Yintoni i-heraldry? IHeralaldry yaseRashiya

I-Heraldry ibiye yaba yinto ephela yenkcubeko kunye neembali. Eyasungulwa njengombonakalo we-chivalry kunye nobuhle, namhlanje ihlehlisiwe kwiimpawu zedolophu nezizwe.

Yintoni i-heraldry? Okokuqala, kuyinkqubo yembali yokufunda iimpawu. Okwesibini, le yinto ebalulekileyo yeemifanekiso ezifakiwe, ezabonakala kwi-Middle Ages.

Imvelaphi yeengalo

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yiyiphi inkundla, kufuneka ufumane xa ibonakala. Amanqaku okuchonga kwiimfomfele azalwe ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwintlanzi ekhulwini le-12 phakathi kweMibutho yokuqala neyesibini. Iziqhwala zaqala ukuzithengela ngokwazo ngokwazo kwibala lemfazwe.

Ngeli-XIII leminyaka, iimpawu zabo zavela kwizixeko, imiyalelo yokomoya, i-bourgeois. Impembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni kwento entsha yayiyi-tournaments knight.

KwiHeraldryry eRashiya

I-rallyaldry yaseRussia ithathwa njengento ebolekelwe isithethe saseNtshona Yurophu. E-Rashiya, iingalo azizange zibonwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo yeli gama, kuba okokuqala lo bugcisa buvela njengenxalenye yenkcubeko eyayingekho kwiSlavs. Nangona kunjalo, nangaphambi kokubonakala kwayo eYurophu, iintsapho kunye neentlanga zaseSlavic zineempawu zazo, indima yayo eyadlalwa ngamatemteni angamaqaba.

Ngokuthotyelwa kwe-Orthodoxy eRashiya kwakuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa njengophawu lokubonakaliswa kwokhozi olukhindiweyo kabini, olwamkelwa yiByzantium. Ukongeza, umnqamlezo ongumKristu waba ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo.

Phakathi kwekhulu le-XVII, u- Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, onqwenela ukuqulunqa umlibo wobuzalwa beenkosana zaseRashiya, wabuyela uncedo kumncedisi wase-Austrian uLavrenty Khurelevich. Kubalulekile ukuba "yi-Tsar's title", eyahlanganiswa ngowe-1672 liSebe lezentlupheko yasekhaya. Wawushwankathela iimpawu ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseRussia ngomfanekiso omnye. I-Heraldry yaseRashiya inokubaluleka kwenkcazelo ebalulekileyo kulo msebenzi.

Ngaphantsi kwePetros ndaqala ukufumana iingalo zabo kunye neentsapho ezintle. "Iingalo eziqhelekileyo zeentsapho ezihloniphekileyo zoBukumkani baseRussia," zahlanganiswa ngo-1797, zibandakanya iimpawu ezingaphezu kwama-3 000.

Emva kweNguqulelo ka-1917 u-rallyaldry waseRussia waba ngumcebisi wenkxaso engumncedisi. Namhlanje, umdla osebenzayo kubantu bavusa kuwo. Ngo-1999, uMongameli weRussia Federation wamisa iBhunga likaHeraldic.

Izinto zeengubo zeengubo

Umqondiso wokuhlukanisa umqathango unemiba elinesibini. Le yikhuphe, i-shield ye-shield, isidleke, i-freette, njalo njalo.

I-entourage yakhe ibeka i-motto. Ngokwesiko, imibhalo ibhalwe ngesiLatini. Ngoko, i-motto yeLermontov yayinomxholo othi "Mndulule uYesu" ("Iqashiso lam nguYesu"). Ngokuncedwa kwamagama amabini, umlinganiso owenziwe yi-genus, isixeko, njl njl. Kukho enye into evumela umntu ukuba aphendule umbuzo woluphi ulwalamano.

Ukukhusela

Into ebalulekileyo yiphina imbonakalo yinqaba. Nguye ophethe isethi ethile yamanani. Inkcazo eyahlukileyo idinga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko. Bahlulwe ngokwezobuzwe.

NgeMinyaka Ephakathi, umfanekiso wekhuselo uphindaphinda iifom zengubo yangempela yokuzimela. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyamalala kwe-chivalry njengento ebalulekileyo yokulwa, imifanekiso yekhuselo iqala ukufumana iziqendu ezingenangqiqo.

Ifomu eqhelekileyo yiFrentshi (i-quadrangular shield). Kwisithethe saseRussia, njengabanye abaninzi, imbono "yesiFrentshi" yaba yinto ephakamileyo kakhulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona i-Varangian (i-triangular), isiSpanish (i-quadrangular ene-round base), isiNgesi (ukuguqulwa kwamagqabha entloko yentantathu) kunye ne-German (ebonakalayo) ukhuseleko.

