Iintlobo iinqanawa: amagama nemifanekiso

Kungoku nje inqanawa ibizwa isitya yasemkhosini. Ethwala, iziphathi bulk, iziphathi bulk, ethwala, iinqanawa isikhongozelo, ice amaza kunye nabanye abameli epakini lobugcisa azinakulawuleka yamakhaya okanye zorhwebo kolu didi azifakwanga. Kodwa kanye, ngemihla ekuqaleni yeNavigeyishini xa uluntu kufuneka ugcwalise kwisithuba imhlophe imiyalelo usiya ucacisa ezingacacanga ziziqithi ezintsha kunye amazwekazi, nayiphi na inqanawa nokuhamba ngomkhombe ingqalelo. On Ibhodi ngamnye kubo umpu, kwaye iqela yayiquka bafo lithemba ukulungele ukwenza nantoni na ukuze inzuzo nokuthandana yohambo ezikude. Kwangaxeshanye, kule nkulungwane anzima, qheke ngeentlobo noweenqanawa. Uluhlu ngokungqinelana kunye nezongezelelo mihla wafuna elide kakhulu, ngoko umele ukugxila ukuhamba. Kaloku, mhlawumbi ungadibanisa ezinye izikhitshana komfula.

kuhamba

Ukuze ungene kuwo - yokwabelana yaseXhora. sohlwayo kumaxesha amandulo elinde izaphuli isono. Kwaye eYiputa yamandulo, kwaye Fink, yaye Greece kwabo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakukho nezinye iinqanawa, kodwa imikhumbi kusetyenziswa de bamaXesha Aphakathi. The main kwakungamandla awayeqhuba kakhulu amabanjwa, kodwa nokubanceda amaxesha iiseyile, ngqo okanye olunxantathu ezifakwe iimasti ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ngemilinganiselo yanamhlanje, le nqanawa abazange ezinkulu, ukubana wabo tonnes 30-70 kuphela kunye nobude abafane ngaphaya leemitha-30, kodwa ke ngaloo mihla ubungakanani iinqanawa Ngokuqhelekileyo nto enkulu. Le bengababheqi wahlala imikrozo, ngokutsho iingcali kunye ngembali, hayi kwimiqolo ngaphezu ezintathu tye. Kwezikhali gallery features ballistae, neenkunzi zeegusha isaphetha, kwiinkulungwane kamva, le asethi zomkhosi eya kuthi yongezwe yi zokudubula. Stroke, oko kukuthi, isantya bentshukumo, olawulwa ziisuphavayiza, ngokubuza iingqongqo ezizodwa isingqisho, kunye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye isabhokhwe.

Barki

Iintlobo iimpahla ngomkhombe, bexesha zethu yaziwa ezimbalwa, kodwa ezinye zazo nangoku uqhelene abapasa rhoqo kwimiju- kunye regattas ngamazwe. iyangena "Sedov" yaye "Kruzenshtern" agcinwe eRashiya. Ezi iinqanawa musa kuphela ukubonisa ihlabathi ubuhle bayo, kodwa negalelo kwimfundo oomatiloshe abaselula, badlula kwimisebenzi yabo ngokwesithethe Russian lwaphela.

Ngoko ke, amaxolo (igama iintlobo livela Flemish elithi «ixolo») na inqanawa kunye nenani iinqaba emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Zonke iiseyile zakhe ngqo, ngaphandle ukuba snap mizzen elibhalwe ngokumileyo (imasti aft). Uvele - iinqanawa zinkulu kakhulu, ezifana "Kruzenshtern" linobude malunga 115 eemitha, ububanzi neemitha ezili-14, yalila yabantu 70. Ekubeni yakhiwa ngo-1926, xa iinjini umphunga baba sele ngokubanzi kubume walo wokudla kunye abangabancedani iyunithi amandla amandla phantse ikhulu elinesihlanu kilowatts, zithwele ezimbini ophephela selizwi ezisisigxina. Akubonakali amancinci ngesantya emkhombeni, yaye ngoku, bamfimfithe ikhondo kwindawo inqanawa ifikelela amaqhina 17. uhlobo Ukonyulwa, ngokubanzi, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umthengisi elwandle ye XIX ngenkulungwane - Ukuhanjiswa exubeneyo imithwalo, mail kunye abakhweli ngemigca yolwandle.

