Ilizwe Iceland: Inkcazo kunye umdla facts

Le ndaba kwakhona yethu Iceland namhlanje. Inkcazelo lizwe, izibakala umdla zotyelelo - konke uhambisa ngezantsi.

ulwazi jikelele

Iceland - kwisiqithi kunye karhulumente. Lufikelela kuyo ummandla ezingama-103. M. km, enabantu malunga 322 lamawaka. ndoda. Capital - isixeko Reykjavik, apho ingqalelo isahlulo sesithathu xa bebonke, kwaye namadlelo - ngaphezu kwesiqingatha. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Icelandic, yaye lwemali - krona Icelandic, izinga apho 2016 yaba izizithsaba 122 nganye 1 USD ukuba. Iceland - republic yepalamente okhokelwa umongameli, anyulwe iminyaka 4. Ukuze okungena abemi Russian kufuneka yokundwendwela kunye visa Schengen.

indawo

Iceland - lilizwe lomkhenkce - ise kommandla ongasentla i-Atlantic Ocean; akusekho ukuya North Pole of iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. inxalenye yawo kumntla ikufuphi Arctic Circle.

Isiqithi kude lonke elaseYurophu: ukusuka elikufutshane Faroe Islands 420 km ukusuka kwisiqithi Great Britain kwi km 860 kwaye ukusuka kwindawo ekufutshane phezu nemisinga unxweme eNorway km 970. An into enikisa umdla kukuba, nangona oku, Iceland loluka kumazwe aseYurophu, nangona kakhulu kufutshane bebekwe ukusuka North Greenland - 287 km.

Iceland: iinyani ezinika umdla malunga lizwe

Ukuvulwa Iceland ibhekisela ekupheleni lendela Irish VIII kwekhulu, kwaye emva kokuba ufike apha Normans Nadod nomhlambi. Emva kwezi ziganeko, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane IX, oko laqalisa amazwe elikhutheleyo siqithi yi-Vikings - weza evela eNorway, isiqingatha senkulungwane, likwazile kakuhle phantse zonke ezifanelekileyo zokuphila kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho belizwe.

Ngowe-1264, Iceland iye yafakwa eNorway, kwaye ngo-1381, yaba yinxalenye Denmark. ukuzimela ngeengingqi ifumene kuphela ngo-1944.

Abantu abahlala kwisiqithi - abantu nesibindi abanekratshi, ngentlonelo ebhekisela yayo elidlulileyo zembali kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko. Ingakumbi, le sagas Icelandic yamandulo - sagas, ubalisa ibali feuds zesizwe, iziganeko ebangel tikoloshe, Gnomes kunye nabanye abalinganiswa eliyimfihlakalo ubukho apho abanye abantu bakholelwa kule mini.

Ulwazi olunomdla ilizwe ye Iceland kukuba kukho phantse akukho ulwaphulo - entolongweni yedwa, kwaye iqulathe akukho ngaphezu kokuba abantu kweshumi. Amapolisa apha uye ngaphandle izixhobo, umkhosi ayikho kwaphela.

Isiseko kuqoqosho lwanamhlanje kuphela amashishini ezimbini - aluminiyamu processing kunye lokuloba. Ngendlela eya kuthi ukuba umthamo yonyaka akubambisileyo enasilela ngayo balapha ukuba amazwe aseYurophu, Norway kuphela.

Iceland phakathi kwamazwe nempumelelo. Umzekelo, i-avareji ngamnye imali yonyaka apha $ 39,000 (ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo yethu Rublev - ngoko wonke ummi, kubandakanywa umntwana ibele - ngusozigidi).

uhlobo

Country Iceland, nangona ubukhulu bayo uthobekile, siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini mlilo. iziqithi Uncedo becala iliwa, migodi ongasentla mlilo extinct kunye esebenzayo. Enyangweni kubo - Hvannadalshnjukur peak (2110 m), ibekwe kunxweme emzantsi. Ingongoma kunazo nje ekufutshane - ichibi Lagoon glacial (0 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle).

mlilo ezininzi ezisebenzayo ngamanye amaxesha avakalise ngokwabo kuqhume ezinamandla. I-mlilo inkulu siqithi ithathwa ukuba odumileyo Hekla (1488 meters), kufuphi "Grand Reykjavik" lukoyikise abantu balapha mlilo kwayo ngo-2000.

