Insulin-ezifana ukukhula: nanjengokwesimo kwaye ukuphambuka

Insulin-ezifana ukukhula ebizwa hormone efanayo kubume imichiza insulin. UMthetho iinkqubo iseli ukwahlukanisa, uphuhliso lwabo kunye nokukhula. Kwakhona inxaxheba ukutya iswekile yegazi.

History of izovela

Buyela kwi 50 ubudala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, izazinzulu ziye zacebisa ukuba phakathi hormone ukukhula (zezith), ekwabizwa ngokuba hormone nokukhula iiseli zomzimba, kukho kolunye ethile. Le nto kwisigqibo yokuba hormone waba nefuthe kuphela kwi esiphilayo, kodwa xa ilawulwa kungena iiseli izihlunu, kwanokuba ukuba sasi kwisa- medium zizondlo, akukho isiphumo uyalandelwa.

Ngo-1970, kwaye kwafunyaniswa somatomedins, leyo ababalulwa abalamli. Baye ngokuba imiba insulin-ezifana ukukhula. Ekuqaleni bodwa amaqela amathathu kwezinto: A somatomedin (IGF-3) kunye B (IGF-2), C (IGF-1). Kodwa ke ngo-1980 yeso sizathu-2 insulin-ezifana ukukhula, kwakunye 3 - oku bento yokulinga kuphela, kodwa ngokwenyani ayisekho. Kuphela waqinisekisa ubukho IGF-1.

isakhiwo

Insulin-ezifana ukukhula 1 (IGF-1) ibandakanya asidi 70 acid benza unxibelelwano intramolecular nge chain-kwo. It is a peptide lona lubopha kwiiproteni plasma, ebizwa ngokuba yi-lomthonyama factor ukukhula. Bavumela somatomedins busebenza ixesha elide. Kuthatha iiyure eziliqela, lo gama ezamahala uthe ixesha elingadlulanga kwimizuzu ngaphezu kwama-30.

Hormone iyafana proinsulin, apho wafumana igama lakhe. Yaye Yindibanisela ngendima somatomedin enkulu edlalwa insulin ngqo. Ngapha koko, ukuba negalelo ekufumaneni zonke acid ezifunwa yi sisibindi ukuqalisa indlela indalo le FMI.

yokuqaphela hormone

Uthe factor ukukhula nzulu ezidalwe ingqalelo ukubonelela inyathelo hormone okukhula. Oku kuhlelwe yi hepatocytes kwesibindi njengempendulo receptor inkanuko. Phantse zonke izicwili inyathelo hormone ibonelelwa IGF-1. akufumana esibindini yangena egazini, yaye ukusuka apho, ngenxa yolamlo iiproteni othwala zomzimba kunye namaziko. Uthe hormone eshukumisa ukukhula amathambo, kwizicwili kunye nezihlunu. Kwakhona, insulin-ezifana factor ukukhula kuhlelwe ngokuzimeleyo ezintweni ezininzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iseli ngamnye ngokuzimeleyo ukunika ngokwabo nale nto.

Secretion of IGF-1 yi ukunyuka isibindi phantsi intshukumo ye estrogen, androgens, insulin. Kodwa glucocorticoids lifinyele. Kucingwa ukuba esinye sezizathu zokuba ezi zinto zichaphazela ukukhula kunye nophuhliso eziphilayo kunye ekujikelezeni kwayo nokwanda ngokwesondo.

izakhiwo

IGF eziseleni kwezihlunu usebenzisa ukukhula umsebenzi umdla insulin. It catalyzes lo Yindibanisela protein , kwaye ukucola inkqubo kukwaphulwa. Kwakhona ngokutshintsha nethe, ikhuthaza njengokutsha olukhawulezisiweyo ngamanqatha.