Brigantine iphakamisa iseyile

Eneneni, kwindawo inqanawa enye, kunye iimasti ezimbini, ebizwa Brigantine. Zonke iintlobo iinqanawa ezingafaniyo injongo yabo kunye navigability. Brigantines abelwe isantya ethile kunye lula. Ngesikhephe zokulawula iiseyile ixubene kwi emoyeni (foremast) iseyile ngqo kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ukuya GROTTO. Pirates nqanawa Favorite kweelwandle. Imithombo yembali ukhankanye brigantine-ekuthiwa "Bermuda GROTTO", okt iseyile olunxantathu, wazolula phakathi liktrosom kunye luff, kodwa akukho namnye amalungu lweentlobo ukuze ukuqhayisa kubo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi bokuqonda umdla kuphela kwiingcali.

frigates

Njengoko wayebonakele nesinqanawa ezinye iintlobo iinqanawa zokulwa, abanye wanyamalala, ngoxa abanye phezu intsingiselo eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo awahlali. Le nto iye yasinda iintlobo kamva ezifana Zempi, dreadnoughts , kwaye nkqu Zempi. True awahlali mihla kalukhuni ingqinelana ukuba ingcamango ezinkulu Soviet namkhombe antisubmarine, kodwa kuvakala elifutshane kwaye ngandlela ezintle. Ngengqiqo yokuqala, kuba lowo usisitya emithathu nge- kunye sinendawo of ngemipu zokudubula 20-30. Hi ndlela leyi, "Iifrigate" ukususela kwinkulungwane XVII ixesha elide, kongezelelwa Isichazi "Dunkirk" kuthetha ukusetyenziswa preferential kwindawo eyahlukileyo yeqonga yomkhosi yemfazwe, nto leyo ezikufutshane Pas-de-Calais. Le style features isantya ethile. Emva koko, njengoko ukuzimela ukunyuka radius, baye babizwa nje awahlali. Ukubana - umyinge elo xesha, malunga . 800-1000 m awahlali idumileyo Russian ebizwa ngokuba "nguPallas", phezu kwayo 1855, wenziwa hambo yozuko kunxweme East Asia phantsi umyalelo Admiral E. V. Putyatina.

caravel

"Yena wahamba ngathi caravel ..." - iculwa edume ingoma pop. Iyingozi ukuhlola iintlobo iinqanawa, phambi kokuba ubhala iitekisi hits elizayo. A kunconywa kancane edidayo. Ayizizo zonke intombazana ufuna kuthelekiswa kukugcina, umkhumbi omkhulu ngokwanelisayo enzima. Ngaphandle, impumlo caravel phezulu bayakugezela, yintoni na nayo kuba kokungafunekiyo uglyadet ngapantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, ikakhulu kolu hlobo ke, kukho iipropati elungileyo Nautical. Waziwa kakhulu into yokuba Columbus ngohambo lwakhe ukuya kunxweme Yehlabathi Elitsha waba caravels ezintathu ( "Santa Maria", "Pinta" yaye "noNina"). Ngokwangaphandle, abo zingahlukaniswa kwi uthe kwamatanki ephakamileyo (ngeempumlo add-in), kwakunye umkhumbi snap. Iimasti jib ezintathu ngqo, kwaye abanye - ukusuka Latin (elibhalwe ngokumileyo) iseyile.

Injongo - ulwandle elide kunye nohambo transoceanic.

Ukususela elithi "caravel" morphologically kwenzeka ilizwi Russian "inqanawa". Wawunika igama kunye moya edumileyo umkhweli French, Intle kakhulu.

Iziqhano

Kuba ukuqubha fast zonke iintlobo ngeenqanawa. Amagama iinkundla akusoloko kukhunjulwa, kodwa kukho ukuxolelwa. Xelela umntu elithi "Cruiser", yaye ke konke uya kucinga into - ezinye "Aurora", enye "Varyag". Malunga Iziqhano i inketho enye kuphela - "Cutty Sark". Le nqanawa ke phantsi kwembali umzimba ende nemxinwa wahamba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kodwa ezingundoqo ibalulekileyo umgangatho ngesantya yakhe. Ndihlangule tea evela eTshayina, ngokukhawuleza wazise imeyili amathanga ezikude ze enze imiyalelo ubuncwane kunene kwiKumkanikazi iye yanikwa Iziqhano kunye namaqela abo. Kwaye umsebenzi wabo ezi zitya de inkangeleko steamships, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kamva.