Yiba umlambo lide siqithi yi Þjórsá (237 km). Phakathi kwezinye izinto zamanzi niphuphuma zomkhenkce kunye namachibi glacial ezi ikuyo yaye abanakubalwa.

Iceland iintlobo ezohlukileyo kwinkangeleko yendalo. Ukongeza ezihambayo, umphezulu kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe igutyungelwe kunye namasimi mlilo. Kule ndawo zidla owafumana Igiza kunye nemithombo eshushu. Isiqithi twa placers ezilulwalwa, wayifulela ubulembu lalingqingqwa kwaye ulele, amahlathi iziqithi ezinde amadlelo le zengca okuziinkozo. indawo Special scenic kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo siqithi anike kwiingxangxasi. Kunxweme olusentshona ngenxa yobuhle bayo kuchaphazela imifula ezininzi. Ukukhusela imbonakalo yendalo mihle kweli lizwe kumisa iipaki zesizwe.

Climate and sezulu boqobo

Iceland - kwilizwe lasemntla, nto leyo kanye oko ice igama layo. Wahlamba imisinga zakhe ezinothando, ingakumbi i-Gulf Stream esuka kwelasezantsi, musa ukuvumela ukuba ube kubanda, intlango ngqwabalala.

Ubusika ishushu kakhulu, kunye lobushushu avareji ngenyanga -1 ° C, ezo umona abaninzi ebekwe ngezantsi kummandla Russia. Noko ke, kwezinye ixesha lonyaka rhoqo engqeleni, leyo kunye clusters iyalandela umkhenkce Arctic, ingakumbi kwi-mpuma, kubangela ukuba ubushushu yandisa esikhawulezileyo -30 ° C. ubude Day - akukho ngaphezu kweeyure ezintlanu.

Ihlobo azishushwanga. lobushushu Julayi-avareji kuphela +12 ° C. Kunayo yonke kunxweme lomzantsi - up to +20 ° C, kunye iincopho ukuya + 30 ° C. Ehlotyeni, esiqithini imini nobusuku ekwezi ilanga, kwaye apha ziqhelekile ezinezinga polar ebusuku ezimhlophe.

Umbilo kwi siqithi ukuba hhayi lonke ezisasaziweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kunxweme olusentshona inani isusela ukususela 1300 ukuya ku-2000 mm ngonyaka, kumantla-mpuma izinga ukuya kwi-750 mm, kwaye kwimimandla weentaba ezantsi ukuze amaxabiso ukuya ku-4000 mm.

Imo yezulu apha ziyatshintsheka kakhulu, kwaye Asikokubaxa kuthi ukuba litshintshwe kwimizuzu nje embalwa. Kuphela ukuba libalele, ezifana ngequbuliso izulu amafu, bavuthela ingqele, umoya kubanda. Abahlali ngokuqhula xelela iindwendwe zazo ngokundwendwela kunye nabakhenkethi, "Ukuba ngesiquphe kunento ongayithandiyo into kwimozulu, ungaphelelwa lithemba, linda isiqingatha seyure, yaye iya kutshintsha."

Reykjavik ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Reykjavik - umzi omkhulu, ikomkhulu Iceland. Leliphi ilizwe liyi inani elikhulu ezinika? Kwaye Iceland into ukubonisa abakhenkethi. Ngokukodwa, isixeko yayo engundoqo kwaku ezikhumbuzo zembali zokwakha, amaziko olondolozo kunye namaziko mihla. Phakathi kwabo kutsala umdla kubakhenkethi:

