Indawo esikuyo bakwaSirayeli. Imida yakwaSirayeli, intsimi, i-mphandle, uhlobo

USirayeli ilizwe apho ziviwa impembelelo yeenkcubeko ezininzi kunye neenkolo, kwaye beva kwizitrato intetho yeelwimi ezininzi. IBhayibhile ngokwayo onokumxelela ngayo ubutyebi bembali, awathi phezu zeminyaka emininzi. Kwaye ngenxa ukuba iziganeko eshiya uphawu yayo indawo kaSirayeli. Ngobukhulu kweli lizwe ngayo xa etyelela iziza zembali kunye neendawo ezingcwele, zifakwe emoyeni ubumnandi kunye ngokomoya.

Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa yi indawo ummandla wakwaSirayeli kunye nemida yayo kunye namanye amazwe, iinkcukacha zejoloji kunye lokuhlola amanzi, kwakunye awohluke ye enezityalo nezilwanyana zengingqi.

Indawo kwimephu yehlabathi

The State of uSirayeli ehlabathini, ekuthiwa eMiddle East. Le republic yepalamente emazantsi-ntshona Asia, kunxweme empuma yoLwandle iMeditera. Xa ujonga kwimephu yehlabathi, uququzelelo ngqo kaSirayeli - 34 ° 45 'nezide empumalanga ne-31 ° 30' inkululeko ngasentla.

Imida ndawo

USirayeli ndawonye kunye kumazwe aliqela. Kuye phaya emdeni wayo osemantla - kunye Lebanon, xa inxalenye kumntla-mpuma - neSiriya, kumazantsi-ntshona - kunye eGaza Strip kanye eYiputa ngasempumalanga - kunye Jordan kunye ummandla elisentshona kuMlambo iYordan.

Ubude umda komhlaba malunga nekhulu neekhilomitha. idatha echanekileyo More, Isimanga ngokwaneleyo, azibhalwanga echazwa ngurhulumente wakwaSirayeli. Inyaniso kukuba kule mini, le lizwe bengenakho ukusisombulula umda esemthethweni neSiriya neLebhanon. Ngoko ke, ukuba yahlulwe kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani eligqithisiweyo "umsebenzi osemqoka reticle lomlilo" kunye "Blue Line."

imida Western kaSirayeli kuLwandle lweMeditera, emazantsi - uLwandle Olubomvu, yaye kummandla wasempumalanga ngomda i engcwele iYordan River, apho uYesu wabhaptizwa kanye. Unxweme ngu 273 leekhilomitha. Uninzi akhawunti yoLwandle iMeditera, yaye isabelo encinane kakhulu lugubungela uLwandle Olubomvu (nje neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini).

Zizonke indawo kaSirayeli, kuquka uGunyaziwe Palestine, ngu 27.800 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Kwaye 6220 of izigcine elakwaYuda, iSamariya kunye eGaza Strip, eziye kwakhona ngenxa yemisebenzi emkhosini 1967. Empumalanga, kummandla we-State kaSirayeli yinxalenye kuLwandle oluFileyo (malunga eliwaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha). Oku ezinetyuwa ichibi ivaliwe, ubunzulu iphezulu kweemitha 378.

indawo karhulumente

indawo Uthelekelelo yommandla bakaSirayeli amabini amawaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha, apho ukuwa ngaphezulu kwe ezine phezu kwamanzi emhlabeni. Ummandla weli lizwe asuka lithabathele ezantsi lise entla; Eilat ukuya Metulla yokuhlala ku-424 leekhilomitha. Ukusuka empumalanga yomgama lasentshona ingongoma kwaza ngumgama oziikhilomitha-15, yaye inkoliso ngokubanzi ifikelela oziikhilomitha 114.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Israel East iYerusalem ahleli 70 km ezingama, 1150 km isikweri iGolan Heights, kwaye 5879 ezikwere zeekhilomitha Zasebhofolo Bank. Eli lungiselelo kuchaphazela ubomi kurhulumente, ngoko ke liye ulwimi kunye imali lwakhe iimpawu zayo.

lulwimi Israel

Namhlanje, iilwimi ezisemthethweni kweli lizwe zithathwa Arabic kunye isiHebhere. Kodwa apha ngokufuthi ukuthetha Russian, IsiNgesi, isiJamane, isiFrentshi, Spanish.

