Isakhiwo mbewu apile. Botany: high-school

Apple umthi, inkcazelo leyo eza kuba kweli nqaku - enye isityalo iziqhamo ixhaphakileyo eRashiya. yokuthandwa kwayo ikhuthaza kuphela incasa kunye neenzuzo iziqhamo, leyo nelokungasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukutya, yaye ukulungiselela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Apple tree - umthi esezansi emangalisayo entwasahlobo. Ngaphandle apile, iipropati luncedo imbewu apile equlethwe iziqhamo. Oku nawo waxoxwa kweli nqaku.

Botany - isifundo zezityalo

Abo banqwenela ukwazi ukuba ukufunda Botany, linokubhekisela ekuhambeni isikolo eziphilayo. Botany, bethetha ngolwimi olulula, inzululwazi kwezityalo. Ngoko ke, lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwizityalo iziqhamo, kuquka nezo kom-apile, enokufunyanwa kwiincwadana kunye iimanyuwali kwi Botany.

Yonke into Botany ukufunda - na isakhiwo yezityalo, ubomi babo, iindlela yokuzala. Kwakhona eli inzululwazi ngokucalula nokwahlula zezityalo eziphilayo ziintlobo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukufunda ngendaleko yezityalo, imvelaphi yazo ngaphezulu. Kwaye ke, ubume yembewu ka-Apple.

Apple umthi: isakhiwo kunye nenkcazo

Apple umthi, inkcazelo leyo eza kuba kweli candelo, kukho umthi ziyahluka ngobude kuxhomekeka iintlobo. Kukho izityalo ukufikelela ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini ubude, yaye kukho ixesha elide - phezulu ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15. Umthi apile uneendidi ezimbini amasebe - oku kukhula, amasebe elide, kunye neziqhamo.

amasebe ukukhula imithi apile musa bangavelisi siqhamo. umsebenzi wazo kucacile ngamagama - abanoxanduva ukwanda kubungakanani emthini. amasebe Fruiting - omfutshane, umsebenzi wazo, ukuyilwa iintyatyambo kunye apile.

imithi Apple bafana igadi kunye zasendle. Branches of imithi yasendle babonelelwa enameva, le mithi aphile ixesha elide - ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, maxa wambi yobudala engama-200-300. Xa imithi yomyezo kunye spikes ameva, kwaye zihlala ngaphantsi kancinci - iminyaka malunga nekhulu, kodwa akukho ngaphezulu.

Amagqabi emithi apile nokuba ogudileyo okanye wayifulela fuzz ukusuka kwicala ezantsi - ngokuxhomekeke eyahlukahlukeneyo. Kwakhona umbala iintyatyambo kuxhomekeke iintlobo - nokuba qwa, okanye pink, okanye ezimhlophe kunye ithinti bomvu, kwaye nkqu nebomvu eqaqambileyo, phantse obomvu. Flowers ziqokelelwa kuzo inflorescences, umnqamlezo sukube.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iapile - iinkuni isinqandi-phantsi ngokwaneleyo ukumelana amazinga ukuya ku - 40 degrees. Olu phawu sesinye sezizathu ukuba ithandwa kangaka aphezulu iinkuni eRashiya.

Iziqhamo apile, inkangeleko

Apple umthi uqalisa nithwale isiqhamo-avareji engama-4-5 emva kokutyala. Noko ke, kukho iintlobo ukuba aqalile ukuthwala isiqhamo kunyaka wokuqala lokutyala, yaye emva kweminyaka-12.

Apple iziqhamo - apile, iyohluka, kuxhomekeke ezahlukeneyo umbala kunye nohlobo lwe nenkcubeko, kwakunye incasa inyama. Ngomhla ubungakanani apile ezi ezinkulu nezincinci, kwimilo - ngeenxa zonke, okweqanda, tapered, kunye nabanye. Umbala - luhlaza obomvu eliqaqambileyo.

Isakhiwo njengokhozo

Ukuba ukhangela iapile kwimeko, sinokubona isakhiwo yayo yangaphakathi. Ngaphandle camera isikhumba iziqhamo, ukukhusela umntwana ukusuka ukungena iintsholongwane kunye eziphilayo ezivela ilahleko fluid. Kwakhona, isikhumba inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokutshintsha gas.

Xa intliziyo kukho amagumbi imbewu-apile ezi - amatanki ukugcina imbewu.

Phakathi isikhumba kunye kwigumbi imbewu Enyameni - lubeuluchazo elikwindawo apho asetyenziselwa ukutya. umbala wayo, ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye nencasa luphawu varietal. Kukho iziqhamo kunye ido- oluhlaza, omhlophe, tyheli, kunye iimbalasane ezipinki. Ungqinelwano - dryish, uphuqeka, okanye amanzi futhi ngokuqinileyo. Xa overripening inyama uba grainy neyomileyo. Ido- - imveliso exabisekileyo kwaye iluncedo ukuba iqulethe eninzi iivithamini kunye ifayibha, ikhuthaza ukugaywa elungileyo.

