Ion - ezi athom ukuba baphathe ziindleko

Phantse wonke wabona zenze ebizwa ngokuba "neendawo Chizhevskogo» ion ezingentle emoyeni ziyanda nangokobungakanani kuzo. Noko ke, emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, asingabo bonke khumbula ngqo kwenkcazo mbono. Ion - amasuntswana umthetho, ezilahlekileyo uphawu kwabo athom eziqhelekileyo akakhethi cala. Kwaye ngoku ngakumbi kancinane.

athom "Akachananga"

Njengoko usazi, kukho inani elikhulu etafileni Mendeleev, ezinxulumene inani protons ngaphakathi kwinucleus atom. Kutheni na electron? Ngenxa inani kunye nokuphelela electron, nangona ifuthe iimpawu-atom, kodwa angamisela iipropati ayo angundoqo enxulumene kernel. Elektroni ayikwazi kubuzwa, kwaye inokuba kakhulu. Ion - it athom nje nge "ephosakeleyo," inani electron. Neyaziwa ngumzali HIV nokubane nokungabikho elektroni, kwaye ezingakhiyo - asele.

A engencinane ngayo amagama

Njengoko kukho ion? Lo umbuzo olula - Imfundo iindlela ezimbini kuphela. Okanye indlela lwekhemikhali, okanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Oko kwaku- entle, elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba zesiqinisekiso, kunye elibi, ngokulandelelana lo anion. Deficiency okanye ngaphezu kwentlawulo inokuba atom eyodwa okanye epheleleyo molecule, nto leyo nayo ingqalelo uhlobo olulodwa ion polyhydric.

Umnqweno uzinzo

Ukuba ionization medium, umzekelo, igesi, ngoko kukho umlinganiselo nangokobungakanani inxenye elektroni kunye unako ezintle. Kodwa lo mba kunqabile (ngexesha isiphango kufutshane ilangatye), igesi kule meko oluguqulweyo, apho ixesha elide. Ngokubanzi, ke ngoko, kufutshane emhlabeni ekwaziyo yokusabela ion moya - ingaqhelekanga. Irhasi - okusingqongileyo litshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Xa isenzo kwemiba ionizing umbhuqi uphelile, le ion sidibana omnye komnye, kwaye kwakhona babe atom cala. Le meko yabo eqhelekileyo.

ulwelo nochuku

Ion kukuninzi ukuze kuqulathwe emanzini. Isibakala sokuba iimolekyuli zamanzi - amasuntswana apho intlawulo wombane isasazwa edyokhweni phezu molecule, bamele dipoles ukuba kwicala elinye isimangalo entle enye - negative. Kwaye xa amanzi kubonakala enyibilikayo, iimolekyuli zamanzi nezibonda zabo zombane ukuthobela into wongezelela, ionizing kuyo. Umzekelo omhle amanzi olwandle, apho inaye ezininzi izinto ngendlela efana ion. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantu kudala. Kulo umoya phezulu kwindawo ethile ion baninzi kangaka, eli qokobhe kuthiwa ionosphere. radiation Solar utshabalalisa atom ezizinzileyo kunye iimolekyuli. Amasuntswana zikarhulumente insimbi abanike imibala engaqhelekanga ehlabathini kweziyobisi. Umzekelo - eqaqambileyo amatye elimbala engaqhelekanga.

Ion - sisiseko sobomi, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo esisiseko yokufumana amandla ATP akwenzeki ngaphandle ekudaleni amasuntswana ngombane ingazinzi ngokwayo internal cellular isekelwe unxibelelwano ze ion kunye nobuninzi iinkqubo zeekhemikhali catalyzed yi enqanda kwenzeka kuphela ionization. Ayimangalisi into yokuba ezinye izinto kule meko, umntu edla. A Umzekelo classic - ion zesilivere luncedo.