• Temple Hallgrimskirkja - esi sakhiwo lenkundla yamaLuthere phakathi XX leminyaka, ekwimo ukujaduka mlilo. Ngaphakathi ingxenye enkulu. Phambi iCawe oqingqiweyo Leif Eriksson sonwabe.
• Cathedral itempile ephambili, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVIII emva kwexesha.
• Ukwakhiwa kwe Althingi (ipalamente) kwi isimbo lwamandulo, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX.
• Perlan okanye pearl ufana mbali kunye lwale oluhlaza. It liphezulu phezu kwentaba kwaye iqonga ejikelezayo ukuba ukubukela nesibhakabhaka esi sixeko. Ngaphakathi sakhiwo imyuziyam ye Saga, igadi ebusika, igiza ngumntu, bayiminquba zorhwebo kunye zokutyela.
• "Caffi Reykjavik» - le bar awuqhelekanga kuba iqulathe iibhloko eqinileyo ngumkhenkce, kunye neziselo bancedwa ice ngokuqinisekileyo izibuko.
• "Harpa" Hall. olungaphambili kwayo yakhiwa iiseli zeglasi multi-bala, nto leyo ngoncedo LED eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, enokuchukumisa iindwendwe ukudlala imibala.

Lagoon blue

Laguna - umthombo Ingquzu kunye iiholide kunye zonke iziseko zophuhliso ezifanelekileyo. Oku mhlawumbi yeyona ndawo kakuhle eyaziwa kwaye ethandwa kumakhulu amawaka abakhenkethi. Laguna - zamntu umzimba ngamanzi kubushushu rhoqo 40 ° C. Le ndawo kuphela umhlaba lo hlobo, nto leyo izaliswe neendwendwe unyaka wonke. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba siqubha amanzi echibini, esisityebi kwizimbiwa, inceda ukuphiliswa kuzo izifo zolusu.

The Valley kweegiza

Zivela kwinkulungwane XIII, emva kokuba ukunyikima komhlaba. Eyona mithombo iphambili ekuthiwa Grand Geysir, jet amanzi Ukubatywa lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha 70 ukusuka ezantsi ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini eemitha. Le Eyokuqiqa yale mbono omangalisayo kushiya nomvakalelo womoya onamandla. Kukho kwakhona iindawo bequbha imithombo ezikufuphi eshushu. Abahlali sebenzisa ngogesi ubushushu zendalo shushu kumakhaya abo.

Waterfall Seljalandsfoss

Le engxangxasi ise kumazantsi eli siqithi kwaye ethandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi. Amanzi liphuma ukuphakama kuyimitha 60. Ayajika ezingxondorheni ekwakufudula ukuba ezingaselunxwemeni, kodwa ngoku kwasekwa ntlambo kule ndawo. Ubuhle ingxangxasi (ngentsebenziswano ne-landscape ezingqonge) akukho alinganayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto imifanekiso zakhe kwiziko lewebhu neekhalenda kunye makhadi.

ezintabeni anemibala

Xa ixesha efudumeleyo konyaka Landmannalaugar park wesizwe ungabona omangalisayo - iintaba ezimibalabala. Kwamaxandeka ezintabeni yegolide imivumbo ezingaqhelekanga - omdaka, otyheli, pink, nemisonto emsi nemfusa, oluhlaza, omhlophe nomnyama. Isizathu sale meko linxulunyaniswa mlilo yengxondorha. Indawo yale paka kufutshane Hekla mlilo iyenza kwelinye lamaziko kubakhenkethi ithandwayo lizwe.

Vatnajökull National Park

Yintoni enye ungandixelela ntoni Iceland? Facts malunga lizwe yonke ezinika walo nje ukudwelisa kwinqaku elinye. Kodwa ke ndithanda ukubalula le paki. Oku kwadalwa ngo-2008. indawo yayo phantse-12% e Iceland, kwaye yeyona inkulu eYurophu. Eyona nto iyimbalasane kule park - ummandla glacier eponymous ukuya ku 8100 square metres. km kwaye nende ice kweemitha ukuya ku-500. Phantsi iqokobhe yakhe edibana emiqolombeni ice ezintle, kwakunye mlilo ezisixhenxe esebenzayo.

Njengoko i zokuzonwabisa abakhenkethi Vatnajökull ndihambahamba ecaleni iindawo ezintle, ezemidlalo ebusika, kodwa imfuno ukuhlamba kakhulu kwimithombo ashushu, ibekwe ngaphakathi ice nemiqolomba.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, yinxalenye encinane kuphela ezinika bendalo belizwe Iceland, phezu kwesibhakabhaka yayo abakhenkethi kulindeleke kakhulu ezinomdla kakhulu yaye kungakholeleki.