Insulin-ezifana factor-1 ukukhula esidityaniswe ingqondo yebhinqa kunye ngxenye. Uyifumane egazini luxhomekeke kukhetho yezinye iihomoni. Umzekelo, kwi xiyimiso elisezantsi kwandisa secretion hormone okukhula. Kwakhona kwandisa imveliso wokukhula hormone-ikhuphe hormone. Kodwa kumanqanaba aphezulu IGF-1 secretion of uthe hormone lifinyele.

Phakathi somatostatin kunye insulin-ezifana factor lokukhula ubudlelwane ngqo lusekiwe. Ngokwanda womnye kubo ukunyuka kunye ingqalelo le yesibini.

Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuba usebenzise ibe iimbaleki steroid akuyomfuneko ngayo. Kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekupapashweni kweziphumo zophononongo ezo zibhekiselele iziphumo ezibi wolingo ukuthatha amachiza eziqulathe insulin-ezifana ukukhula (IGF). indlela yabo ingakhokelela seswekile, ongaboniyo, ukuphazamiseka zentliziyo izihlunu, neuropathy, ukuphazamiseka hormone. Ukongeza, le nto enye ehlanganisa ezinkulu ukukhula yamathumba ngumhlaza.

iimpawu IGF

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba insulin-ezifana ukukhula 1 uvikivwa ebudaleni kwaye ebuntwaneni, kwaye lelona liphezulu phakathi elivisayo. Kodwa abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abadala inqanaba kabani kwale hormone ikufutshane nelona qondo liphezulu eqhelekileyo age group lwabo baphila ixesha elide. Ukongeza, ukuba ngaphantsi lula ukuba isifo sentliziyo kunye imithambo yegazi. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukwandisa imali ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Blood yoxinaniso emini imalunga efanayo. Ngoko ke, oku kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya yokuphazamiseka kuphuhliso hormone yokukhula. Ngapha koko, uyazikhomba hormone egazini yahluka imini yonke, kwinqanaba esicaciswe ebusuku. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngokuchanileyo ukubeka isixa kuyingxaki.

Ukunciphisa uyondelelwano lwee- hormone

IGF-1 yabhaqwa kuphela ngo-1978. Ukususela ngoko kakade, savalelwa kakhulu uphando oluninzi, ngenxa obemiswe inani imithetho. Ngenxa yoko, intsilelo yobuntwana yakhe isizathu zokulibaziseka yokukhula kunye nophuhliso ngokomzimba wosana. Kodwa kwakhona yingozi ukuba insulin-ezifana factor ukukhula zancitshiswa abadala. Ngapha koko, ziphawuleka lokungaphuhliswa izihlunu, sinciphise kwamathambo, utshintsho kubume kwamafutha.

Kubangelwa kukungabikho IGF inokuba linani izifo. Phakathi kwabo, iingxaki zezintso, isibindi. Ngokufuthi unobangela isixa yehlise IGF sisifo ezifana hypopituitarism. Le yimeko apho lweHo- enokuthintela okanye ephawulekayo nokuphungulwa imveliso hormone yebhinqa. Kodwa kunciphisa ukuveliswa somatomedin kunye intswelo amandla, okanye, ngendlela elula, yindlala.

Ukunyuka IGF

Nangona iziphumo ezingancumisiyo, nto leyo ebangela ukunqongophala IGF-1, akukho mfuneko yokuba ukucinga ukuba ukunyuka kwenani engafuneki embi kangako.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ukukhula insulin-ezifana 1 zanyuswa, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni acromegaly abadala kunye gigantism ebantwaneni. isifo zingane lubonakala ngolu hlobo. Baqala yokukhula ithambo kakhulu. Oku kubangelwe Ukukhula okukhulu nje kuphela, kodwa ukwanda isiphelo ngobukhulu esikhulu.

Acromegaly, okwenzeka abadala kukhokelela ekwandeni yomlenze amathambo, izandla nobuso. Kwakhona ubunzima kunye nezibilini. Oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni ngenxa cardiomyopathy - isifo apho abachaphazelekayo umsipha kwentliziyo, badlula umsebenzi wayo.

