Iimbongi Symbolist kunye nomsebenzi wabo

Umqondiso - intshukumo yoncwadi eyaqala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 eFransi athunyelwa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Noko ke, kumzekeliso Russian iye isenzeko kakhulu ebalulekileyo omkhulu. iimbongi Symbolist Russian yaziswa kule ndawo yinto entsha, into leyo ayikho langaphambili French. Xeshanye imbonakalo nemifuziselo iqala iSilver Age of iincwadi Russian. Kodwa ke mna ndithi ukuba eRashiya akukho sikolo esinye trend modernist, kwakungekho umanyano kweekhonsepthi, enye indlela. Ubuchule Symbolist neembongi enye into efanayo: kungathenjwa ncam magama, umnqweno evakaliswe iisimboli kunye njengobuxoki.

flow imifuziselo

Kuyinto intshukumo zoncwadi imeko yembono kunye nexesha ukubunjwa ihlelwa nezigaba ezibini. Wabonakala kwi 1890s Symbolist iimbongi, uluhlu equka amanani ezifana Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, obizwa ngokuba "senior". Xa 1900 yokuqala, ulwalathiso uzaliswe imikhosi ezintsha, ukutshintsha kakhulu inkangeleko yayo. Bt "junior" iimbongi Symbolist ezifana ivanov, Blok, Bely. Iliza yesibini yokumpompoza kuthiwa mladosimvolizmom.

Abameli yesikolo "abadala" bayithabatha intshukumo uncwadi ngokwalo yobuhle. Balmont kunye Bruce wavakalisa ingcamango ukuba imbongi - isikakhulu umdali namagugu kuphela zobugcisa siqu kuphela. iimbongi "Omncinane" ziye zakubona kwi lonqulo nentanda-bulumko. Philosophy, refracted kwi ezingqondweni zemibongo - oko kukuthi, ngokokubona kwabo, umfanekiso. Poety Symbolist generation yesibini yayimelwe Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim kunye nabanye.

Symbolists "Senior"

ERashiya oko intshukumo yoncwadi wabhengeza ngokwayo ngasekupheleni 1890s. E Moscow, xa imvelaphi nemifuziselo yaba valeriy Bryusov, kwaye eSt Petersburg - nguDmitry Merezhkovsky. Noko ke, ummeli kakhulu okuphawulekayo kunye olukhulu umqondiso wesikolo kwangoko kwesixeko Neva Alexander Dobrolyubov. Akakude, kwaye ngaphandle onke amaqela modernist wadala ihlabathi lakhe lwesihobe yenye Russian symbolist imbongi - Fedor Sologub.

Kodwa mhlawumbi yeyona efundekayo, zomculo sonorous ngelo xesha imibongo ze uKonstantin Balmont. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kuthiwa ngokucacileyo ukuba "khangela ukuvumelana" phakathi intsingiselo, umbala kunye nesandi. neyawo ziye wadibana Rimbaud kunye Baudelaire, yaye kamva iimbongi ezininzi Russian, ezifana Block, uBruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont le ukufuna ukuvumelana kubonakala kakhulu xa kwakudalwa isandi-intsingiselo umbhalo - umculo, ebeleka kwintsingiselo. Imbongi zvukopisi bemka, ndaqalisa ukusebenzisa imisebenzi izichazi ezimibalabala endaweni kwezenzi, okubangela ukudala, njengoko benza nabagxeki, phantse akanayo intsingiselo kwimibongo. Nangona kunjalo, le meko kwisihobe kwakhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuyilwa kweekhonsepthi ezintsha zemibongo, phakathi apho melodeclamation, ububhanxa, zvukopis.

iimbongi "Omncinane" Symbolist

Isizukulwana yesibini kwiimbongi Symbolist inxulumene, sipapasha kwi 1900 kuqala. Phakathi kwabo bobabini ababhali abancinci kakhulu, ezifana Andrey Bely, Sergei Solovyov, Alexander Blok kunye nabantu ezifanelekileyo, umzekelo, isazinzulu Vyacheslav ivanov, umlawuli we Izabelo Innokentiy Annensky.

E St. Petersburg, nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba i "iziko" ye okuzekeliswayo usicaba ivanov kwi oluphezu Tauris Street, apho ngelo xesha linye bahlala M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, kwakukho Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, Blok, Lunacharsky. E Moscow Symbolist iimbongi oluqokelelwe umhleli ebhodini zendlu ukushicilela "Scorpion", umhleli oyintloko kwawo Bryusov. Apha walungisa kwiintlelo uhlelo symbolist idumileyo - "Ibhalansi". Abasebenzi "Scorpions" baba Ababhali ezifana K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, Blok, M. Voloshin kunye nabanye.