Ekuqaleni, ulwimi lwabantu lwamaYuda umHebhere. Kukholelwa ukuba belilelakhe uAdam noEva. Zezi lwimi kakhulu iTestamente eNdala kunye Dead Sea Scrolls abhalwa. Lonke eli xesha ulwimi kaSirayeli iye yatshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo kumazwe angabamelwane. ezahlukeneyo bayo wabonakala Ngoko (umz, Western eYurophu, Yemen, isiJamani kunye Muslim).

Noko ke, kwinkulungwane yesibini, amaYuda batshutshiswa ngamaRoma, yaye isiHebhere ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Kude ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX kubhaliwe kuphela imibongo kunye neetekisi zonqulo, yaye ngoko ke baba lwakudala. Kodwa emva kokuba Hebrew ngcembe waphila ngenyathelo a Zionist owayehlala yoBukhosi Russian.

imali kumaSirayeli

Namhlanje, imali esemthethweni karhulumente ithathwa seshekele entsha yakwaSirayeli. Yena ilingana penny nekhulu nganye. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiyunithi emali, i NIS - 0,29 US dollar, okanye 16,96 le engange Russian.

Imali esetyenzisiweyo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa ke oko ukuthini ishekele ihlelo ingqekembe, ubunzima ngegolide okanye isiliva, leyo zixatyiswa kakhulu. Ngowe-1985, le mali iye ixabiso, ase ewakeni amaxesha. Zemali kunye yamaphepha ezikhoyo watshintsha inkangeleko ziye oonobumba be-alfabhethi Hebrew echongiweyo. Kwaye kukho eeshekele ezintsha. Namhlanje, imali amaSirayeli bakaThixo ikhowudi ngamazwe kunye zijikwe ngokukhululekileyo kwamanye amazwe.

division zokuphatha

The State of kaSirayeli yahlulwe kwimimandla yolawulo, ezibizwa mehozotami. Zizonke ezintandathu: Central, Yerusalem, eHaifa, Tel Aviv, North noMzantsi. imimandla yolawulo zahlulwe sub-izithili elinesihlanu, ebizwa nafotami nayo. Bayakwazi ukubala subokrugov amahlanu ezizimeleyo.

kwisixeko esikhulu nabancinane kummandla iseYerusalem Beit-shemeshe. Kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile apho babaleka indlela ezintabeni zakwaYuda Ierusalima.Tel Aviv liziko zorhwebo nezoshishino, kwinkcubeko kunye neshishini ingqukuva. Le ndawo ubangel kuthathwa eHaifa, nto leyo ukwakweli kwamaxandeka engcwele intaba uluhlu eKarmele.

USirayeli kufanele ingaqatshelwa kumbindi eYerusalem. Kule ndawo ingcwele, uvula iziganeko eziphambili ubomi bukaKristu. Oku sesona sixeko sikhulu zikarhulumente kunye kummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha 126. EYerusalem, ikhaya kubantu abamalunga namawaka asibhozo. Inani labemi lilonke lakwaSirayeli malunga ezisibhozo izigidi.

Israel ukukhululeka

Le share lizwe kwiintaba ezimbini, yaye oku iziphumo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwindawo isiqabu.

1 Rift Valley. Njengoko kudla ngokuba Jordan emva elibaleka apha emlanjeni. It is a umngxuma ekhethekileyo, elibhekisela sisiphene yedeskthopi zone elikhulu laseSiriya Afrika. Oku kuquka i ntili yeJordan, Hula, eYizereli, isitya kuLwandle oluFileyo, Wadi al-Arabhu, nto leyo ngekhonkco eLwandle oluBomvu.

2. Mountain zone. Eilat hide wathabathela encamini ezintabeni Lebanese. Le ndawo nayo uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. In Ngasemzantsi kwiinduli ye kwelasezantsi entlango, emantla - uGalileo, kunye nakumbindi - i-Central Highlands, ebandakanya kwaSamari, elakwaYuda Shfela. Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo iimpawu ngokuma kaSirayeli kule intsimi, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba liphuma kuhle ukuya ngasentshona, ukwakha yonke nomxokelelwane iinduli malunga namakhulu-amane anamakhulu mabini, anamanci iimitha eziphakamileyo. Kwinxalenye esempuma iintaba zelizwe na ayanyuka kwaye amawa, abanye bade bafikelele 1.3 km.

