IThaimyrsky Reserve. Ukulondolozwa kwehlabathi kunye neRashiya

Indawo yokuThengisa "iTaimyrsky" inomlando onzima wokudala. Namhlanje ihlanganisa indawo engama-hektare angaphezu kwama-1,500, iintlobo ezinqabileyo zezilwanyana kunye nezidalwa ezifakwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu zikhuselwe kule mimandla. Umhla wesiseko esisemthethweni ngowama-1979, xa kusungulwe indawo yokugcina ukufunda nokugcina ihlathi, intaba, i-tundra kunye neenkcukacha eziphilayo ngokucacileyo.

Imbali yendalo

Emuva ngo-1939, abaphandi banquma ukudala indawo enkulu kwiTaimyr Peninsula. Ukuvulwa kwayo kwacetywa ngowe-1943, kodwa, ngelanga, imfazwe yaphuma zonke iiplani. Emva koko umbuzo wokudalwa kwendawo ekhuselweyo yanyuswa ngowe-1949, kodwa zonke iinkqubela zenzululwazi zatshatyalaliswa, kuba uhulumeni wayesandula ukunciphisa imimandla yeenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo. Ngaphezulu kweyodwa i-biosphere yeTaimyr igcinwe yayisekuhleni. Insimu yayilungiselelwe ukwandisa ukuya kwiihektare ezingama-10 ukukhusela izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga kunye neentaka ezinjenge-reindeer zasendle, i-musk inkomo, ibhokhwe ebomvu, kodwa yonke i-ecosystem yeTaimyr tundra, ukusuka kwi-Byrrang Mountains ukuya kwiindawo ze-Arctic.

Ngo-1979, ke, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ubhalise ngokusemthethweni isitoreji saseTaimyrsky. Oku kwakuquka indawo yehlathi yeLogatskoye ne-Verkhnetaymyrskoye, amasebe "uLukunsky" kunye ne "Ary-Mas". Ngowe-1994, i-tundra yonxweme kunye neenyawo ze-foothill yayinamathele kwindawo yokugcina njengendawo yokukhusela. Namhlanje, abaphandi benza konke okusemandleni okwandisa indawo ezikhuselweyo.

Imihlaba yemvelo yolondolozo

Ummandla wokhuseleko usePeninsula yaseTaimyr. Abaququzeleli banako ukukhawulela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemimandla: i-southern, arctic kunye ne-typical tundra, i-forest-tundra. Indawo yaseTaimyrsky ifumaneka kwintsimi ye-permafrost, ifikelela kwi-0.5 km. Ummandla wokhuselo uhlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, kukho apho imilambo egeleza kwiKhatanga. Nantsi ilona ilitye elikhulu kunazo zonke iTaimyr, kunye namanye amachibi amancinci.

Imozulu yeTaimyr

Iimpawu zemozulu zeTahimyr zigcinwe kakhulu kwiimeko zobusuku obumnyama. Kule ntsimi ihlala nje ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini, usuku lwe-polar lugcinwe iintsuku ezingama-83. Kwi-Peninsula yaseTaimyr, ubusika bufikelela kwiinyanga ezili-10, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-8. Kodwa ihlobo kakhulu lifika ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kwaye luhlala kude kube ngo-Agasti. Ebusika, kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, ubushushu bugcinwa ngaphakathi -45 ° C, kwaye kwiintaba ikhemometer ye-thermometer yehla -60 ° C. Ehlotyeni kukho ukufudumala okubukhali, ubushushu bufike kwi-+30 ° C, kodwa aluhlali ngaphezu kweveki.

I-Flora kunye nezilwanyana zaseTaimyr

Isiqulatho sezityalo sendawo egcinwe kuyo sihluke kakhulu. Ummandla wokulinda ulwahlulo lwasezantsi, oluqhelekileyo kunye ne-arctic tundra. Kwindawo engabanda kakhulu ye-Arctic yesityalo ayikho. Apha, ekugqibeleni, kukho i-mosses, i-lagoon eneqhwa kunye nekhephu, i-shinmp alpine, nesifungo se-polar. I-tundra ebonakalayo icebile, apha ungayifumana iindidi ezininzi ze-mosses, i-arctosibirsk sedge, i-pinpoint dry. Ummandla wasezantsi ngowona uninzi kakhulu, njengoko kukho iindidi ze-ernik, i-alder kunye ne-Willow, kunye ne-currant ebomvu, iphakama. Kwiintlambo zeentaba ungayifumana i-Dyke, i-bubble ephosakeleyo, i-scabby sweet and some ferns.

