Interesting izibakala nobomi Tolstoy. Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich

Graf kunye academician ye-USSR Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy waba ngumbhali abanetalente kakhulu yaye ubhetyebhetye, owabhala neentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezalathiso. Isixhobo yakhe iingqokelela ezimbini yemibongo, iintsomi Imeko unyango amabali, kukho inani elikhulu edlalwa, ubuntatheli kunye namanye amanqaku. Ke kaloku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, yena - umbhali enkulu inkosi yamabali umdla. Wayeza kuba imbasa USSR State iBhaso (ngo-1941, 1943 no kokufa kwakhe ngo-1946). biography zoncwadi iqulethe ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla nobomi Tolstoy. Ngazo kwaye ziza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Tolstoy: Life Nomsebenzi

NgoDisemba 29, 1882 (Old January 10, 1883) e Nikolaevsk (Pugachev) ummandla Saratov bazalelwa Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich. Xa unina ukhulelwe, washiya umyeni wakhe N. A. Tolstogo kwaye baphila abasebenzi Zemsky A. A. Bostroma.

Alyosha ebuntwaneni bakhe wachitha ekwilifa ubaba wakhe kwilali kwiphondo Sosnovka Samara. Loo minyaka imyoli umntwana ikhule kakhulu kwaye yaso. Ke uTolstoy wawugqiba St Petersburg Institute of Technology, idiploma kodwa abakhange bakhusela (1907).

Ukususela 1905 ukuya 1908 waqala ukuzivakalisa imibongo iprozi. Udumo ukuba umbhali wafika emva amabali kunye neenoveli "Zavolzhye" umjikelo (1909-1911 GG.), "Presents" iinoveli (1911) kunye "Le nene neziqhwala" (1912). Apha ke wachaza isiganeko anecdotal engaqhelekanga eyenzeka kunye abaqeshisi ome lomthonyama iphondo lakhe Samara.

The World lokuqala

olunika umdla nobomi Tolstoy kuthiwa kwi World Okokuqala, wasebenza othile imfazwe. Kwaye ngoko ke ndandinehlombe kakhulu malunga i-Februwari Revolution. Umbhali xa ohlala eMoscow. Ngexesha wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali, uRhulumente Provisional elimisiweyo Tolstoy uMkomishinala ubhaliso yoshicilelo. Ukususela 1917 ukuya 1918, wonke umsebenzi ngobuchule umbhali nopolitiko wabonisa ukudakumba kunye nenkxalabo.

Emva kokuba Revolution, ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1923, ubomi Aleksey Tolstoy opasiswe ekuthinjweni. Ngowe-1918 waya Ukraine ngo ukhenketho uncwadi, yaye ngo-1919 waba abasuswe Odessa ku Istanbul.

izwe

Ukubuyela komxholo othi "Tolstoy: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba isibini iminyaka wahlala eParis, ngoko ngowe-1921 bafudukela Berlin, apho waqalisa ukuseka ubuhlobo ezindala kunye ababhali ababesele eRashiya. Ngenxa yoko, akazange abanjwe phezu kwamanye amazwe ngeli xesha le nkqubo Economic Entsha (1923), wabuyela wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Ubomi bakhe amazwe wazala iziqhamo, wabona ukukhanya umsebenzi wakhe ngokuphila "lwabantwana Nikita," "Indlela eKalvari" (1920-1922 gg.) - uhlelo lokuqala (1921), ngasendleleni, ngowe-1922, wamemezela ukuba kuya kuba trilogy. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo anti-yamaBolshevik umgca yenoveli iye yalungiswa, umbhali wayedla ukutshintsha umsebenzi wabo, badla ukuthingaza izibonda nobusi ngenxa imeko yezopolitiko USSR. Umbhali zange wakhohlwa 'izono' zabo - imvelaphi amanene kunye nemfuduko, kodwa wayesazi ukuba uye wabonakala uluhlu olubanzi kubafundi nje ngoku, kwi leSoviet.