3. amathafa unxweme. Iqala isiqwenga emxinwa kumda Lebanese Yolule eYiputa nge emazantsi eKanana entlango. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo angohlulwa zayimimandla emithathu. Kunxweme ngasentla kwaye Zapadnogalileyskoe likaZebhulon Valley. Kwinxalenye kumzantsi lommandla Maritime fanekisela kunxweme lweMeditera, nto leyo equka namazantsi lwamaYuda mmandla. Kwingingqi engundoqo ilahlwe yeKarmele Valley unxweme kunye Sharon (Sharon).

Kuba beach emxinwa sandy kulele Umhlaba otyebileyo, ezo anyangwe bendawo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku ndawo buzinze uninzi yabemi kaSirayeli. Ethafeni sonxweme nezibuko ityala eziphambili Tel Aviv, iAshdode, eHaifa kunye iseti ongundoqo amandla zolimo nezeefektri karhulumente.

phawu neznye

Eli lizwe ibandakanya nasemaweni Mesozoic, ephathelele kwinkqubo ephakamileyo koqeqesho. Le iidipozithi Upper kunayo Cretaceous, apho zimelwe dolomite, lekalika kunye Marl. Zoolity kunye sandstones kwenzeka thafa Gileleya kunye ummandla oselunxwemeni. Kule ngasentla kukho iidipozithi ezininzi itshokhwe, leyo edala emiqolombeni Rosh Hanikra. Kodwa esimi kaSirayeli entilini kweYordan na Iqela ezahlukeneyo kwingxelo ezinamandla nezikhukhula.

Lo maleko lekalika lula zihlanjiwe kakhulu amanzi basekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yale nto ke, kwezi ndawo ngokubanzi kuphuhliswa iinkqubo karst. Caves, wabumba iintlobo ngamanzi-ezinyibilikayo, abaninzi kwaSirayeli. Noko ke, ukuba atyelele lowo evulekileyo kuphela - Avshalom. Kwakhona kukho nemiqolomba emininzi ezincinane abunjwe ngokwendalo, ezo ngokwembali sele isetyenziswe njengendawo yokugcina, ifihla iindawo nokunxulumana nabanye abantu.

kumhlaba wakwaSirayeli

Indawo unique geographical zakwaSirayeli nempembelelo kakhulu ukwahluka zeengxondorha komhlaba. Inxalenye ntshona lizwe, eyenziwa unxweme kunye entabeni namathambeka, imihlaba izityebi omdaka, leyo uphawu ngenxa imimandla eyomileyo esihle. Ngomhla kummandla kwimimandla yasempumalanga ephambili ekujoliswe ntaba umhlaba zizimvi brown. Emzantsi, kukho iintlobo imihlaba entlango sehlathi.

Kwezinye iindawo kwelasezantsi esemantla kwakhiwa ukukhanya loess yellow otyebileyo. Xa umxholo wamatye lonxweme isusela ukusuka 0.75% ukuya 2.4% kubunzulu phezu kwamanzi, ngokulandelelana. Ground eNegebhi southern ubunjwe igranite isandstone, kunye cover ezweni kwelaseGalili - ukusuka lekalika. Uqweqwe Umhlaba asikho kuphela kwezinye iindawo entlango, intaba.

hydrography

Ukuba sijonga apho amaSirayeli, ungabona ukuba, bebangisana sikhundla lokuhlola amanzi. zolondolozo lwamanzi afreshi liqikelelwa kwi-1.8 billion cubic metres ngonyaka ngamnye. Kwezi, 1100 iphuma kwimithombo ezincinane kunye nemilambo, 320 - ummandla Israeli yeJordan, no-200 - ungenamandla i Yarkon River.

Kwakhona, amanzi acocekileyo lukhutshwe ukusisulungekisa amdaka kunye nokulungiswa olwandle. Ichibi esingundoqo eli lizwe i kuLwandle lwaseGalili. Kuye emva Rosh ha-Ayin emanzini Yarkon-yelasezantsi ke ubude lilonke malunga 250 neekhilomitha.

