Indlela yokulima imithi: entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla

Imithi yezithelo kunye nezihlahla zifuna unonophelo oluthile, kubandakanywa ukutyilisa nokutya ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kodwa kunye nezihlahla ezifanelekileyo. Ngaphantsi kwesikhewu yinkqubo ekhethekileyo ye-agrotechnical, ebandakanya ukususwa ngokukodwa okanye ngokugqibeleleyo kwamagatsha kunye namahlumela ahlukeneyo. Injongo yokulawula ukukhula, ukuphuhliswa kunye nokuvelisa imithi kunye nezihlahla. Kule nqaku, siya kukuxelela ngokucacileyo indlela yokucoca imithi entwasahlobo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zeziphi izixhobo ezifunekayo ezilungiselelwe oku. Siyathemba, iingcebiso zethu ziyakunceda kwimiba enzima yokwenza umyezo.

Iintlobo zemithi yokusika izihlahla

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo, ezine iintlobo zokutyala ziyaziwa: ukuhlaziywa, ukulungiswa, ukulawula nokubuyisela. Makhe sijonge ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi. Ukuhlaziywa kwezihluma kwenzelwe ukubuyisela ukukhula kwemithi yamandulo, ukukhuthaza i-bookmark generative buds, ukwandisa i-fruiting nokuphucula imbonakalo yazo yokuhlobisa. Kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izithsaba zeebhasi ezingenakunyuswa kunye nemithi yasegadi. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kokuveliswa emva kokuqala kweminyaka emibili ukuya kwimithathu yefruiting okanye ngokunciphisa ukuqhutywa kwemisebenzi. Ngexesha elifanayo nciphisa ama-agqirha andala kwaye anelisekile kwaye ushiye amahlumela amancinci kunye nempilo. Phinda inkqubo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Ukwenza izihlahla ukukhawuleza ukukhawuleza ukuqala kwezimbali, kwandisa isivuno kwaye kunika imithi kunye nezihlahla ukubonakala okuhlobisa kakuhle. Iveliswa kwiminyaka yokuqala ukuya kweyintlanu emva kokutyala isityalo esincinci kwaye yenzelwe ukudala isithsaba esomeleleyo nesomelelekile, kulula ukunyamekela.

Lungisa kwaye ubuyisele ukubukeka kweso sithsaba

Ukulawula izihlahla kuyenziwa ukunciphisa umthamo nokuphakama kwesithsaba. Iphucula ukungena kweemitha ezikhanyayo kwaye yenza kube nokwandisa ukuveliswa kwemithi yezithelo. Njengolawulo, lwenziwa kwimiyezo yezolimo. Ukutyala ukubuyisela kwenzelwe ukuqhuba izihlahla nezihlahla ezingakhange zinike ingqwalasela eyiyo ixesha elide. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze isithsaba sesiqhelo esivamile, ukulungelelanisa inani lamashishini kunye nokuphucula ukukhanya. Ukutyala ukubuyisela oku kuquka ukukhutshwa kwamagatsha agulekileyo, aphukileyo kunye angenakusetyenziswa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba inokusetyenziswa kwi-podmerzshim kwaye ifumene nasiphi na umonakalo owenzela umthi kwiziqhamo. Emva koko, siya kukuxelela indlela yokucoca imithi, yintoni okufuneka uyilungiselele kwaye ngeliphi ixesha lonyaka lilungele ukufeza le nkqubo ebalulekileyo.

Ngaba sisusa amasebe ebusika okanye entwasahlobo?

Ukuchonga ixesha elifanelekileyo le nkqubo ye-agrotechnical ibaluleke kakhulu. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba nayiphi na ukususwa kwamacembe kunye namasebe yintsebenzo emva koko umthi uza kuphilisa amanxeba ixesha elide, kwaye oku kufuna iimeko ezilungileyo kakhulu. Ngako oko, ixesha elifanelekileyo kakhulu lokutyala i-Matshi no-Apreli, oko kukuthi, ixesha elide de ukuhamba kwe-sap uqalise. Abanye abalimi banikela ukususa amahlumela emithi yezithelo, ukususela ngoJanuwari-Februwari. Ingcebiso enjalo inokuthi ilungele kuphela kwimimandla esezantsi yaseRashiya, apho iindidi zifudumala kwaye zifutshane. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi, kuquka i-Volga ephakathi, lesi siphakamiso asisebenzi - kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuthi imithi iya kubandezeleka ngeqabunga kwindawo yokucoca. Kodwa ukugxotha inkqubo yokususa amasebe angafunekiyo kuze kubekho ihlobo alunqwenelekayo. Xa ukusika imithi yezithelo? Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze oko ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuze baqine kwaye baphuhlise kakuhle. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sango-Apreli, imithi "ivuke" - oko kukuthi, ukugeleza kwentsholongwane kunye nokukhula okusebenzayo kweentso kuqala. Ukukhawulelwa kwexesha elide kwamasebe aphezulu kunye nokususwa kweemifuno ezinkulu ze-apical kungaholela ekunciphiseni isivuno. Ewe, imithi ayiyi kuphelisa izityalo, kodwa i-dormant ehleliyo, i-floral ekhulayo iya kukhula ngakumbi, amahlumela aya kuba yintlupheko, kwaye i-flowering - kamva.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukunqumla imithi ehlobo nasekwindla?

