Ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho OB River. Inkcazelo kunye kwabalinganiswa kwe njengesihlambo zolwelo

Iimpawu emlanjeni OB, enikwe iincwadi kunye neencwadi reference ezininzi, icebisa ukuba umthombo ngasemfuleni na ekudibaneni Biya kunye Katun, leyo ibekwe besekhaya. Nangona ezinye hydrologists, ukuqala kwezinye data athi ukuhamba kwamanzi uqala kwindawo eyahlukileyo. ubude bayo - 3.650 km. Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kwakhona Irtysh River (eziphambili thina isebe OB), ngoko kunye ke umlambo elide ze-Russian Federation, kwaye phantse kwebanga Asia (indawo yesibini) ngobukhulu. ubude yabo km 5410. Umlomo luLwandle Kara, xa ekudibaneni kunye Gulf leyo wambumba elide kwiikhilomitha 800, eyaziwa ngokuba "Gulf of OB."

inkcazelo emfutshane

OB has iperi bend enkulu xa ezo akhiwa ekuhlanganeni kweendlela kwingingqi besekhaya. Umlambo zizityebi nemingenela. Bathi lomfula uhambahamba, ukuzolula ezinentlabathi neentlambo ebanzi. Ngenxa ugeleza uthotho zombini ngabafakwa uviko, kunye ukuhamba, ukubaluleka kwale umzimba ngamanzi urhulumente efikelela ubuninzi.

Ukwenzela ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho OB River, lwakwakhiwa wedama, ngenxa apho urhulumente flow yaphukile ngokupheleleyo.

ukudla

OB umlambo ukudla ikhephu. amanzi High kwi yayo ephezulu nesiphakathi ngasemfuleni iqala ngo-Epreli, emazantsi - ngo May. Ngenxa ngumkhenkce ukunyuka inqanaba lamanzi ukuhamba. Emva ukuyivula ifikelela uphawu ezibalulekileyo kunye umlambo iyaphalala kweendonga zayo. Noko ke, oku akuthethi xesha lide.

Amaninzi iqala kwithuba yamanzi ephantsi zasehlotyeni. Xa sifika aphezulu onogumbe ngoJulayi iphela ngoSeptemba - izikhukula. Kwezinye iindawo emlanjeni ngenxa yezantyalantyala zemvula kwinqanaba eliphezulu amanzi ukubamba phambi kokuba ngumkhenkce-up.

geography

Ekuqaleni le ogqobhozela umlambo OB esoloko itshintsha nomsinga oqukuqela ngasentla, ngoko atyekela ngasekunene. Ngenxa yokuba unalo igunya eyahlukileyo, uhlobo uthungelwano kunye ukuyilwa mode, kukho qheke zayimimandla emithathu: eliphezulu, asezantsi nalawo aphakathi ukusuka emgangathweni.

Ukuze ukuchaza kakuhle sendlela, kufuneka ikhadi le OB River. Ayajika nge Altay, nomzila kwayo akupheleli kummandla naseNovosibirsk kunye Tomsk. It idlulisela ummandla Khanty-Mansiysk, ujikeleze lonke kwiidolophu ezininzi. Ke iqala ogudle loo mjelo wamanzi, nto leyo imi Yamal-Nenets Ukuzilawula District. Ukuhlanjwa zokuhlala ezikufuphi, umsinga siyaxanda aqukuqela kungena kuLwandle Kara.

Iimpawu emlanjeni OB uthi enyanisweni kuba yinxalenye Katun, oko kukuthi phambili yayo. Lo mlambo kwemithambo ephambili zeAltai Territory. Imikhumbi kwezinye iindawo.

Ukusetyenziswa kuqoqosho OB River

Ngowe-1961, edamini yayakhiwe station naseNovosibirsk yomjelo wamanzi. Ngenxa yakhe, kwasekwa ichibi (ezaziwa ngokuba uLwandle OB), ngoku esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimfuno zoluntu. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwedama ziye ugcwalise kwidolophana kunye inxalenye Berdsk, idolophu ekufutshane. wadala phezu kolwandle Ngoku kuphumla wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha; yakhelwe phezu kweendonga zayo sanatoriums abaninzi kunye namaziko olonwabo.

Kwinkulungwane XIX lenzeka OB-Yenisei Canal, apho isicwangciso ukuze ukudibanisa Yenisei kunye OB. Noko ke, ngelo xesha ke ze kungabikho ukubaluleka lishiywe ngokupheleleyo.

OB kunye Gulf yayo OB Bay bazizityebi kwiintlanzi: iintlobo-50 abahlala apha. Ngenxa yokuba umlambo zolwelo unalo enamanani amakhulu kwezinto ezinobungozi kunye ioksijini kancinane, abanye abameli izilwanyana zaselwandle kufa. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa eziyingozi lomlambo yokuvelisa abantu iintlanzi yehlile kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuhamba kwamanzi enye neendawo zamawonga ukuloba.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho OB umlambo imisela indawo yayo. Ngenxa yokuba ageze phezu inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Russian Federation, amanzi asetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi.

anika umdla

Kwi ukuhamba kwamanzi ayikho kwakude kudala, ngo-2008, kwabakho inkanyamba. Ukususela ngoko, njalo kwi omtsha umoya kule ndawo emlanjeni.

Ngo kwesinye sezixeko, edulusele phezu kweenxweme OB River, oko yakhiwa ngo-1930 yi njengeshedi ekhethekileyo "Mastodon". peculiarity yayo siyifumana indlela yokwakha: phantsi ukwakhiwa zange iinzipho ezisetyenzisiweyo. Noko ke, ukuba uwugcine lo sakhelo mhla azibanga nako, ukuba utshiswe 90 ekuqaleni.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho umlambo OB landa emva kokuba kwakhiwe ibhulorho metro. Le ibhulorho ekhethekileyo enophahla, uzalela wadibanisa inani zamazibuko. Ubude bayo ngu 2000 m, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba mde ehlabathini. Ebusika, ngenxa iimeko zemozulu, ukuhla angala strong ubushushu, ibhulorho metro kuyehla ubukhulu, ehlotyeni - liyenyuka. Ukuze oku kwenzeke isebenza eqhelekileyo, baxhotyiswa izileyi inkxaso ezivumela ubume ujingi.

Le Esiphelo sesokuba kumjelo sandy phantse kuwo wonke loo mmandla. Kuphela maxa wambi kukhubeka phezu ngokuqhekeka kwaye balahleke. Lo msebenzi osemqoka luphawu inxalenye phakathi OB Barnaul ne Biysk. Na xa amanzi efika uphawu amanzi ephakeme, kwaye ibhanki ekunene bangenwe zizikhukula. Ithuba lesibini, apho kukho ukunyuka enkulu abasakhasayo inqanaba lamanzi ngoJuni, xa ukunyibilika komkhenkce nekhephu phezu kweentaba. Break-up iqala ngoNovemba, kwaye ice yasentwasahlobo phezulu ifikelela 130 cm ngokomelela.