, idibaniswe nezihlunu zolwimi. Ukuba umsebenzi wale nzobo uphazamiseka, kukho umqobo wokuhamba kolwimi oluphambili kunye nokuphambuka kwalo kwicala eligulayo. Kukho ukubethelwa kwemisipha, intlungu yengcambu yolwimi, i-fibrillar twitchings.

Imisebenzi exubileyo yeentsimbi ze-cranial zenza i-V, i-IX, kunye ne-X ezimbini. Isihlanu, iimbilini ezintathu zilawula izihlunu zokuhlafuna kwaye zinika ubuzwe obusweni. I-glossopharyngeal (IX) inentambo ibangela uxanduva lwe-salivation, ukunambitha kunye ne-state of pharynx kunye nolwimi. Ukuthungula (X) inzwa inikezela ukuqonda kwiindawo ezisemva zomlomo, i-larynx kunye ne-pharynx. Unoxanduva lokusebenza kwemisipha yabo. Iimbilini ze-Cranial ze-X zibini zinikeza ukudibanisa kwe-parasympathetic yezitho zangaphakathi.

Ekunqothulweni kweentambo zentathu, kukho ukuhlaselwa kweentlungu ezinzima zobuninzi beendawo ezinobuso. Zihamba kunye nobomvu nokukhala. Ngeentlupheko ze-IX kabini, ubuhlungu emqaleni buvezwa, ubunzima bokugwinya kwenzeka, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki kubonakala, ukuphazamiseka kukuphazamiseka. Ngokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane ye-vagus, kukho ukuphambuka komsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi. Ngomonakalo osemibini, kukho ukuphazamiseka kokugwinya, i-nasal hue yentetho, intlungu kwi-auricle. Ulwaphulo olunjalo luhlala luhamba kunye nenjongo enkulu.