Kwezinye iimeko, i-pruning yenziwa emva koko. Ehlobo, kuvunyelwe ukuba unqumle unqamle isithsaba. NgoJulayi, amahlumela entwasahlobo akhula ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela isigqibo esipheleleyo malunga nenani eligqithiseleyo lamasebe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokucuthwa, ukuvula ukukhanya kwelanga phakathi kwesithsaba. Kubalulekile ukususa amahlumela enamandla kunye namahlumela angathethi. Ngaba ndinokunquma imithi ekuwa? Ewe, kunokwenzeka, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo emva kokuphela kokuvuna naphambi kweqabunga lokuqala. I-autumn pruning ihamba phambili kumzantsi welizwe, apho kungekho ziqhwala ezinzima. Kwindawo engundoqo yeRashiya, kunokukhokelela ekuqhenqeni kwe-cortex kwisayithi yokunqunyulwa kunye nokufa okulandelayo komthi. Kwikwindla kuyimfuneko ukususa iphukile, i-shrunken, ikhula kwii-angles okanye kumasebe afanelekileyo. Khumbula ukuba ukucima amahlumela okugula kufuneka kususwe kwisayithi kwaye utshise. Ngoku uyazi nokuba kunokwenzeka ukusika imithi ehlobo nasekwindla. Emva koko, siya kuthetha malunga nezixhobo zengadini oyifunayo kunye nendlela yokuphumeza le nkqubo ye-agrotechnical ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukulungiselela izixhobo zomsebenzi

Indlela yokunqumla imithi kunye nezihlahla? Okokuqala kufuneka ulungiselele izixhobo. Udinga umkhwa ogadile wegadi (ukusika amagatsha emithi emincinci kunye neyincinci) kunye nama-secateurs Unokufuna kwakhona i-hicksaw ngesandla ukuze ususe imipu emicinci kunye ne-saw-enkulu. Ukuba uceba ukunciphisa amaqabunga amaqabunga, kufuneka ulungiselele i-delimb ngezixhobo ezide. Zonke izixhobo ezilungiselelwe kufuneka zifakwe ngokulandelelanayo - ukucoca ii-blades, zibukhali kwaye zihlalutye. Ukongeza, uzakufuna i-chisel, i-stepladder kunye ne-brush yensimbi ukucoca iicandelo. Kwaye, ke, musa ukulibala malunga nendlela yokugubungela amanxeba amatsha. Sikucebisa ukuba usebenzise umyezo we-var var, ipeyinti yeoli okanye ipeyinti yeoli.

Indlela yokunquma kakuhle imithi encinane?

Ngoko, ukhethe ixesha elifanelekileyo kwaye uhlasele izixhobo zasegadi, kufuneka usebenze. Okokuqala ususe oomileyo, ophukile, ogulayo, obonakaliswe yizinambuzane kunye namagatsha angenangqondo. Emva koko ususe izihluma zengcambu, ezithintela ukunakekelwa komhlaba phantsi komthi. Emva kokuba kuqhutywe inkqubo efanelekileyo, efanelekileyo yonke imithi ngaphandle kweyodwa, umntu unokuqhubeka nokukhokela izihlahla, ezinezinto ezikhethekileyo zemithi yeminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezincinane, ngokwenene, zifuna ukunciphisa amahlumela. Ngethuba le-fruiting esebenzayo, kuya kufuneka, kwaye ngexesha lokuguga, inani elithile lamasebe liya kususwa kwaye lihluthwe. Indlela yokusika imithi encinane? Okokuqala, khetha amashishini angama-skeletal anamandla (amaqatha ama-3-5). Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba basuke kwi-trunk kwinqanaba eliyi-obtuse kwaye bakude ngokukhawuleza. Amasebe akhethiweyo ancishiswe ngokufutshane, ukwenzela ukuba avumele ukubunjwa kwamasebe aseburhulumenteni. Kule meko, lo myalelo ulandelwa: amahlumela aphantsi anqunywe ubude obufutshane, amahlumela aphezulu anqunywe ubude obude. Amasebe asele ancishiswe ngu-10-15 cm. Ukudubula okuphambili kunqunywe kwi-35-40 cm ngaphezu kwegatsha eliphezulu le-squeletric truncated.

Ndixelele indlela yokunyamekela isithsaba seziqhamo ezivelisa iziqhamo

Njengomthetho, ukunyamekela kwabo, ngaphezu kokunxiba nokugqoka okuphezulu, kuncitshiswa ukucuthisa isithsaba kwiindawo zamagatsha afaka okanye ukuqina okunamandla. Indlela yokusika imithi entwasahlobo? Isithsaba esininzi kufuneka sincincike kancane, phakathi kweminyaka emibili ukuya kwimithathu. Ngoko umthi ubonakaliswe kancinci kwaye ubandezeleka. Kubalulekile ukususa ezo zihlumela ezidibeneyo kwaye zikhule ngaphakathi kwithsaba. Amasebe amancinci athatyathwa ngamacu okanye i-secateurs, amasebe anqamlekileyo kunye ne-saw. Umgaqo osisiseko wokutyala i-ofisi enkulu yilo: kufuneka kususwe kwiindlela ezintathu, ngaphandle kokushiya umquba, oko kukuthi, "kwindandatho." Umngcele ngumda phakathi kwebala kunye nesiqu okanye phakathi kwesebe elikhulu nelincinci. Isalathisi esilandelayo sibonisa indlela yokwenza oku ngokuchanekileyo.

Imithi yokuhluma ngokufanelekileyo ifuna kwakhona ukunciphisa amasebe ukuba aqhubeke nokukhula kwazo iinkqubo.

Ukunciphisa imithi emidala okanye engayihoywa. Inkqubo yokucoca

Imithi endala kwaye ingayigxiliyo idinga ukunakekelwa okungakumbi. Akunakukwazi ukutyunjwa kakhulu kwaye azame ukuphula isithsaba ngexesha elilodwa. Imithi emidala imele ifuthe iifutshane. Oku kuya kuhlaziya isityalo kwaye kuqalise iindlela zokukhula. Isithsaba sinqunywe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Khetha enye okanye ezimbini ezinamandla ezinamaqabunga ezinamahlumela ezinamaqela amancinci, kwaye ususe. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, khetha enye okanye amabini amakhulu amakhulu kwaye uphinde uvelise ukususwa kwawo. Isithsaba esihlaziyiweyo sidinga ukunakekelwa-kufuneka sisuse amahlumela angafunekiyo kwaye sichaze ngokufanelekileyo kwicandelo lokukhula kwamasebe. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yamasebe anqununu yonyango lwamanxeba. Amacandelo anziwe ngama-saws, njengomthetho, anesigxina. Ukuthintela ukubola kweenkuni, umgangatho uphawulwe kwaye uhlanjululwe ngentshontshi yentsimbi okanye isitshe. Emva koko, amanxeba ahlanganiswe nge-wax yomyezo, ipeyinti yeoli okanye i-oyile yelisi. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukugubungela iindawo zeesetyana kunye noqweqwe oluncinci. Amanxeba amancinci (ngaphantsi kwe-1 cm ububanzi) akufanele agqitywe nge-garden verarnish.

Endaweni yokugqiba

Ukuba uyazi iteknoloji yokunciphisa amahlumela emithi yeziqhamo kunye nezihlahla zemihlobiso, akuyi kuba nzima ukuba uphendule umbuzo wendlela yokunciphisa umthi wemali.

Njengokuba kunjalo kwintsimi yezityalo, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele ummese okanye i-pruner. Okokuqala, kufuneka uhlolisise isityalo kwaye ucinge ngeso lengqondo esifanelekileyo. Emva koko kufuneka uqoke ngokucophelela amagatsha aseburhulumenteni kunye namahlumela aphezulu. Kancinci, uyakhela isithsaba, unike isimo esihle spherical. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iindawo zokucoca kufuneka zibekwe ngaphaya kweentso ezilele. Oku kuya kunceda ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwentswelo. Iifayile zemithi yokuhlobisa zifuna ukucutshungulwa, kodwa kungekhona ngefestile yegadi, kodwa nge-carbon echotshiwe.