Isikhundla Military SS. Ezintlwini Wehrmacht kunye SS

SS - omnye wemibutho kakhulu yingozi kwaye oyikisayo kwinkulungwane XX. De kube ngoku, oko luphawu yonke inkohlakalo ulawulo lwamaNazi eJamani. Kwangaxeshanye, lo mkhuba SS kunye iintsomi ezihamba samalungu ayo, yinto umdla zokufunda. mbali ezininzi zifumaneka kwiindawo ezigcinayo amaxwebhu German kula "elite" ngamaNazi.

Ngoku sizama ukuqonda ubunjani bawo. SS zimpawu kunye isihloko namhlanje uya kuba isihloko iphambili kuthi.

History of indalo

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala Ufinyezo SS beeyunithi zokhuseleko lamabutho zabucala Hitler yayisetyenziswa ngo-1925.

Le nto yinkokeli yepati lwamaNazi iye ingqongwe ngokwakhe nabalindi phambi Beer Hall Putsch. Noko ke, le ntsingiselo okubi kunye ezithile ngayo zifumaneka kuphela emva kokuba sele kwakhona bafunwe ukuba ukukhululwa entolongweni of Hitler. Ngoko ke inani SS bekusekho eliso libi kakhulu - baba kukho iqela labantu abalishumi eyakhokela Fuehrer.

Eyona njongo iphambili yale mbutho ukukhusela amalungu National Socialist Party. Military zeeteksi SS wabonakala kakhulu kamva, xa kuyilwa vaffen-akorobhe. Ezi kanye ezo iindawo mbutho ukuba ukukhumbula kakhulu ngokucacileyo, besilwa ngaphambili, phakathi kwamasoldati zesiqhelo Wehrmacht, nangona abaninzi wema phakathi kwabo. Ngaphambi ukuba SS yaba lamabutho nangona, kodwa imibutho 'yoluntu ".

Ukusungula kunye nomsebenzi

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, ekuqaleni SS - yinto nje yamafanankosi lobuqu uMlawuli kunye namanye amalungu ezithile eliphezulu iqela. Ngokuthe ngcembe, Noko ke, lo mbutho baqala ukwandisa, kwaye intsimbi yokuqala, ememezela amandla alo elizayo, waye ukuqaliswa ezizodwa SS-isikhundla. Sithetha ngento post-Reichsführer, ke ngoko Oyintloko a Fuehrer.

Ingongoma yesibini ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni mbutho imvume balihambahambe ezitratweni belingana kunye namapolisa. Oku kwenza amalungu SS akusekho onogada nje. Umbutho iye yaguquka yaba inkqubo esweni ngenkonzo epheleleyo.

Noko ke, ngelo xesha isikhundla wamajoni SS kunye Wehrmacht kuseyinto ngokulinganayo. Isiganeko eziphambili kuphuhliso lombutho ingabizwa, Kakade ke, ukufika isithuba-Reichsführer Genriha Gimmlera. Yaba nguye lowo, ukuba ngaxeshanye ukuya kuma ngentsika intloko SA, wakhupha umthetho ukuba akazange avumele nabani na emkhosini enika imiyalelo kumalungu SS.

Ngelo xesha, umkhosi eJamani esi sigqibo, Kakade ke, wenziwa ezingalweni. ukuze zonke ngakumbi kunye nayo nangoko wakhupha umthetho ezifunekayo ukunika onke amajoni ngopfu nokulahlwa SS. Enyanisweni, uHitler kunye noogxa bakhe provernuli umkhonyovu ezikrelekrele.

Eneneni, phakathi eklasini zamaqhawe inani abaxhasi yintshukumo yabasebenzi National Socialist ibe ncinci, nangenxa intloko zeqela uyayibamba, amandla, waqonda usongo ngumkhosi. Kwakufuneka kukukholelwa okunamandla kukho abantu abasebenzisa izixhobo ngokwemiyalelo kwi uMlawuli zilungele kufa, ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe kubo. Ngoko Himmler okunene udale umkhosi abucala amaNazi.

