Ingakanani utywala?

Njengomphumo wokusela iziyobisi, izixhobo zengqondo, ezempilo kunye nezokuziphatha zitshintsha. I-Ethanol, engena emzimbeni womntu, ayinayo impembelelo efanayo kubantu abahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, impendulo engaphenduliyo yombuzo - emva kokuba utywala obuninzi buhlangene - hayi. Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomntu, isondo, ubudala, amandla kunye nobungakanani, kunye nexesha eliye laphela ukususela ekufumaneni iziyobisi. I-ethyl yotywala iyancipha kakhulu emanzini, ngoko ke, xa ixilisiwe iqokelela kwiimfucu zala malungu aqukethe amanzi amaninzi, oku kuthetha kwingqondo, eyona nto ibangelwa yimpembelelo engqondweni kubantu: i-ethanol eyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu kwiisystem (Ngokukodwa i-cortex ye-cerebral).

Ukuxinwa kotywala kwiseli yengqondo kuku-75% ngaphezulu kuneeseli zegazi. Ngako oko, i-ethanol ibangela umdla onobunxila obunxilisayo , obunxulumene nobuthathaka kwinkqubo yokuvimba. Oku kulandelayo kubonakala buthathaka kweenkqubo zokuxhaswa, ukuvinjelwa kwe-oblong kunye nentambo yomthambo. Ukucinywa kweziko lokuphefumula kubonwa. Ngokusetyenziswa kotywala obuninzi - itafile equlethe i-forecastary theory, inika ingcamango yokuba eli xesha liza kuhluka kwixabiso elifanayo lebheriya okanye i-vodka. Ekubeni kweli lixa umlinganiselo wokuxila awufani omnye ngenxa yeengxubevange zee-molecule zotywala (C2H5OH) kwiiseli zegazi.

Ukubonakalisa ukuziphatha kakubi kotywala kunokungabi, kodwa oku kunciphisa isantya sokuphendula, umsebenzi weengqondo, amandla okwehla ukuqhuba izithuthi. Ngokuxilisa kakhulu, kukho ukulahleka kovavanyo olwaneleyo kwimeko kunye nobuntu bakho. Intetho, imemori, ukulungelelaniswa kweminyango kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqalelo kuya kwenzeka. Ubuninzi bunxila bulahleka kumzimba womfazi okanye indoda? Kuyacaca ukuba kunye nesisindo somzimba esifanayo kunye nenani elifanayo lokusela kotywala, amadoda akhathazeka ngokukhawuleza kunabesifazane. Le nyaniso ichazwa ngamanqaku ahlukeneyo kwamanzi emzimbeni (ngamadoda ukuya kuma-58%, kwabasetyhini ukuya kuma-49%), ngoko ke ngokusetyenziswa kotywala kotywala ezahlukeneyo .

Ukufakwe kwiindonga zesisu (20%) kunye nesisu (80%), iamolekyuli ze-ethanol zingena kwicandelo legazi (i-plasma), equle malunga nama-85% amanzi. Igazi lihambisa ii-molecule zeC2H5OH zibe zizicubu kunye nezitho zangaphakathi, apho kungatshintshi. Ukusuka kubo ngegazi elibizayo libuyela kwiinkqubo ezidlulileyo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuninzi botywala - kuxhomekeke kwimeko jikelele yendalo ethile. Ngaphezu kwe-90% yotywala iphantsi kwenguqu. Inxalenye ephambili (75%) isetyenziswe kwisibindi, ngokukodwa phantsi kwezenzo ze-isoenzyme CYP2E1, iimveliso ezixutywayo zixutywe ngamagqabi. Ifomu engatshintshiyo (umchamo) ukuya kwi-10% ye-ethanol idityanisiwe. Ngokwengxenye, utywala kwakhona ukhutshwa kwi-air evavelar.

Ngoko ke, ngokusetyenziswa kotywala obuninzi, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumsebenzi weenkqubo ezithile zomzimba womntu. Ukugqithisa kumchamo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala malunga nemizuzu engama-40. Nangona i-metabolism esibindi isenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba utywala utyunjwe, de kube ngumzuzu xa iqela layo liqala ukukhula kwingqondo. Utywala buxiliswe ngokubanzi ngeqela lama-enzyme ayisithandathu, edibeneyo negama eliqhelekileyo li-alcohol dehydrogenase. Banceda ukuguqula kwi-acetaldehyde (ngokwenene inetyhefu ngaphezu kwe-ethanol), oko kuguqulwa kwi-acetic acid.

Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuphepha imihiyozo nemithendeleko, apho kutywala khona iziyobisi. Ngokomyinge, 100 ml ye-vodka ingafaniswa, malunga neeyure ezine. Ngokuchanekileyo, unokufunda kwiitheyibhile, emva kweeyure ezininzi zokusela utywala, oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uqaphele umzimba wakho kwaye ube nesimo esifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthetho kunye nokuhleleka kumazwe amaninzi, umxholo weC2H5OH egazini ulinganiswa ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo (ukuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla okutshintshiweyo).

Nangona ubuqhetseba bokuphulwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous ehlukileyo kubantu abahlukeneyo kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo kotywala egazini, kodwa ingcamango yayo ingalinganiswa ngokuthe tye kwaye ifaniswe nenani elimiselweyo, kwaye iziphumo ezisemthethweni zemiqathango aziphikisana ngokusemthethweni. Umthetho wamazwe amaninzi avimbela ukuqhutshwa kweemoto kunye nokulawulwa kwezixhobo ezinzima xa umgangatho osetyenziswayo otywala egazini udlulile .