galleons

Ukuya ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezindala iinqanawa, omnye asingekhe silibale ngayo Enkulu Homepage, ubandezele le zithuthi British kwinkulungwane XVI. Iyunithi iphambili la mandla elinamandla yaba galleon Spanish. Tshatisa ukuphelela nako ke yena, akukho isitya ngomkhombe ngelo xesha. Xa ezingundoqo lixabiso caravel phambili, kunye kubekho superstructure yetanki (ngokufanayo "ujije up impumlo yakho 'kuye phantse unyamalele), kunye umzimba evuthelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, Abakhi ezindala Spanish ziye ukuqina, ukunciphisa ukumelana kwamaza kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukunyusa isantya. Uphume nangakumbi. Ezinye iintlobo iinqanawa XVI galleon leminyaka wakhangela kufutshane nje elifutshane eliphezulu kakhulu (ukuba kunzima ngaloo njongo lula ukuba ukubetha). Icacisa Utah (superstructure aft) bathenga imilo eziziingxande, kwaye qela baba iimeko bekhululekile ngakumbi. Yeyona galleons yokuqala ukuvela yezindlu zangasese (iithoyilethi), yiyo imvelaphi ilizwi.

Ukubana of "Zempi yenkulungwane XVI" zisukela ukusuka 500 ukuya amawaka 2. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Ekugqibeleni ke entle kakhulu, ukuba ihonjiswe kunye imikrolo entsonkothileyo, kunye impumlo yakhe isithsaba kunye Umfanekiso yinzwakazi.

schooners

Kukho iintlobo zinqanawa ezinkulu, eyaba "angamahashe okusebenza" esenzelwe ukuthwala ezahlukahlukeneyo imithwalo. Phakathi kwazo indawo olulodwa ekuhlala kuzo schooner. It mnogomachtovye inkundla, Eboniswe ukuba ubuncinane ezimbini rigs zabo elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Ba marselnymi, stakselnymi, Bermuda okanye gaff, kuxhomekeka ekubeni ubucele ntoni kanye lwemasti exhotyiswe iiseyile ungasuki. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umgca phakathi kwe-nge- ezimbini schooner marselnoy bramselnoy okanye brigantine kunye kwemiqathango kakhulu. Olu hlobo yaziwa ukususela kwinkulungwane XVII. ukwanda kakhulu ukuba ziphunyezwe nokurhweba i US Navy, ingakumbi, Ngcuka uLarsen, umlinganiswa ka Jack London, kunye ukuzingela bakhe qela iingonyama ulwandle ivuliwe ebhodini. Xa kuthelekiswa, nezinye iindidi zezithuthi kunzima ukulawula (Ngokutsho eGeorge. London le nkqubo nokuba matiloshe ulilolo ekhoyo). Amaninzi, le schooner baye kwiikhosi zeeveki ezimbini ukuya nge- abathathu, kodwa ke kukho iimeko xa snap laba likhulu kakhulu ngakumbi. irekhodi Original sasimi ngo-1902, xa inqanawa kwehliswa emanzini kunye iimasti asixhenxe ( "kabini Thomas Lawson," Quincy zalapho).

Ezinye iintlobo iinqanawa

Iifoto sailboats, wafika waxhasa ngamazwe ehlabathini jikelele, zipapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba, iimagazini kunye kumaphepha e web. hits ezinjalo - kusoloko isiganeko, ubuhle lwezo mpahla awunakufaniswa nantoni na eyenye. Barki, brigantine, corvettes, frigates, Iziqhano, kechi, elwandle zonke iintlobo iinqanawa, wasinda, ngethamsanqa, ukuba namhlanje. Le mbono wunewu kubomi bemihla ngemihla alithabathe kumboniseli kulo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ezele adventure kunye romance yohambo ezikude. Le matiloshe kufuneka sibe nobuchule losuka inqanawa, ngoko ukucinga kumazwe amaninzi kwaye ngokunjalo. Anyuke zokulawula iiseyile phezulu, amalungu iiseyile waphefumlela umoya simahla elwandle, kuyenzeka ukuba ukuthatha indawo yazo kulawulo mihla esemagqagaleni imithwalo owomileyo, ethwala kunye babheke Imikhumbi balkerovozov. Loo matiloshe uyakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo uthembe bayahlelwa umthwalo kunye nobomi abakhweli, akayi kukuyekela.