Nangona iimozulu ibanda kwaye ibuhlungu, kodwa indawo yeTaimyr ihlabileyo kwizilwanyana. Izilwanyana zimelelwe ngokugqithisileyo, i-musk zeenkomo, i-hermine, kunye neengcuka kunye ne-lynx. Ukutya okuphambili kwezilwanyana ezixhamlayo kunye ngexesha elifanayo isilwanyana esibalulekileyo kunazo zonke kwi-tundra yi-lemming. Kwiindawo ezigcinwe kuyo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana zifumaneka kwizinto ezininzi kangangokuthi akucaci ukuba imeko enjalo engafanelekiyo ingabondla. Nangona kubonakala nje ukuba kunjalo, ngokwenene kukho umkhiqizo ophezulu wezityalo, kukho iintlanzi ezininzi emifuleni nasemachibi, iifostile ezinjengegundana zanda ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ziyakwazi ukunondla ezininzi iiflebhu ezimhlophe, iimfumba, i-falcons kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezilwanyana.

Izilwanyana ezidweliswe kwiBlack Book

Indawo yaseTaimyrsky ikhusele abameli abaninzi bezilwanyana ezisemgangathweni wokuphela. Iingcali zenzululwazi zenza konke ukwenzela ukwandisa abantu. Ukusuka kwizilwanyana ezilwanyana eziya kwi-Red Book kwakuquka i-Laptev subspecies walrus, ibhere le-polar kunye ne-muskox. Iinyoni zinkulu kakhulu: i-goose ebomvu, i- white-tailed ukhozi, i-peregrine falcon, i-swan encinci, i-Lesser White-i- goose ehamba phambili, ibhola laseSiberia, i-gyrfalcon, udaka, i-seagull yase-Iceland, i-sandpiper,

Yintoni ekufuneka ibone kwi-Peninsula yaseTaimyr?

Unokuthetha okuninzi malunga neendawo zaseRashiya, kodwa kungcono ukubona konke oku kubuhle ngamehlo akho kanye. I-Taymyr ikude, kodwa kusekufanelekile ukunika ixesha lokutyelela kwakhe, kuba kukho indawo ezininzi ezinomdla apha. Okokuqala kukho konke kucetyiswa ukuba uye kwiimyuziyam. Iyokuqala idluliselwe kwi-ethnographie kunye nemvelo, yesibini - ukufundisisa ngamammoth, kunye neyesithathu - kwiidemon zase-Dolgans u-Ogduo Aksenova. Kwindawo yokulinda, unokubona i-walrus rookeries ye-eptev subspecies, amahlathi asekupheleni kweyona ndawo. Kulo mlambo u-Dyabaka-Tari kukho iifossil zezilwanyana zasolwandle, ezona zixesha leJurassic.

Azikho zonke iindawo zokuhlala zehlabathi kunye neRashiya zinendawo ezininzi ezityelelekayo zokutyelela, zingaphi na ezi kwi-Peninsula yaseTaimyr. KuMlambo ophezulu waseThaimyr unga tyelela inkampu yamandulo yabazingeli bezilwanyana, kwakhona kukho iindawo zokuhlala zishiywa ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwekhulu lama-20. Abaninzi baya kuba nomdla wokubona iindawo zokubhubha zendlu yasebusika ye-expedition iKhariton Laptev kunye nabahloli, kunye nezikhululo ze-Bay of Expectation, ezivaliweyo ngeli xesha. Abemi bendawo yokugcina indawo nabo banomdla omkhulu. Apha, iintsuku ekupheleni ungabheka iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, abayikwesaba ngabantu, ngoko unako ukubakhangela ukusuka kumgama omfutshane.

Izibonelelo eziphambili zaseRashiya

Ilizwe linomlinganiselo omkhulu wendawo yemvelo phantsi kokukhuselwa. Imephu yeempahla zaseRashiya iya kunceda wonk 'ubani ofuna ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nale mimandla ekhethekileyo kunye neendwendwe zabo. Abathandi behlathi ba tyelela i-Altai Territory. Kukho abameli abaninzi bezilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo yokugcina, izityalo ezixabisekileyo zikhula. KwiBuryatia kukho inxinxu yamnyama-taiga-taiga. Indawo yeBaikal ihlanganisa iKhamar-Daban Range kunye nxweme eliselunxwemeni yeLake Baikal.

Kwakhona kufanelekile ukuphawula i-Primorsky Krai. Nantsi indawo egcinwe kuyo "iKedrovaya Pad", apho kunabameli abangaphezu kwama-800 beeflethi zezilwanyana zasentla kunye nenyakatho. Kulo mhlaba okhuselekile unokubona izilwanyana ezinjengezilwanyana ezibonakalayo, i-Ussuri punkinos, ingwe, i-Himalayan bear, inja ye-raccoon , njl. Kuninzi iindawo zokugcina iimvelo eRussia, zonke zizinomdla kakhulu kubaphandi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo.