Kurt Tank-moya

Kurt Tank - umyili-moya German pilot test, ngubani ikhokele moya. uye waba inani laziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi-moya, ezifana "Condor" yaye "Marut".

Kurt Tank: biography

Wazalwa Kurt Waldemar Tank Februwari 24, 1898 e-East Prussia (isixeko Bromberg-Shvedenhoe). Xa World Okokuqala, waya ngokuzithandela emfazweni. Kungekudala waba Lieutenant waza wayalela inkampani, owalwa phezu Front Western, apho ebesifa. Netanki wagqiba imfazwe njenge umthetheli yaye ezimbalwa ukwenzela ukuba nesibindi.

Ukususela ngowe-1918 ukuya kowe-1922 wafunda kwi-Higher Technical School of Berlin, ukusuka apho waphumelela ukufumana ngempumelelo njengononjineli wombane elithile. Noko ke, njengoko umfundi ukuba inempilo kakhulu malunga nokudalwa neziwuza, ngoko rhoqo kumamela iintetho nguNjingalwazi Everling sungula ku emoyeni. Ukongeza, uKurt Tank kwi iphulo layo kunye kuso-moya. Baphila ngelo xesha, uNjingalwazi Reisner.

Itanki engenayo yokuqala aluphumelelanga. Kungekudala wasidalela imodeli entsha yathi "umtyholi encinane." Yena ndandiwuthanda gqitha ngomsebenzi wakhe, anyamalale iintsuku yoomasifundisane waqonda kakhulu kwexesha, akazange abe nexesha elaneleyo zonke imizobo yokuzithethelela ithisisi zabo. Emva koko lo mfana wagqiba ekubeni athabathe inyathelo lithemba: ubeka phezu kwetafile phambi oonjingalwazi Hoff Percival kunye nemizobo ngokokusebenza kwakhe "umtyholi omncinane" kwaye, ngokuman gala kwakhe, uqhuba kakuhle.

ulwazi lokuqala

Emva kokuphumelela, uKurt Tank usebenza kwenye iinkampani Aviation ezincinane. Ngowe-1924 wafumana isidanga zobunjineli ngoko nangoko uya mveliso Rohrbach Rohrbach Metallflugzeugbau, elise eBerlin. Phambi kokubhalisa inkampani, yena ufumana brevet. Noko ke, akazange abe nakho isikolo flight ukuba inkqubo kuphela ngoqeqesho, saphaphazela amaxesha ahlukeneyo biplane zilula.

Rohrbach kule mveliso, yena uthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso kungekuphela lwezikhephe eziphaphazelayo, kodwa enye moya umkhweli yokuqala "Roland". Kodwa kuqala, kwaba kuphela izifundo theoretical component kwi ukulawula iimeko kunye nokuthembeka moya. Kamsinya nje ukuwa naziphi, ahlale emotweni aziwa ukukwazi kwakhe ukusebenza a sendiza.

Ngexesha uvavanyo inqanawa Ro-III watyhila ukuba xa utyala nayo hits emanzini, kwaye oku kudala abaqhubi ukuphazamiseka olongezelelweyo. Itanki wacela kukuxhobisa zikhangeleke isikhephe damping okhethekileyo, yaye ingcamango uye wamkelwa. Mhlawumbi lo msebenzi wokuqala ozimeleyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba Kurt Tank njengoko moya ithathe indawo.

ukuqaphela

Ukususela mzuzu waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ekuphuculeni sendiza, lo Wayekhathazwa umba bamandla akhe. Labhabha ladibana Ro-III, oko ngokukhawuleza wazuza ingqalelo njengelinge uvavanyo. Ukuba kakhulu ngakumbi abanamava, yena ngo-1936 wafumana iqondo Doctor of Sciences ngezobugcisa kunye Ofisi Flugkapitan, kwaye bephumelela iimbasa ezininzi. Noko ke, uKurt Tank, iminyaka yobomi owayengowakhe abanikwe banikwa kwiinqwelomoya, ezixabisa ngokwenene kuphela yokuba uvavanyo olulingwayo.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba moya Ro-III yaziwa ngokwaneleyo, kuba kwamiselwa iingxelo ezininzi. moya Sam inqwelo kuyo iqashiso ngesibindi. Ngaphezu koko, uye waqhuba izifundo ezinxulumene ufakelo ubude kunye nendawo iinjini uthengisa elijikelezayo. Edume ngexesha Erns pilot Udet Tank-moya ukuba ucwangcise omnye irekhodi - ukuwela ukusuka empuma kuye entshona lonke Atlantic Ocean. Noko ke, akazange athathe indawo; ngezizathu zobugcisa kwafuneka ukuba imoto ekunene elwandle evulekileyo.

ukubambisana

Kangangexesha yasebenza omnye odumileyo German moya ngumyili Willy Messerschmitt. Njengoko a pilot test, Tank ayikwazanga akavumelani izimvo zakhe, ijolise ekuququzeleleni umatshini ubuninzi ukuze kuzakwandisa isantya yayo. Njengoko yaziwa, Messerschmitt ndava ukuba amandla ka moya ayikho ibalulekile njengoko nobuchwepheshe umqhubi.

Noko ke, uKurt Tank akuthethi ukwabelana izimvo oogxa kwaye wayeqinisekile ukuba ukunyusa iirhafu ngesantya amandla kunye nokhuseleko-moya kufuneka kwandiswe kuphela. Ngoko, amashumi amathathu moya Messerschmitt ushiya mveliso, ubudlelwane phakathi iinjineli ezimbini aneziphiwo kwixesha elizayo ukuze uhlale olufudumeleyo kunye nobuhlobo.

Imisebenzi "Focke-Wulf"

Itanki 1927 ongena inkampani Albatros Flugzeugwerke. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, oko ifunxwe yenye inkampani Focke-Wulf, elise Bremen. Apha, ukususela ngoNovemba 1931, waba yokuluka oyintloko ngexesha elifanayo uyalela isebe iimvavanyo moya.

Itanki Kurt kunye Jets FW-58 Weihe, FW-Stosser 56 noFW-200 Condor ( «Condor") ufanelwe ingqalelo yamazwe ngamazwe ngokwenene. Eyokuqala wabo ulunge ekupheleni kuka-1933, kwaye ndiza waba umlawuli lobuchwepheshe kwinkampani enkulu.

Ukuphuhliswa indiza entsha

Ngowe-1936, umsebenzi waqalisa kumatshini omtsha FW-200 "Condor". Okokuqala, lo moya yaye kubekwe i umoya nqanawa Intambo, ngoko ukubhabha yokuqala ehlotyeni ka 1937, wayenza kweso sikhundla. Noko ke, ebudeni bemfazwe, uKurt Tank wagqiba ekubeni ungayisebenzisa njengendlela kwesimo ixesha elide ukufuna convoys utshaba emanzini North Atlantic. Emva yabo Ubhaqo-moya wahlasela izithuthi okanye ithunyelwe kuwo yonke indawo armada of ngwenya German.

Ngokutsho abathile wangena Luftwaffe data izixhobo, bonke Septemba 1939 lona 259 FW-200 "Condor". Ezinye zezi zimoto zazide isetyenziswe moya zothutho ngenxa yokumka iinkokheli eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabo, kwaye ezisixhenxe iinketho ayekhona naziphi ekuhlaseleni okanye ixesha elide sokuhlola. Izilungiso Various "Condor" yahluke kwezinye izikhongozeli kuyilo enomjukujelwa okanye abanini Ziyaqhubeka ubukho nganye radar okanye homing, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - iingalo.

