Uluhlu oluthile lwe-chromatography: iindlela ezilula zohlalutyo olunzima

Uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwe-chromatography lithatha indawo ehamba phambili kwimibandela yohlalutyo olulinganisiweyo nolulinganisiweyo lwezobisi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezendalo, ezonyango-ze-biological, ezobuchwepheshe, zamachiza kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Uluhlu oluthile lwe-chromatography luyeyona ndlela ifikeleleke kakhulu yokuhlalutya ngobuninzi malunga nayiphi na iklasi yezinto.

Le ndlela yokwahlula kunye nokuhlalutya kweenkqubo ezininzi zee-multiticomponent isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhubhoratri zeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqhelanisa: ukuhlanjululwa kwe-hygiene-epidemiological, yezilwanyana zezilwanyana, i-agrochemical, uphando, i-forensic, kunye nezikhululo zokukhusela izityalo, amaziko okumisela kunye ne-office of forensic office .

Iinjongo eziphambili ze-chromatography engqinileyo esekelwe kwintlupheko ye-eluent (solvent of analyte) kwisangqa se-sorbent ngenxa yezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-capillary force yinto elula kunye nokulula kwenkqubo ye-chromatographic, izinga eliphezulu lokuchaneka kohlalutyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko.

I-chromatography engqinileyo, eneqondo eliphezulu lokuqonda (umgca we-low detection) kunye nokukhetha, ivumela ukucacisa i-10-20 μg yezinto ngokuchanekileyo kwe-7%, eyona nkcazelo ephakamileyo kakhulu. Uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwe-chromatography lunokuba luhlobo lwe-adsorption kunye nokusabalalisa. Ikhetho lokuqala lisetyenziswa kakhulu.

I-essence ye-chromatography engqinileyo yintlupheko ye-solvent kwisalathisi se-sorbent kunye nokuhanjiswa kwendawo yamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwimpawu kunye neempahla zabo. Inyaniso kukuba i-molecule yezinto ezihlukeneyo kunye nesakhiwo siphucukisiwe (ifakwe) kwindawo esomeleleyo kwiplati ye-chromatographic ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngako oko, iinkqubo ezininzi ezinamacandelo amaninzi zihlulwe ngokukhawuleza zibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo.

Ukuhamba ngezantya ezahlukileyo kwisebe le-sorbent, ehlukileyo, ekwahlukileyo, izakhi zakha i-chromatogram. Umbala ngamnye wombala uhambelana nemveliso ethile yeekhemikhali. Izinto ezingenambala zikhanyiswa nge-ultraviolet, phantsi kweempembelelo zeziphi izixube eziqala ukuphuma kumanzi, okanye zithotyelwa kunyango olukhethekileyo.

Phakathi kweendlela zokuhlalutya zanamhlanje, i-gas-liquid chromatography ibonakala ngokukhethekileyo. Le ndlela yokuhlukana kunye nohlalutyo ibonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa umbane okhethekileyo ongeyithandabuzo njengento ene-sorbent, ehlanjululwa ngumbumba weperami. Kwaye njengendawo yokuqhuba, iifesi ezinokungena kwizityalo zisetyenziswa apha . Le ndlela iphumelele kakhulu ekufundeni imixube eyinkimbinkimbi, equlethe iinqununu zamaqela ahlukeneyo.

Enye indlela yesimanje yokufunda ukubunjwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yi-chromatography yamanzi. Isici esinqununu sale ndlela kukwahlukana kwamacandelo ngamacandelo ngokwahlukileyo ekuhanjisweni kwabo phakathi kweselula (i-eluent) kunye nezigaba ezingenasimo (sorbent). Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iindidi zee-organic (i-additives food, i-pesticides, i-toxins eyahlukeneyo, njl.). Kwakhona le ndlela yokuphanda i-chromatographic isetyenziselwa ukulawula umgangatho wamalungiselelo e-pharmacological, ukucacisa umxholo we-steroids kwi-biological fluids, uhlalutyo lwe-amino acid kunye nezinye.