Imisebenzi ye-medulla oblongata kunye nezinye iindawo zengqondo ye-rhomboid

Ngokwesiko, ekubhaliseni i-anatomy kwiiyunivesithi ezingezizo zonyango, umbuzo malunga ne-hindbrain uphendulwa ngeyona manani ephakamileyo. Kutheni oku kwenzekayo? Inyaniso kukuba leli gama liyunithi yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kwimeko enye, ubuchopho bubizwa ngokuba yingqondo ye-rhomboid, okwesibini - isakhiwo esincinci, esinegama le-hindbrain eyiyo (iquka ibhuloho kunye ne-cerebellum). Ukudibanisa ukubunjwa kokuqala kunye neyesibini akunakwenzeka, kuba okwesibini kuyingxenye yokuqala.

Ingqondo ye-rhomboid yindlela eyona yamandulo, ifumaneka nakwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo. Kubantu, yenza imisebenzi elula ngakumbi kunezinto ezihlambulukileyo, kuba imisebenzi enzima ithatha uqeqesho olutsha-oluphakathi kunye nolwazi oluphambili. Nangona kunjalo, xa ufunda malunga ne-hindbrain, awukhathala ngokuzibuza ukuba ziphi na iintlobo ezikufutshane kunye kwaye uqinisekile ukuba bonke ubomi buyakhelwe ngokukodwa kwisicwangciso esisodwa, kuphela kwiintlobo eziphambili ezona zizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Imisebenzi ye-hindbrain ngomqondo obanzi (sikhumbula ukuba kulo mzekelo, "indawo ephezulu" isichazamagama esithi "rhomboid") zihlukene kakhulu, zibandakanya imisebenzi ye-medulla oblongata, ibhuloho kunye ne-cerebellum. Kubona kunengqiqo ukuqala ingxoxo ngebali malunga ne-medulla oblongata, kuba le nxalenye ixhunyaniswe ngqo nentambo yomgogodla kwaye ingumandulo wasendulo.

Ngoko ke, imisebenzi ye- medulla oblongata ngokubanzi ingabelana ngezigaba ezimbini. Okokuqala, izakhiwo zayo ziqhuba iimpembelelo ezivela "kwabangaphantsi" kunye nakubungqina obugqithiseleyo kakhulu, ukuya kumaziko angaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iklasi yesibini yemisebenzi - umsebenzi wangempela we-medulla oblongata, inemisebenzi yayo, apho amaziko angaphandle kwengqondo edayimani ayinakulawula ngokuthe ngqo. Eli sebe lijongene "nomqhubi", onokuphinda akhathaze "umphathi", kodwa uyaqonda "inzuzo". Yimiphi imisebenzi ye-medulla oblongata ngokuzimela ngokuzimela?

Okokuqala, kukho i-receptors yomxholo we- carbon dioxide egazini, isenza siphefumle ukusilela kwe-oxygen, kodwa i-carbon dioxide engaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu uxhoxisa ukuba aphefumle ngokukhawuleza ixesha elithile, i- carbon dioxide ishiya ngaphezu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuphefumla kuyabhalwa. Emva koko, umntu uvakalelwa ukungasebenzi kwe-oxygen. Khumbula iimvakalelo zakho xa ugqirha ecela ukuphefumula kakhulu - abantu abaninzi emva koko bahlaziyekile ngenxa yokuba ininzi i-carbon dioxide ihambe kwaye iphefumlelwe. Ubuchopho obugqithiseleyo bulawula ukuvuthwa nokuphuphuma, nangona kunomncinci "umphathi" - ibhuloho ebeka isigqi sokuphefumla.

Okwesibini, imisebenzi ye-medulla oblongata ifaka ukulawula intliziyo. Eli liziko lifumana iimpembelelo ezivela kwiintlobo zombini ozilawulayo. Inxalenye yayo enobubele inoxanduva lokuziphendulela kwiimeko ezibucayi, kunye ne-parasympathetic yokuphumla nokubuyiselwa. Kucacile ukuba bobabini babulawula umsebenzi wentliziyo, ukukhawuleza okanye ukunciphisa isigqi. I-medulla oblongata inceda ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wabo. Nangona kunjalo, "ukusuka phezulu" unokuza kuye kumaziko emvakalelo wengqondo - izakhiwo eziphantsi kwamacandelo, kwaye ngoko izinga lentliziyo libonakala libalaseleyo.

Okwesithathu, kukho isikhungo se- vasomotor, esicinezelekileyo. Le nxalenye ibandakanyeka kunye nezinye iinjongo zobuchopho, umzekelo, kunye ne-hypothalamus, kodwa ngeemeko eziqhelekileyo i-medulla iphelisa ngokuzimeleyo.

Okwesine, i-medulla oblongata ixhalabele into esingaqhelekanga. Iingqungquthela zengqungquthela, oko kukuthi, ukukhwehlela, ukuhlanza, ukukrazula, ukugwinya.

Masibuyele kwezinye iindawo zengqondo ye-rhomboid kwaye sithethe nge-hindbrain efanelekileyo. Inxalenye yalo - ibhuloho-yenza iinguqulelo ukusuka ekuphefumleleni ukuya ekuphumeni kwimoya kunye nakwezinye. Kwakhona zakha amaziko amabini amabini eembini zeentsholongwane. Imisebenzi ye-cerebellum ihambelana nokuhamba kunye nenkumbulo yemoto (kunye namaziko aphezulu).

Njengoko sibona, ingqondo ye-rhomboid yenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yengqondo, oko kukuthi, kuyimfuneko yokusinda nganye yesibini. Ngoko ke, ingqondo iyingozi kakhulu kwingozi kule mimandla.