Lexicology izifundo? Branch isigama efunda ngesayensi

Lexicology - inzululwazi igqalise isigama kolwimi oluthile. Kuye imithetho kunye neendidi yayo. Lexicology izifundo? Le inzululwazi lijongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo amazwi, kwakunye nemisebenzi yabo kunye nophuhliso.

ukuba nombono

Lexicology - isayensi ufunda isigama kolwimi kunye neempawu zayo. Le ndaba eli candelo Ezolimi oku kulandelayo:

• Imisebenzi ye-units lungelelanisa.
• Ingxaki yokuthetha njengento esisiseko usemthethweni ulwimi.
• Iintlobo kunye neeyunithi lungelelanisa.
• Ubume isigama kolwimi.

Olu ayilo luhlu olupheleleyo izifundo lexicology. olu inzululwazi ochaphazelekayo kunye ekuhlaziyeni ekwandiseni isigama, ngokunjalo ingqalelo unxulumano ukuphikisana phakathi kweeyunithi lungelelanisa.

into yokufunda

Igama kunye nentsingiselo yalo - sisiseko Sciences ezininzi. Le miba ngako morphology, kwakunye kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukubunjwa lizwi. Kodwa, ukuba la mazwi iinzululwazi kuthetha ukufunda izakhiwo zegrama okanye lokujonga imifuziselo eyahlukileyo Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuyilwa ilizwi, ngoko, undincinayo lexicology, esetyenziswa ngqo ukuba ukwazi nkcukacha yamagama ezininzi. iiyunithi lungelelanisa zibonwa nje nje uthotho iileta kunye nezandi, kwaye inkqubo ehlangeneyo inemisebenzi unxibelelwano yayo, iindidi ikufundisayo. Kuyinto into zokufunda lwezichazi. Ixilonga amagama elilodwa Lexicon yonke njengento uphela yaye ayahlukahlukenanga.

Le ndlela uneempawu zawo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba kuthiwe kudidi kweeyunithi lungelelanisa amagama nje kuphela, kodwa amabinzana iseti abanendima ahlaziye ethile.

igama lengxaki

Lexicology ulwimi mihla Russian igxininisa into ndaba isifundo sakhe. Ekubeni ilizwi kuthathwa uhlobo unit ukuba unalo ulwalamano phakathi ifomu kunye nomxholo, loo nto ithathwa kwiinkalo ezintathu eziphambili:

• Kwesakhiwo. Funda ifom iLizwi, isakhiwo alo nezibilini zayo candelo.
• Esemantiki. Uxoxa ukubaluleka kweeyunithi lungelelanisa.
• Esebenzayo. Ixilonga indima yamagama kwintetho kunye nezakhi nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nomba yokuqala, lo lexicology - kwezesayensi elimisela imiqathango ethile yokuqingqa umahluko kunye nobuni amazwi azimeleyo. Kuba oku iiyunithi lungelelanisa kuthelekiswa amabinzana, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa isiseko analytical ekuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa amazwi invariants.

Yona ke inkalo kwisemantiki, ukuthi ukwenza ngesayensi eyahlukileyo - semasiology. Ixilonga ubudlelwane phakathi igama kunye nento ethile. Kubalulekile ukuba Lexicology. It ufunda igama kunye nentsingiselo yalo, kwakunye iindidi yayo ngamnye kunye neendidi evumela ukuba ziqaqambise iingqiqo ezifana monosimiya (ukohluka) kunye polisimiya (ukungacaci). Lexicology kwakhona iphenye oonobangela ezikhokelela okanye ukulahleka yelizwi lwamaxabiso zabo.

into esebenzayo ucinga unit lungelelanisa njengento into leyo ehambisana nezinye izinto ezifanayo yaye yakhela inkqubo lonke ulwimi. Apha indima ebalulekileyo impefumlelwano isigama kunye negrama leyo, kwelinye icala, inkxaso kunye kwelinye - umda omnye.

Ingqiqo nesigama

Lexicology ephatha intetho ibe yinkqubo equka ezisezantsi eziliqela. iiyunithi lungelelanisa ifomu amaqela olwahlukileyo ngobukhulu, ifomu kunye nesiqulatho. Oku kuyinxalenye oko izifundo lexicology. Isigama wafunda ngaxeshanye ngeendlela ezimbini: njengoko nobudlelwano phakathi kweeyunithi ngamnye kunye nesikhundla zawo ezichanekileyo ngokunxulumene nesebe ngalinye. Ngenxa kule ulwimi zahlulwe ngamacandelo. Umzekelo, Izikweko, ipharonimi, izithethantonye, izichasi, tetralogy et al.