yokudala New

Ekugalelekeni kwakho kwabo vimba kwinoveli Russian "Aelita" yapapashwa (1922-1923 GG.), The Sci-fi yohlobo. Isixelela ngendlela joni Red Army amalungiselelo revolution kwiMars, kodwa izinto zange zihambe njengoba kulindelwe. Emva kwethutyana ke inoveli wesibini uhlobo olufanayo: "Le hyperboloid of Engineer Garin" (1925-1926 gg.), Esiyinisayo umbhali kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona amaxesha amaninzi. Ngowe-1925, kwakukho ibali kwamnandi, "i-Union of ezintlanu." UTolstoy, ngasendleleni, nakwezo yakhe yakusasa kwangaphambili izimanga ezininzi zobugcisa, ezifana vaakelani va, iivoti capture isithuba, laser, "brake iparashute", kwisahlulo ngumongo atom, njalo-njalo. D.

Ukususela 1924 ukuya 1925 Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich inoveli kudala uhlobo satirical, "The Adventures of Nevzorov, okanye Ibikus" apho kuchazwe adventure wamazwe. Kucacile kule ndlela Ostap Bender wazalelwa Ilf kunye Petrov.

Interesting izibakala nobomi Tolstoy

Sele 1937, uTolstoy wabhala ibali umyalelo karhulumente i kukaStalin "Isonka", apho ngethuba iziganeko ungabona ngokucacileyo indima ebalaseleyo inkokeli yabasebenzi Voroshilov.

Omnye amabali abantwana wokwenene kwiincwadi ehlabathini yaba ibali A. N. Tolstogo, "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio" (1935). Umbhali kakuhle kakhulu kwaye kuyasetyenzwa ngokucokisekileyo nentsomi "Pinocchio" umbhali Italian Carlo Collodi.

Kweli thuba ukususela 1930 ukuya 1934, Tolstoy idala iincwadi ezimbini malunga uPetros kunye nexesha lakhe. Apha umbhali unika uvavanyo kwakhe ebikhona ingqiqo guqula yokumkani. incwadi yakhe yesithathu, "uPetros", wabhala, xa abagulela ukufa.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic Alexey wabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namabali. Phakathi kwazo kukho "uphawu Russian", "Ivan Grozny" njalo-njalo. D.

eziphikisanayo

Uchazo umbhali Alekseya Tolstogo kunokuba eziphikisanayo njengoko, isimiso, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. ESoviet Union yaba yesibini ngobukhulu emva umbhali Maksima Gorkogo. UTolstoy kwakungumqondiso indlela abanombono ngolo yokwenene yiSoviet naningabantu yezikhulu kakhulu. ingakumbi akazange akhalaze ngemfuneko kwaye soloko wahlala ngathi nene, kuba zange ayeke ukusebenza wokuchwetheza wakhe, wayesoloko kwemfuneko.

olunika umdla yobomi Tolstoy ziquka isibakala sokuba akwazi ndimangalelane abo bathe babanjwa okanye lihlazo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa sahlutha, yaye soyike ukusuka. Waye watshata izihlandlo ezine. NV Krandievskaya, omnye abafazi bakhe, ngandlel 'ithile wakhonza ngere- le namaqhawekazi yenoveli "Indlela eKalvari".

ngokuthanda uhlanga

Alexei wayekuthanda ukubhala ngendlela sengqiqweni kunye izibakala oyinyaniso, kodwa kakuhle wadala nangeyonyani. Wayemthanda, waye umphefumlo nayiphi yoluntu, kodwa kukho abo babonisa ukujongelwa umbhali. Ezi ziquka Anna Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Osip Hope (i Tolstoy wokugqibela ndafumana ngempama).

Alexei Tolstoy waye yokwenene yesizwe Russian umbhali, ngokuthanda uhlanga laseburhulumenteni, wayedla wabhalela izinto kwamanye amazwe kwaye ita ndandingafuni ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini ukuze baliqonde ngcono ulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe Russian.

Emva kokufa Gorky ukususela 1936 ukuya 1938 wabubhekisa i-Union of Writers Soviet. Emva kwemfazwe, waba lilungu ikhomishini ukuphanda zolwaphulo zabahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iminyaka yobomi Tolstoy kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela 1883 ukuya 1945. Yena wafa ngoFebruwari 23, 1945 umhlaza eneminyaka eli-62 waza wangcwatywa eMoscow emangcwabeni Novodevichy.