imifuziselo ingakumbi ekuqaleni

ERashiya, ekupheleni 19 kunye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Elo xesha lokutshintsha, anxunguphale izihlabo udakumbile kunye na usiphongomisile. Ngeli xesha, ingakwazanga ukunikwa waziva ngokucacileyo indlela ucwangco ekuhlaleni kunye nezopolitiko nokufa-ezikhoyo. Ezi nguqu ayikwazanga kodwa ukuphembelela izibongo Russian. Imibongo iimbongi symbolist zaye ugalelwe njengoko ziimbongi ingabaginyi ezihlabanayo. Umzekelo, ababhali ezifana D. Merezhkovsky noN Minsky, ekuqaleni babengabameli imibongo yoluntu, yaye kamva waqalisa ukunikela ingqalelo ingcamango "uluntu yonqulo" "thixo-isakhiwo". Symbolists "Senior" abazange baqaphele ubunyani yehlabathi ezingqonge athi "hayi." Ngoko ke, Bruce wabhala wathi: "Andiqondi ukuba babone ngokoqobo yethu, andiyazi le nkulungwane ..." Abameli okuqala Eyona ngokungafaniyo ihlabathi bobuchule kunye namaphupha, apho umntu azive ekhululekile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ke eneneni ezotywe buthuntu, ububi kunye ngqiqweni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iimbongi waba ezintsha yokuluka - ukuguqula iintsingiselo zamagama, izicengcelezo uphuhliso, isingqisho, kunye like. Symbolists "Senior" kwakukho Impressionists, nilwela ukuhambisa bokuqonda ezifihlakeleyo yokuvela, izimo. Abayi baye basebenzisa inkqubo zeesimboli, kodwa ilizwi hlobo uphulukene iindleko zalo zaba ebonakalayo kuphela umgangatho welizwi, amanqaku zomculo, kwikhonkco elipheleleyo lokwakha walo mbongo.

iindlela ezintsha

Ngowe-1901-1904 gg. waqala kwisigaba esitsha kwimbali imifuziselo, kwaye ehambelana ukwanda olululo eRashiya. okubi aphefumlelweyo kwi 1890s wanika indlela eya ivuso of "utshintsho ngaphambili". Ngeli xesha, oliliso boncwadi wabonakala mladosimvolisty abo abalandeli wembongi Vladimir Solovyov, Ngubani na okhe wabona ihlabathi elidala elunxwemeni afe, wathi, "ukonga ihlabathi" kufuneka ubuhle saphezulu ngokudibanisa ekuqaleni ubomi ezulwini umbandela, emhlabeni. In imisebenzi kwiimbongi Symbolist waqalisa abonakala rhoqo izimvo, kodwa hayi, kodwa njengendlela ukuchonga le meko. Ngoko ke, ivesi idibana rhoqo inkcazelo ekwindla kabuhlungu lusizi-Russian, xa ilanga lingaphumi, Azitywine okanye ayiphosele emhlabeni imitha nje lusizi kuba luthuthu bawe phantsi lenzwinini amagqabi, yaye yonke into ligutyungelwe yinkungu rippling.

Kwakhona ngumba Intandokazi symbolists "omncinane" yayisisixeko. Baya wambonisa nje ophilayo kunye inencasa yayo, kunye nembonakalo yakhe. Ngokufuthi kwabonakala njengoko umzi njengendawo yokunqakulisa, nobugeza, isimboli vice ne callousness.

Symbolists and Revolution

Ngowe-1905-1907, xa kwaqalisa revolution, okuzekeliswayo litshintshiwe kwakhona. Iimbongi abaninzi baye basabela ezo ziganeko. Ngoko ke, Bruce wabhala umbongo odumileyo "Ukuza Huns", nto leyo balizukisa ekupheleni kwehlabathi elidala, kodwa kwabalelwa kuye, yaye mna, nabo bonke abantu ababehlala kwelo xesha ukufa, inkcubeko endala. Unit emsebenzini wabo ukudala imifanekiso kwihlabathi elitsha labantu. Ngowe-1906 Sologub wapapasha incwadi "looMawokhulu" yesihobe, kwaye ngo-1907 Balmont wabhala uthotho lwemibongo, "Songs somphindezeleli" - ingqokelela yapapashwa eParis kwaye wavalwa eRashiya.

Kuwa nemifuziselo

Ngeli xesha itshintshe ukuqonda bezobugcisa jikelele we Symbolists. Ukuba beqiqa ubuhle njengoko ngokuvana, kodwa ngoku kubo ukufumana uqhagamshelwano iziqalelo iintsomi, kunye isiphithiphithi yokulwa. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20, umfanekiso waba ukwehla engasekho enika amagama amatsha. Zonke iphila, enamandla, lomfana uthatyathwe kuwo, nangona ezinye iziqwenga nangoku wadala iimbongi Symbolist.

Uluhlu neembongi ezinkulu, emele umfanekiso kwiincwadi

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• Zinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• UKonstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• UWilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• UViktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• UKonstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav ivanov;
• Alexander Blok;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• NguDmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.