Development-moya FW-190

Italente kule ndoda wazibonakalisa ngexesha ekuyilweni ukulwa entsha FW-187, okwesihlandlo sokuqala asuswayo umoya ngo-1937. Kunye nonyaka ozayo ke moya kwesimo ukulungele kwaye Committe FW-189. Sebenza kwi umatshini omtsha FW-190 yaqala nesibakala sokuba le nkampani "Focke-Wulf" waqalisa ukudala ukulwa entsha imiyalelo ye waseJamani Reyhsministerstva Aviation. Ekwindla 1937, iqela yoyilo, ikhokelwa ngu amatanki, waqalisa ukulungiselela nangoko iiprojekthi ezimbini kwahluka kuphela isityalo amandla.

-Moya wokuqala mayixhotyiswe njengesilinda-12 Daimler-Benz DB 601, senziwe kwifomu ye-V zocaphulo, kunye lungapholi ulwelo. Xa umatshini yesibini iphiramidi ebonisa efakiweyo umoya injini iphela BMW-139. Xa lo moya wakwazi ukuqinisekisa olunabaxumi adla ngokusetyenziswa kwi moya German kwi-line, Ngeli xesha nyakenye ndiya ingaphumeleli.

Xa lemka kwase yokuqala yabonisa isantya 595 km / h. pilot uvavanyo lwakhe Kurt Tank wenza moya uvavanyo eziliqela. Noko ke, uvavanyo ezi-high speed moya, ixesha ngalinye liba nzima ngakumbi, ngoko ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka moya kwafuneka ukuba balahle bonke namagqiza elizayo. FW-190B-9 ngesantya top of 730 km / h, njengoko yafakwa kunye vodometanolovym namafutha, nto leyo eyamenza ukuba abe mlweli fastest waqutyulwa nokuqutyulwa nazo zonke namahlakani iinqwelo-moya.

Imisebenzi ngexesha lemfazwe

Ekwindla 1942 ingxelo ukuba emkhosini US uceba ukuqokelela eItali neBritani, amanani amakhulu moya, equka inani elikhulu ekuhlaseleni, ababesesangweni imfazwe nxamnye ku Germany. Yaba umbuzo yemfuno engxamisekileyo ophezulu endaweni mbono. Messerschmitt kunye Tank wacela ukubonisa kulo mbono. In a magama irekhodi elifutshane ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ukulwa elitsha Ta 152.

Ukuze lo msebenzi, yaye bonke ndirongo zakhe zangaphambili Tank waba Unjingalwazi Technical University of Braunschweig. Ukongeza, umyalelo okhethekileyo watyikitywa ngu Germanom Geringom ukuba zonke iintlobo moya eyenziwe ntsha yaphuhliswa phantsi kweliso lalo moya abanetalente, ngoku kubizwa ngokuba "TA" - oonobumba bokuqala ezimbini ifani yakhe.

Naxa yonke into yayisele kwacaca ukuba Wesithathu olahlekelwe imfazwe, itanki basebenza ubusuku. Waba umphuhlisi yokuqala ntaka ezimilise-idiskhi, nto leyo angazange abe ixesha uvavanyo. Le moto bekufanele ukuba bee moya eqhelekileyo, kwaye ngexesha elinye lihamba naliphi na icala kunye, xa kukho imfuneko, ukuba hambisa emoyeni.

emva kwemfazwe,

Yaqhubeka Neentsukwana nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ekuweni Wesithathu. Itanki wayesazi kakuhle ukuba kushishino lweenqwelo waseJamani ayisekho. Kungekudala Berlin yathinjwa amajoni and Allied yahlulwe kumacandelo. Imfazwe izaphuli baqalisa ukubamba lonke eJamani, yaye ngoko ke kohlwaywa. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ezifana abanegama njengoko Reichsmarschall kaHermann Goering, intloko Party lwamaNazi, URudolf Hess, intloko kwiqela elikhulu "Friedrich Krupp" Gustav Krupp, ishishini imfazwe Reich , Albert Speer kunye Meyer SS Panzer Jikelele. Kurt Tank kwakhona akazibandakanyi nayiphi na amatyala, ngoko akazange wabanjwa.