Eyona njongo yomkhosi entsha

Aba bantu kwenziwe ezimdaka kunye ephantsi, ngokwembono lomsebenzi yokuziphatha. Ngaphantsi imbopheleleko yabo kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, kwaye ngexesha amalungu imfazwe kwalo mbutho yaba nxaxheba eziphambili ezibulala sazela. figure SS-ahlohla zonke umthetho ngamaNazi.

Kuloyiso ekugqibeleni phezu ngegunya SS Wehrmacht yaba ukuvela eentloko ezaxhobela SS - kamva elite wamajoni Wesithathu. Nam ke jikelele akazange abe nelungelo lokuba ukubenza amalungu nkqu kwinqwanqwa liphantsi leri "unit yokhuseleko" lombutho nangona isikhundla ku Wehrmacht kunye SS efanayo.

Ukukhetha

Ukuze ufumane enhlanganweni iqela kwe-SS, kwakudingeka ukuba ilingane ezahlukeneyo iimfuno kunye parameters. Okokuqala, i-SS-amadoda afumana isihloko bezandla inkangeleko Aryan. kwafuneka ukuba iminyaka 20-25 iminyaka yabo ngexesha lokungena kulo mbutho. Kwakufuneka ukuba isakhiwo "ekunene" ye, yaba lukakayi, amazinyo amhlophe enempilo ngokupheleleyo. Amaninzi, ukungena SS yafikelela esiphelweni "inkonzo" kwi Hitler Youth.

Uhlanga iye yaba yenye parameters yokhetho ibalulekileyo, njengokunyebeleza kwabantu abazihlazisileyo amalungu ombutho lwamaNazi, wayeza kuba elite elizayo yoluntu isiJamani "kulingana phakathi unequals." Kucacile ukuba njengekhrayitheriya ibalulekileyo ukuzinikela engenasiphelo ukuba uMlawuli iminqweno iSocialism yeSizwe.

Noko ke, le ideology zange kube kudala, hayi kanye mandithi, wawa phantse ngokupheleleyo kokufika Waffen-SS. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umkhosi yabucala uHitler kunye Himmler waqalisa ukukhetha up bonke abo banqwenela vykazhet aze abonise ukunyaniseka. Kakade ke, iwonga mbutho uzama ukugcina, sabele basemzini ezintsha ezamkelwe kuphela elikwinqanaba SS amajoni kunye nokuzithatha ukuya iseli engundoqo. Emva bakhonze umkhosi ngathi umntu sifanele ukuba sibe sesizifumene ubumi waseJamani.

Ngokubanzi, "Aryans elite" ebudeni bemfazwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu "ukubaleka baphume", ukuba abulawe empini naxhamla banjwa. Kuphela izahlulo ezine zokuqala zaye ngokupheleleyo 'ifakwe "uhlanga ecocekileyo, phakathi, ngasendleleni, kwaye kwakukho i" iNtloko Abafileyo "kaHomer. Nangona kunjalo, i-5 ( "Viking") usinike ithuba lokufumana isihloko SS basemzini.

division

Eyona idumileyo kwaye semfene Kakade ke, lo Panzer kwiCandelo 3 "Totenkopf". amaxesha amaninzi kubhaliwe shwaka ngokupheleleyo, ukuba kutshatyalaliswa. Noko ke, waphinda wabuya waphila. Noko ke, ukwahlulwa ingazeki ngenxa oku, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba nayiphi na imisebenzi ngempumelelo emkhosini. "INtloko Ukufa kaThixo" - wokuqala kuyo yonke imali elingu kwegazi ezandleni emkhosini. Kungenxa kule candelo lelona nani liphezulu olwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye umphakathi kunye namabanjwa emfazwe. Seteksi kunye isikhundla ku SS ngexesha yamaTyala akazange adlale indima, ekubeni phantse lonke ilungu zeyunithi yakwazi 'emagqabini. "

Owesibini waba Division edume "Viking", kugaywa amagama lwamaNazi "izalamane ngegazi nomoya kwabantu." Phakathi kwabo kwakukho amavolontiya avela kumazwe Scandanavia, nangona inani labo zasendle khona. Ikakhulu SS-udidi nangoku enxibe baseJamani kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, lo umzekelo sele imisiwe, njengoko "Viking" yaba division yokuqala, apho baye bafunyanwa abasemzini. Kangangexesha elide babesilwa kumazantsi eSoviet Union, kwindawo engundoqo 'uqulukubhode' wabo Ukraine.