Xa kwintshona esemlanjeni welizwe fanele ukuya kuthi xhaxhe Basin. Akukho baninzi, yaye inkoliso yabo nje yomile ngexesha eshushu. imida Eastern kaSirayeli undrained. Umlambo kakhulu lomgadi lizwe ithathwa ukuba eYordan. Ngenxa izixhobo ngamanzi ngayo zabelo zilolo hlobo zazilulo. Ezi nketho kuphela izikhukula elifutshane. Of umdla olukhulu kuLwandle lwaseGalili. It is a ityuwa encinane, kodwa ezifanele ukusetyenziswa, kwaye osisityebi iintlanzi.

iimeko zemozulu

Sirayeli - kakhulu ilizwe elincinane, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana ezininzi ezilithoba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, leyo iyahluka ngokutsho iindawo kummandla kuyo. iindawo Intaba luphawulwa a ehlotyeni noko eshushu ebusika. Iindawo zonxweme uphawuleka shushu kakhulu ehlotyeni athi ndijonge. Kwaye ke Valley laseYordan ebusika olulamileyo mnandi, kodwa zasehlotyeni ezishushu kakhulu yaye komile. Loo yantlukwano wachaza ntlango nzima nenkqantosi kummandla wasempumalanga, kufutshane elwandle ngecala lasentshonalanga.

Indawo esikuyo kaSirayeli kuchaphazela imozulu. Ngokusisiseko, eli lizwe libe sezulu. Winter kakhulu opholileyo kwaye isina. Air ngoJanuwari idla ukufudumala ukuya degrees 9-22. The ulwandile lwemvula iwela ngoDisemba - February, buzokwenza kunqabile, uze kuphela ezintabeni.

Summer kwaSirayeli ithatha ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuNovemba. Isikakhulu owomileyo kwaye kufudumele. Le umoya ukufudumala ukuya degrees 30-38. Kodwa ngenxa ukufuma ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo lobushushu kubhaliwe babonwa ngokwahlukileyo. A isici esasenza iminyaka pores zakwaSirayeli baba imimoya ulophu abunayo. Amanzi kuLwandle oluFileyo idla akakhululeki degrees-30 ngo-Agasti, 25 - ngoFebruwari.

Flora

Israel Indalo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Apha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameli weSahara kunye umArabhi, Iranian-Turan kunye mmandla weMeditera. amazwe Izityalo zimelwe iintlobo-2600, 150 enokufumaneka kuphela kwaSirayeli yaye naphi na ehlabathini.

oki ngokubanzi, nomrharnate, nemikhiwane, nezinquma, msipres, ube ngowakhe, yanjengemithombe esesihlanjeni, kwemimirtile carob. Abantu balapha bathanda ukulima zomgamtriya, umnga nompleyini Alpine kwindawo ehlathini. Kuba luhlaza ezidolophini kusetyenziswa Casuarina, zepistasi, Ficus, oleander kunye komtamariske. Ngokutsho indawo ezi zityalo, uyakwazi ukubona apho ekupheleni zakwaSirayeli kunye nemida yalo.

kulona

zezilwanyana kwamaSirayeli imelwe ziintlobo 100 ezanyisayo, iintlobo 500 zeentaka kunye neentlobo 100 ezirhubuluzayo. Ngaphambili izilwanyana kwaba ngakumbi. Ukusuka kwezi ndawo ingonyama wanyamalala, ibhere umAram, ingwenya umNayile, njengeula eli, neyabemi iigusha, onager, nelinqa kunye yesikhova. Kodwa kukho ifunyenwe mazi yenkamela, imvu barbary, ibhokhwe Nubian, nebhadi, neula, yasendle kunye njengeula eli.

Kwakhona, uhlobo isilwanyana kaSirayeli fanekisela omanzi nomhlaba Ufudo. Alexander kuphela kuMlambo umNayile ingafumaneka iintlobo myagkokozhie. Kwakhona likhaya lerhamba wasePalestina, EFA, Boa, inyoka amanzi, inyoka amnyama nenala psevdovipera. Total uyakwazi ukubala iintlobo 30 yamarhamba, 8 kuzo zinetyhefu.

Le kome isihlobo yemozulu ubeka inani kweentlobo emanzini. apha Bona thaca uMlilo intulo, ibhendi ntulo, nolovane, frog umthi eqhelekileyo, waseSiriya spadefoot xoxo kunye eluhlaza.

Ngokufutshane, indawo geographical kaSirayeli inika amathuba amaninzi kweli lizwe. Ingakumbi apha uthando ukuhamba umhambi ngenxa iiholide Ngaphambili KwiMeditera, Dead kunye ulwandle olubomvu.