Amaninzi isizathu wandisa ukukhula insulin-like, ithumba yebhinqa. Kuwo ungafumana balahle encediswa amayeza, chemotherapy, kwaye lungasuswa intsumpa. Uhlalutyo inceda agqibe njani unyango ngempumelelo, okanye ujonge ukuba ngaba umsebenzi lowo ngendlela eyiyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ithumba akukho ngokupheleleyo isusiwe, uyazikhomba IGF inyuswe.

ucwaningo

Ukuxilonga utshintsho uyondelelwano lwee- insulin-ezifana into yokukhula kumaziko zaselebhu mihla ukusebenzisa indlela IHLA. Ngoko wabiza uhlalutyo immunohemilyuminestsentny. Oku kusekelwe omzimba antigen. Xa step wedwa efunekayo into eqhotyoshelwe kuso Nezinto - phosphors, kwezibonakalayo phantsi kweultraviolet light. inqanaba labo chweba ulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - a luminometer. Ngokutsho kuyo, uyazikhomba izinto ezikhethiweyo apha kule serum.

Survey Ukulungiselela

Ukuze ubone IGF-1, insulin-ezifana factor ukukhula, kuyimfuneko ukuba unikele ngegazi kusasa azile. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ukusela kuphela amanzi okungenanto. Isithuba phakathi isidlo yokugqibela kunye ucingo kwezixhobo yophando ukuba ngaphezu kweeyure ezisibhozo. Kubalulekile ukuba imizuzu engama-30 phambi kokuba unikezelo uhlahlelo isigulane ukuphumla. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza uphando athathe igazi lwemithambo.

Ngaphezu koko, iingcali Siyaleza bashiye uhlalutyo ngexesha izifo zemiphunga etsolo (imvelaphi wentsholongwane egazini okanye bacteria) ukwenzela ukuphelisa iziphumo zobuxoki.

ezomhlaba

Xa ufaka iintlobo elabhoratri kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ngonaphakade. Ngapha koko, kuxhomekeke kuye ke ngoko kufuneka ibe yintoni esingayi insulin-like ukukhula. Ummiselo lusekiwe kudidi ngamnye. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ingqalelo kungekhona avareji kodwa data ze elebhu apho uthathe iimvavanyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa olufikisayo abaminyaka yobudala eyi-14-16 amanqanaba hormone inokuba ukusuka 220 ukuya 996 ng / ml. Kwaye abadala, ezo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-35, akufuneki ukuba igqithe ixabiso 284 ng / ml. I omdala kwisigulana, uphantsi inqanaba iphezulu IGF kufuneka. Emva kweminyaka 66, izinga bunikwa kuluhlu 75-212 ng / ml emva 80 - 66-166 ng / ml.

Kwakhona amanqanaba Abantwana IGF iya kuxhomekeka yobudala. Xa kubelekwa, nto leyo nokuba 7 iintsuku, kufuneka ibe 10 ukuya 26 ng / ml. Kodwa emva kweentsuku 16 ukuya kunyaka-1, izinga elenziwa into 54-327 ng / ml.

ukubonwa kwezifo

Ekubeni sizimisele insulin ezifana factor ukukhula, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufumanisa inani lezifo. Ukunyusa umgangatho wayo yobungqina nje kuphela gigantism ebantwaneni kunye acromegaly abadala. Oku kube ngumqondiso yamathumba wemiphunga isisu, ukusilela ezinganyangekiyo kwezintso. Kodwa Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kwandiswe, ukuthatha dexamethasone, adrenostimulyatorov alpha, beta-blocker.

Okwehlileyo amanqanaba IGF ebantwaneni ukuze abonise kwentlala. Xa abadala, inqanaba isoloko kuyehla xa hypothyroidism, ukuqina kwesibindi, uneanorexia nervosa okanye nje bazilile. Omnye oonobangela bezifo umnxeba ukungalali reception inani iziyobisi kunye amathamo aphezulu estrogen kunokwenzeka.