Isivumelwano seLisbon

I-EU, eyona ndawo iphambili yezopolitiko, inokubunjwa kwayo kuze kube yimhla, i-27 ithi. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2004, xa libala ama-25 kuphela, lithe lahlaselwa kwaye laqala ukulahlekelwa ngumntu wentando yeninzi. Ngaloo nto, ngelo xesha, umba wokumkela uMgaqo-siseko we-European Union uvele ngokukhawuleza. Kwiminyaka emininzi yokuphuhliswa kwayo avunyelwe ukuba athole umthetho owedemokhrasi, owawusayinwa kuwo onke amazwe athatha inxaxheba. Kodwa i-18 kuphela isayine yona. Ngoko ke, ininzi yemimiselo yomthetho kwafuneka ichithwe okanye ihlonyelwe.

Uxwebhu olutsha malunga nokuguqulwa kwegama lubizwa ngokuthi "i-Lisbon Treaty", aluzange lisebenzise igama elithi "uMgaqo-siseko" kwaye lasayinwa ngomhla kaDisemba 13, 2007 kwisikhululo sePutukezi ngamazwi onke angamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ayingxenye yeYurophu. Ngaloo ndlela, le mbambano ithatha indawo yoMgaqo-siseko omdala weYurophu yaseYurophu kwaye ibe nenjongo yokuguqula inkqubo yolawulo lweYurophu, kwaye yaba ngumgaqo wokusebenza kwe-EU kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo.

  Isivumelwano saseLisbon sidibanisa ibhalansi phakathi kweminqweno kunye neenjongo zelizwe lelungu le-EU , ngaloo ndlela linika isimo "samandla amakhulu" kulo mva.

Isicatshulwa salesi sivumelwano sichitshiyelwe amaphepha amathathu asemqoka kwiYurophu YaseYurophu: iSivumelwano saseRoma, iSivumelwano seMaastricht kunye neSivumelwano seMandla e-Atomic. Isiseko esisemthethweni seManyano sisenzo esilungisiweyo ezimbini: DES kunye ne-DFES, bobabini banamandla alinganayo ngokomthetho.

I-DEC iquka imisebenzi ephambili kunye neenjongo, iziseko kunye nemigaqo ye-EU. Ichaza iindlela zokusebenzisana kwamazwe athathe inxaxheba, kwakunye nokucacisa imisebenzi yemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni ye-Union kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko. U-ДФЕС ubona umgaqo-nkqubo we-EU, inkululeko, ukusemthethweni nokukhuseleko, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ukuxhumana kwangaphandle, imali.

  ISivumelwano saseLisbon sinamanani amaninzi, ayenze inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezivumelwano eziphambili. Ngoko ke, bacacise imimiselo yezivumelwano, okanye benze isimo sengingqi ethile kwimibandela eyahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, lo Mnqophiso usetyenzise umgaqo wobuchule, okokuba, i-European Union ayinalo ilungelo lokuhamba ngaphaya kobuchule abachaphazelekayo bamazwe.

Kwakhona, i-Lisbon Treaty inikezela inkqubo ye-Intanethi ye-European Union, ephethe amaziko anamagunya, amanye amabhunga adalwa ngokusekelwe kwizigqibo zamaziko kunye namaziko abizwa ngokuba ngamaziko.

Izakhiwo ezimbini zongezwa kumaziko: iBhunga, eli lilungu eliphezulu lamandla ezopolitiko kunye neBhanki Ephakathi. IBhunga linomongameli okhethwe iminyaka emibili nesigxina, kunye noMmeli oPhakamileyo we-EU kuMgaqo-nkqubo wezoKhuseleko kunye neMicimbi yeZangaphandle. Inani lamalungu eBhunga laMaspala akufanele lidlule ngaphezu kwamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi amahlanu ananye.

I-Lisbon Treaty ibonelela ukuba ezi zintathu zibandakanya, okubizwa ngokuba yiyo, ukuQiniswa kweBhunga, eli thuba libandakanya i-18months.

Amazwe athatha inxaxheba anelungelo lokugqiba isivumelwano kunye nabo ngokwabo xa bengangqinelani nezivumelwano ezisayinwe yiYurophu yaseYurophu okanye ayiyi kuhamba ngaphezu kwekhono layo.

Ngaloo ndlela, iSivumelwano saseLisbon sanika i-EU ithuba lokuchaza nokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle kunye nezokhuseleko, kubandakanya ukujongana nokusebenza kweemarike zangaphakathi kunye nomanyano wamasiko, ezoqoqosho, ezoqoqosho, indawo kunye nentlalo. Ukongezelela, i-EU inelungelo lokujongana nemicimbi yamandla, umthetho kunye nomyalelo, ezothutho, iingxaki zemvelo kunye nempilo kunye neminye imiba eminye. I-EU izimisele ukubonelela ngoncedo kunye nenkxaso kubo bonke amazwe athatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yemfundo, inkcubeko, ukhenketho kunye neyeza.