"Compostela" yaye "Ron"

Indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali kwicandelo SS kwaye ithatha "Compostela". Le yunithi wenziwa ngu amavolontiya avela kwintshona Ukraine. Izisusa abantu Compostela, abafumene isihloko SS German, baba elula - kwiBolsheviks bafika kwilizwe labo kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ukucinezela inani elikhulu labantu. Kule candelo akuzange kube kakhulu kangangokuba le sendiselane yembono kunye amaNazi, kodwa ngenxa imfazwe ndawonye, abaninzi zapadnoukraintsy baqonda ngendlela efanayo njengoko abemi USSR - .. Abahlaseli German, oko kukuthi, njengokuba wabasiki nababulali. Abaninzi apho avela ukuziphindezela. Ngokufutshane, amaJamani zazijongwa abakhululi ukusuka yamaBolshevik idyokhwe.

Loo mbono esiveza hayi kuphela abahlali Western Ukraine. 29 Division "RONA" wanika isikhundla kunye nomfuziselo SS baseRashiya, owayekhe ngaphambili wazama ukuba bafumane inkululeko evela ndawonye. Bafike ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo ukuba Ukraine - ukunxanelwa ukuziphindezelela nokuzimela. Kuba abantu abaninzi zibandakanya i-SS zabonakala lusindiso lokwenene emva kweminyaka engama-30-mi eyaphukileyo yobomi Stalin bakhe.

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, uHitler kunye namahlakani babesele ngokugqithiseleyo, nje ukuba abantu entsimini SS ezinxulumene-edabini. Lo mkhosi wawuqalisa ukuzuza abafana. Umzekelo okuphawulekayo kule - lesigaba "Hitler Youth."

Ukongeza, ephepheni, zininzi kwaye ukusungula iziko, ezifana naleyo wayefanele ukuba abe Muslim (!). Xa inani le SS maxa wambi waba abamnyama. Oku kungqinwa iifoto ezindala.

Kakade ke, xa kufika kule, bonke elitism unyamalele, kwaye SS waba inkampani phantsi kwesikhokelo elite lwamaNazi. Iqela lamadoda "non-bumnandi" ibonisa kuphela ukuba indlela lithemba wahlala uHitler kunye Himmler ekupheleni kwemfazwe.

Reichsfhrer

Eyona idumileyo wayeyintloko SS, kakade, Genrih Gimmler. Kuye wenza ukhuselo "yomkhosi yabucala 'i uMlawuli kwaye iye yabamba isithuba kweNtloko elide yayo. Loo nani ngoku ubukhulu becala wasentsomini: uthi ngokucacileyo apho iphela eyinyani, yaye apho yayenzekile biography of-mthetho lwamaNazi, ayikwazi ukuqalisa.

Ngenxa kwigunya SS Himmler ekugqibeleni komelezwa. Lo mbutho sele luyinxenye olusisigxina Wesithathu. SS-isikhundla ezifakwa ngabo, eneneni bamenza umphathi zonke umkhosi kaHitler lobuqu. Ndimele ndithi, kwi-ofisi yakhe uHenry wasondela ngenkathalo kakhulu - buqu kuhlola eminqubeni, ukuphumeza iitshekhi kwi izahlulo, yena inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso zomkhosi.

ngokwenene Himmler waba ingcamango lwamaNazi yembono kunye nenkonzo SS umsebenzi wakhe ngokwenene. Eyona njongo ephambili yobomi ngenxa kwakhe kwanokupheliswa yamaYuda. Mhlawumbi kwinzala amaxhoba Ngenkohlakalo kunye nemfuneko ukuqalekisa ngaphezu uHitler kuye.

Ngenxa fiasco esondelayo kunye nokwandisa clinical ka Hitler, Himmler watyholwa ukuvukela. I-uMlawuli wayeqinisekile ukuba akhe sizana bangena kwisivumelwano utshaba ukusindisa ubomi bakhe. Himmler walahlekelwa zonke izikhundla eziphezulu kunye namagama, kunye nendawo yakhe ukuthatha ntliziyo iqela ezaziwayo-kakuhle uKarl Hanke. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa SS, akabanga ixesha lokuba enze nantoni na banal ayikwazanga ubuveleli Reichsführer.

isakhiwo

SS impi, njengayo nayiphi na ukwakheka empi, waba ngobugcisa ngokungqongqo kwaye kakuhle.

Ixabiso liphantsi kule sakhiwo ukwahlulwa ibhola-akorobhe eyenziwa ezisibhozo. iiyunithi ezintathu ezifana zomkhosi kwakhiwa troupes SS - ngemilinganiselo zethu lo webutho.

Yaba amaNazi kunye nenkampani nogxa walo Sturm-SS, ebandakanya abantu abamalunga nekhulu. Wabayalela Untersturmführer, isihloko lwayo lokuqala kunye omncinane phakathi amagosa. Zezi yunithi-triple kuyilwa shturmbann SS, intloko okwaba Sturmbannfuhrer (isihloko uMajor SS).

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, shtandar SS - iyunithi liphezulu lolawulo-ndawo lombutho, analogue webutho.

Njengoko ubona, amaJamani akazange abe uzakhe ivili kakhulu elide ukufumana izisombululo yantlandlolo noshowo wempi yabo entsha. Bathi nje isithatha analogue imikhosi eqhelekileyo wamajoni, lubanike, Ndicel 'uxolo, ekhethekileyo "umhlangano lwamaNazi." Le meko efanayo kunye nezihloko.

isihloko

gaba Military ye Waffen SS phantse ezifanayo nezo ezintlwini Wehrmacht.

I mncinane konke nesoldati ekuthiwa Schutze. Ngentla kwayo kumi ngokubethwa-analogu - sturmmann. Ngoko ke isikhundla basukuma igosa Untersturmführer (uLieutenant), nokuqhubeka ilungiswe yi umkhosi elula gaba. Zahamba kulo myalelo: rottenführer, Scharfuhrer, Oberscharführer, Hauptscharfiihrer kunye sturmscharführer.

Emva koko kwaqala umsebenzi wayo sostav.Vysshimi ezintlwini igosa baba Jikelele (obergruppefyurer) wezemikhosi, kunye Colonel-Jikelele, ababethwala igama oberstgruppefyurer.

Bonke bephela aphantsi umphathi omkhulu kunye nentloko SS - Reichsführer. Xa isakhiwo SS ubekwa akukho deal enkulu, ngaphandle kokuba amagama. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ezakhiwe ngendlela kunye nomkhosi eqondakalayo, ingakumbi xa ufake isihloko intloko isakhiwo se-SS - ngoko yonke into uba ngokubanzi kakhulu lula ukuqonda kwaye ukhumbule.

zimpawu

Ngenkuthalo kwaye isikhundla ku SS umdla ukufunda umzekelo iziziba zamagxa kunye nomfuziselo. Bona lubonakala ngokuba ubuhle ezinamagama kakhulu becinga malunga impumelelo yabo kunye baseJamani indawo German kwaye ngokwenene ziboniswa kuye ngokwakhe zonke izinto. Isihloko eliyinhloko ukufa kunye neempawu Aryan yamandulo. Ke ukuba isihloko kwi Wehrmacht kunye SS zange zinokwahluka, akunjalo wathi ezizibeni zamagxa namanxeba. Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko?

ezizibeni zamagxa baye bacela nto okukhethekile - ngomvumbo yesiqhelo emnyama. Kuphela mahluko - ngemivumbo. Amagosa Junior aphumileyo kude, umcu kunjalo, iirholithi zabo egxalabeni emnyama okantovyvayut, umbala apho kwakuxhomekeke seeteksi. Ukususela Oberscharführer, phezu iinkwenkwezi ezizibeni zamagxa wabonakala - baba elikhulu ubukhulu nemilo square.