Ukongeza, phantse zonke isebe Ezolimi, kuquka Russian okanye IsiNgesi Lexicology, wafundela amaqela bulkier zamagama ngokuba emasimini. Kudla busekelwe phezu intsimi ngumongo, umzekelo, inani elithile amagama, kunye imida ayindalo entsha eyahlukileyo paradigmatic, lwesemantiki, igrama okanye ezinye iintlobo lobudlelwane kwezi yunithi lungelelanisa.

iiForam lexicology

Njengalo naluphi na inzululwazi, lexicology iye inkqubo yaso lwamacandelo ukuba zinoxanduva iinkalo ezithile injongo yaso kunye nomxholo zokufunda:

• Semasiology. Oku benza iintsingiselo zamagama kunye namabinzana.
• Onomasiology. Ixilonga inkqubo yokuthiya izinto ezinzulu.
• Etymology. Phonononga imvelaphi yamagama.
• Onomastics. Ethatha inxaxheba ngamagama abo. Oku kusebenza kokubili amagama kunye namagama indawo yabantu.
• Stylistics. Ukuphonononga intsingiselo yamagama namabinzana nohlobo connotative.
• -Lexicography. Oku ukwenza intlangano kunye neendlela wokuqulunqa izichazi magama.
• Phraseology. Ngobuchule izangotshe zolwimi kunye ibinzana sizingise.

IiForam lexicology babe udidi lwabo, kwakunye into kunye nomxholo zokufunda. Ukongeza, ukubeka ezinye iindidi kwale nzululwazi. Ngokukodwa, sithetha ngokubanzi, zabucala, yembali, lokuthelekisa yaye isicelo lexicology. Uhlobo lokuqala linoxanduva imithetho jikelele zolwimi, kuquka nesakhiwo sayo, izigaba zophuhliso, kunye neminye imisebenzi. Lexicology Private uphanda ulwimi oluthile. uhlobo Historical unoxanduva lokuphuhlisa ilizwi ngokunxulumene kwimbali amagama ezinto ngezimanga. Othelekiso Lexicology iphanda amagama ukuchonga ubudlelwane phakathi kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo yokugqibela unoxanduva kwiinkqubo ezifana inkcubeko yokuthetha, ngokukodwa uguqulelo, pedagogy ngokolwimi ne-lexicography.

Udidi kweeyunithi lungelelanisa

Le isigama kwalo naluphi ulwimi kweyantlukwano kunye ukungafani kobuhlanga. Ngako oko, iindidi ukukhululwa ezo iimpawu zabo ahlukile kunye neempawu. lexicology Russian iOne iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela zilandelayo:

• Xa ububanzi: amagama obscheupotreblyaemye kunye neeyunithi lungelelanisa, asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizodwa (inzululwazi, imibongo, iilwimi, iziyelelane, njl ..).
• Uxinezelekile ngokweemvakalelo: iiyunithi cala wamwisela ngokweemvakalelo.
• Ngokutsho kuphuhliso zembali: neologisms kunye archaisms.
• Xa imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso yayo: Ukusebenzisana kunye yokuboleka, njl ..
• Ngokwemiqathango usebenziso - iiyunithi iyasebenza ngqo lungelelanisa, kwakunye occasionalisms.

Ngenxa uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe ulwimi, imida phakathi kwamagama azikho ecacileyo, kwaye uyeke kwiqela elinye ukuya kwelinye.

iingxaki

Njengalo naluphi na inzululwazi, lexicology esombulula iingxaki ezithile. Iingcali Modern zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuphinda-phinda amagama kwisicatshulwa.
• Umahluko phakathi izinto lungelelanisa ngokubhala kwintetho.
• Amathuba amagama akuvumela ukudala amagama amatsha izinto ezinzulu.
• Ukutshintsha ulwimi lwamaxabiso.

Science kwakhona kuhlolwe ezinye iindlela ze lwendibaniso lwamagama kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo: i kwisemantiki kunye lungelelanisa.

Indlela isigama

Lexicology iphanda kwamagama ongazikhetha. Oku kubhekisela iindlela ezahlukeneyo neendlela nokwandisa isigama. Oku kusetyenziswa izixhobo zangaphakathi ulwimi oluthile, kwaye ukubandakanyeka nezinye iiyunithi lungelelanisa yolwimi. Kukho iindlela zilandelayo makasizalise nesigama:

• Word ukubunjwa - nokudalwa amagama amatsha.
• Ukwakhiwa yeentsingiselo amatsha amagama ezikhoyo: Upelo neempawu, amaxabiso transfer kunye nabanye.
• Imfundo amabinzana sizingise.
• Ukuboleka.

Ezi nkqubo uphawu naluphi na ulwimi, kodwa kwimeko nganye abe neempawu zabo neempawu ezikhethekileyo.

iindlela

Kuba iimfuno zabo lexicology ixhamla iindlela jikelele uphando iilwimi. Ezi ziquka:

• Distribution. Unoxanduva yokuqingqa izakhelo unit lungelelanisa, kwaye inani amaxabiso abanye.
• Ukufakwa. Uhlola lo mkhuba ntonye kunye iinguqulelo kwamagama.
• indlela Component. Linoxanduva cleavage kweeyunithi lungelelanisa kumacandelo ngamnye kunye nesakhiwo jikelele inxaxheba.
• Utshintsho. Isetyenziswa kwinkqubo ukuyilwa ilizwi ukuze kuchongwe iinkalo eziphambili zelizwi.
• indlela Statistical. Isetyenziswa ukujonga amaza nokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi lungelelanisa, kwakunye ukuze kubalwe esemantiki, paradigmatic kunye nezinye iintlobo zazo obuchopho.

Ulwazi zifunyanwa ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela, ezisetyenziswa kwezinye zenzululwazi, ezifana Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, kwakunye nenani ezentlalo.