Nangona isibakala sokuba akakho yangaphambili eJamani, ubomi waya kwaye kwafuneka indawo ukufuna umsebenzi, hayi kuphela yena kodwa kubasebenzi babo. Abaqeshi elikufutshane ngelo xesha abaphumeleleyo. Isibakala sokuba zonke mveliso "Focke-Wulf", asabe US kunye bombing British of Bremen kudala bafudukela ngasempuma, e Posen, Marienburg kunye Cottbus. Ngoko ke kwintsimi ilawulwa amabutho yiSoviet.

Inani elikhulu labasebenzi kunye neentsapho zabo basala ngaphandle umsebenzi okanye nayiphi na indlela yokuziphilisa. Kodwa kukho amarhe ukuba Russian ufuna ukwenza ezinye uhlobo bureau zobunzululwazi German, abayili kunye nabavelisi ukuze kwakhiwe iindlela ezintsha moya, esekelwe kumava abo ezizodwa. Itanki ngoko weza thethwano kunye nabameli Soviet, Noko ke, leyo, weza ilothe nto. Wazama ukuseka abafowunelwa kunye British kunye abalawuli Chinese Tea Canche. Noko ke, yonga isimemo esivela Argentina. Njengoko usazi, eli lizwe ngexesha elinye asebenza ngokusondeleyo amaNazi ngokubanika neziseko zazo ngwenya.

Imisebenzi e Argentina

Kurt Tank nentsapho yakhe bafudukela indawo yokuhlala entsha. Apha ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe owuthandayo nokuyila umlweli entsha Argentina Air Force jet injini. Isiseko injineli yophuhliso Hans Multhoppa wasiwa. Yaba iprojekti karma Ta-183, nto leyo yaqalisa inani lotshintsho. Iimvavanyo yokuqala moya entsha FMA Pulqui II wegqitha ekupheleni kukaJuni 1950. It lwaqalwa yi Captain E. Weiss. izimvo zakhe malunga yemoto kakhulu ezibalulekileyo.

Kuphela emithandathu ezi ntaka zakhiwa, yaye ke, kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ivaliwe le projekthi. Ngowe-1955, uMongameli Peron, ngubani wamema Tank ukusebenza, ndayihluthwa amandla ngenxa ubhedu. Aircraft mveliso e Cordoba n'wina. Kurt Tank kunye moya yayo ayiseyomfuneko. injineli German-moya ingcibi akukho abangakwenza ukushiya Argentina. Itanki uza Germany uzama ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi, kodwa watsho phantsi.

Development-moya kuba Indian Air Force

Ngowe-1955, lo moya kunyanzeleka kwakhona ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. Wafudukela India. Kwelinye moya, ibekwe eBangalore, yena neqela leengcali abathatha inxaxheba kule projekthi ukuze kwakhiwe ukulwa multi-injongo, ogama HF-24 Marut. Nangona kunjalo, lo kuqala-off-moya aluphumelelanga - yena ilimele. Ngaphandle koku, umsebenzi waqhubeka.

NgoNovemba 1967, kukho kakade iimeko kulo matshini mveliso. Marut karma waba moya yokuqala yenzelwe kwaye kwakhiwa e-Indiya. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, wathabatha inxaxheba ekulweni kumda kunye Pakistan.

ukubuya

Ngowe-1970, lo moya efika ekhaya. Kangangeminyaka eliqela waba ngumcebisi yenkampani Berlin "Messerschmitt-Bel'kov-Blom."

Kurt Tank (photo inokubonwa kwinqaku) uye wafa eMunich ekuqaleni kukaJuni 1983. Ubomi bakhe bonke yaba ngumfanekiso ngexesha eye yasinda amawaka zizifundiswa German. Njengoko isiphelo kwalowo wayithobayo ukuze kwenzeka ukuba kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenze ukuze kuzuze yabo, nokuba lwamaNazi, urhulumente ejonge uboyisa ihlabathi. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza igalelo elingathethekiyo kwimbali moya.