Kodwa ngokwenene uyolo ubuhle zingafumaneka ngokuqwalasela Sturmbannfuhrer nomfuziselo - kwifomu yayifana ke runes yaseScandinavia kwaye aluka kwi ligature engaqhelekanga, phezu kwawo iinkwenkwezi ebekwe. Ukongeza, imivumbo, iziqwengana ngaphandle, oki sheets kuvela uhlaza.

epaulettes Jikelele yayidlalwa bayo efanayo, kuphela ukuba umbala segolide.

Noko ke, umdla ngokukodwa sokuqokelela ofuna ukuqonda inkcubeko kunye amaJamani yelo xesha bamele ezahlukeneyo iibheji, kuquka iimpawu division, apho wakhonza njengelungu le-SS. Kwakhona ibe 'intloko ufile "crossbones, nengalo Norwegian. Ezi patch zingalungiswanga, Noko ke, baba yomkhosi efanayo ye-SS. amalungu amaninzi lombutho sinelunda ukunxiba kubo, qiniseka ukuba benze into elungileyo kwaye Isiphelo kwicala labo.

imilo

Ekuqaleni, xa SS nje wabonakala, ahluka lilungu eliqhelekileyo leqela "ekampini" abanokuba neckties: Baba omnyama, hayi emdaka. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba i "abakhethekileyo" iimfuno inkangeleko kunye nokwabiwa ngakumbi ndanda ngaphezu esihlweleni.

Kuthi kwakufika yentlangano Himmler baba umbala engundoqo black - amaNazi ayenxiba iminqwazi, izikipa, iiyunifom le umbala. Ezi omivumbo zongezwa iisimboli Rune kunye 'intloko abafileyo ".

Noko ke, ekubeni yokungena Jamani empini wabonisa ukuba abamnyama kakhulu ime phandle phezu edabini, ngoko yaziswa iyunifomu yomkhosi hina. Kusenjalo, ngaphandle umbala, kwaye ngendlela efanayo engqongqo. Ngokuthe ngcembe selilidala indawo abamnyama ngokupheleleyo. Form amnyama ingqalelo wamasiko kuphela.

isiphelo

uluhlu SS Military athwale intsingiselo ethile engcwele. Bona - osengqondweni kuphela amagosa yamajoni Wehrmacht, omnye Ukutsho ke ndithi, yokucukucezwa kuwo. Bathi: "Khangela, thina -. Kwaloo nto inye, kodwa umthetho thina, wena awukwazi '

Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo SS ukusuka umkhosi njengesiqhelo lwaluquka ayikho buttonholes, iyunifom kunye negama labo phakathi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kukho amalungu ombutho - ukuba uzinikelo olungenasiphelo ukuya uMlawuli, leyo lisola ngentiyo kunye igazi. Ngokutsho iidayari ngamajoni German, abazange singafani 'izinja kaHitler "ngenxa yekratshi labo nokudelelwa bonke abantu.

Sengqondo esifanayo kumagosa - into kuphela ezo ubunzima amalungu yamajoni SS, injalo le kukoyika okukhulu kubo. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso elifomatiweyo Major (kwi-SS yi Sturmbannfuhrer) lifikile ukuba kuthetha ntoni eJamani okuninzi abakuluhlu liphezulu elula emkhosini. ubunkokheli beqela lwamaNazi phantse lonk kwicala 'yabo' ngexesha ezinye iingxabano vnutriarmeyskih, kuba babesazi ukuba bakwazi bathembele kuphela kubo.

Ekugqibeleni, hayi zonke izaphuli-SS Wawafumana ubulungisa - abaninzi kubo basabela kwilizwe eMzantsi Merika, ukutshintsha amagama kunye bazifihla kwabo baza ityala - oko kukuthi, lonke ihlabathi ephucukile.