Kwakhona, xa kujongwa kwicandelo longitudinal ye-apile, uyakwazi ukubona kukuqiniswa ekuthiwa-ifanele. Lisuka likhaba kusetyenziswa apho iapile edityaniswe yesebe. Kwelinye icala mbungu unalo yaphambana encinane, equlethe i sepals. Nzulu ebizwa - indebe fossa kunye sepals emihlanu.

Ubume kwembewu apile

imbewu Apple - bipartite, lenziwa cotyledons ezimbini. Ubume ngomntu ongowembewu ka-apile liphantse iyafana zonke izityalo dicotyledonous.

Yintoni na ke imbewu iapile? Njani imbewu apile? Ukuba isakhiwo yangoku imbewu apile ngokwalo, liphethe yingcambu yazo umbungu, kunye singasentla kulithatha zaseprayimari. Ngaphandle imbewu wambu ingubo imbewu. Le cotyledons imbewu bulk abahlala isale enomzimba umboniso - endosperm. umsebenzi kwakhe imithi apile kukulawula ukuhamba kolwelo kwi olungekazalwa.

Ngaphandle izitho ngasentla, isakhiwo imbewu apile luquka inyanda semithambo, chalaza kunye micropyle.

Iipropati eziluncedo imbewu apile

Umsebenzi ophambili we imbewu apile - enomfanekiso, kodwa kumntu limela inzuzo njengomthombo Izakha ezininzi kubalulekile empilweni.

Nangona kungekho ndawo enye kwimboniselo, nokuba ukusetyenziswa uluncedo kwi imbewu apile ukutya.

Phakathi iimpawu luncedo ka rimbewu ingabizwa into bazizityebi iodine yendalo, nto leyo ako ngokulula ngenxa yokuba ungumntu. Ngaphandle iodine, imbewu apile ziqulathe vitamin B17 isetyenziselwa yokuthintela umhlaza. Imbewu bamoya zisetyenziselwa iinjongo izithambiso ekwenziweni iimaski kunye ogutyula yobuso - kuba nomphumo ekuvuseleleni.

Kukho kwakhona wanda Oriental Medicine, owakhiwa yokuba isicelo imbewu apile kwiindawo ezithile ezandleni okanye ezinyaweni, ukuphembelela kakuhle izibilini.

Njengoko kuba iimpawu ezinobungozi wembewu apile, sifanele sikhumbule ukuba iqulathe amygdalin glycoside. Emva kokungenisa yale compound enza ityhefu enamandla - hydrocyanic acid. Ngoko ke, malunga nokusetyenziswa iimbewu apile kukuninzi nga zonakaliswe.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukukhula umthi apile evela imbewu?

Apple ingafumaneka noba izithole okanye zinamaqhina okanye zikhula kwezo nkozo. Apple, eyavela imbewu, iqala ukuthwala isiqhamo emva kwexesha ngokwaneleyo elide, kuthatha malunga 10-12 iminyaka. Bakholelwa akwazi ukuba imbewu ikhule kuthiwa-kuphela "wilding" a, isiqhamo elincinane ezimuncu, kodwa ayikho. Ulwazi olunomdla ukuba imbewu ka-apile apile efunyenwe iipropati ezahlukeneyo kunye neziqhamo, njengabantwana intsapho - evela kubazali efanayo, kodwa wonk 'yahlukile. Le mizekelo best zinokubangela ukuba iintlobo ezintsha zingadlalwa umva nge yokumilisela.

Indlela ihlume imbewu yeapile?

Okokuqala kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba apile, eziya itsalwa imbewu, hayi ngaphandle evela kumazwe afumileyo, kungenjalo izityalo ziya ngumkhenkce ebusika. Kunqweneleka ukuba Kwiziqhamo zemithi zomthonyama. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukhethe i-apile ripest, ukususa imbewu, kunye neentsuku ezimbalwa wababeka ulwelo efudumeleyo.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kuxhomekeke ngezizathu ntoni kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko baya kukhula imithi apile. Ukuba sezulu frosty, busika, kucetyiswa ukuba yantshula mbewu eyatyalwa ngqo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yale nkqubo ingcambu kuya kungena emhlabeni yaye akayi peremerzat. Kodwa kukho into ebaluleke imeko - amanzi komhlaba kufuneka ibe nzulu. Ukuba bekumele ukuba kulinywa imithi emhlabeni engumgxobhozo, imbewu kuyimfuneko kuqala ukukhula ezimbizeni. Xa kuhlwayelwe izithole zibe iingcambu ekhanyayo zonakala kancinane kwaye akayi ezikhula emhlabeni. Oko akuyi kuvumela isityalo ukubola.