Imizobo

Izinto ezisetyenziswe ngumfanekiso kwikhuselo zihambelana ngqo nombala wepeyinti yesimboli esizayo. Akukho mqondiso ohlukile ongaqondwa ngokwahlukileyo kumbala wayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zimbini zinokuthi zibe nomzekelo ofanayo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo zihluke ngombala, ziguqule ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yobunjwa. Ngako oko, sinokuphendula ngokuzithemba umbuzo malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-heraldry: oku kubugcisa. Izambatho kunye neepende zemizimba esitampu zineempahla zaso.

Enamel

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe imibala yangempela ebonakalayo kwi-emblemology, kufuneka ubeke uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo umfanekiso. Kukho ezintathu kwizonke. Ngaphandle kwenkcazo yazo nganye, ukunikezwa kwe "Heraldry" akunakwenzeka.

Ama-enamels - iingubo eziqukethe i-vitreous powder kunye ne-enamel. Ukongeza, xa udala uluhlu oluphezulu lwe "ilebula" yobuKristu, ubhedu kusetyenziswa njengesiseko seplate. Ama-enamel ayeqhelekileyo kwiFransi ephakathi, apho afudukela khona eRussia. Elizweni lethu, kwaye ngoku kukho izikolo ezininzi ezenza ubugcisa bobugcisa obufanayo (Vologda, Rostov, njl.). Ngokuba ama-enamel kukho imibala emihlanu.

Umbala obomvu (okanye obomvu) uthetha isibindi, isibindi kunye nokungabikho. Yadalwa ngokuxuba i-cinnamar kunye neyamaminerali e-minium. Iitoni ezibomvu zingenye yezo zonke iindwendwe zikazwelonke ezinokuziqhayisa ngazo. Iiflegi ezibomvu zingenye yezona ziqhelekileyo.

Umbala oBlue (okanye u- azure) usetyenziswa ukugxininisa ubuhle, ubukhulu kunye nokuthoba. I-Azure iqukethe i-pigtramarine pigment kunye nensimbi ye-cobalt.

Umbala omnyama ubonakala ngokuthobeka, ubulumko kunye nentlungu. Ukuze unike iingubo ezimnyama, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukunyuka kweendlovu zendlovu.

Oluhlaza luphawu lobuninzi, ithemba kunye novuyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukunika umfanekiso wesithunzi esiluhlaza usebenzisa imifuno yemvelo kunye ne-chrome.

Umbala ogqomkileyo uthathwa njengesibonakaliso nje kuphela samandla namandla, kodwa nesidima. Isetyenziswe kangangoko kunemibala emine. Umbala onombala - umxube wedayi obomvu i-carmine kunye ne-varnish ye-pink hue.

Ukuba imibala yangaphambili ibhekwa njenge-canonical, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwamanye ama-pallet akuqhelekanga. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-eamel ye-orange, i-crimson, igazi, i-brown, i-gray, ne-pink.

Ukusetyenziswa koMbane

Isixhobo sesibini sisinyithi. Kuphela ezimbini ezisetyenzisiweyo - igolide nesilivere, okunye phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezibhekwa njengezinto ezilungileyo.

Umntu wokuqala, ngokuziqhenya ngokuthi "ukumkani wezinyithi", ufuzisela ubutyebi, amandla kunye nobuhle. Ukongeza, kwisithethe sobuKristu, umbala wegolide uwuphawu lobulungisa, ukholo, inceba nokuthobeka.

Isiliva kunye nokukhanya kwayo kuhamba rhoqo kunye nokuhlanzeka, ukungabi namacala, ukuhlonipha nokunyaniseka. Ngandlela-thile, izitye ezintle zibophelelwe kuyo yonke into ephambili ebomntu.

Igolide ibonwa njengomfanekiso wombala ophuzi, ngelixa isilivere ihambelana neepende ezimhlophe. Bahlala begubungela iingalo. I-Heraldry ibona umthunzi omhlophe enye yezona ziqhelekileyo kwezobugcisa bakhe. Abaculi banokufumana imibala yegolide neyesiliva kunye noncedo oluthile nje lwezinyithi ngokwawo, kodwa kunye nepeyinti ebalulekileyo.

I-Fur kwiinkhaka

Xa ukuhlobisa iingalo, iintlobo zezilwanyana ezimbini zisetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo-iprotheni kunye ne-ermine.

Ubunzima be-ermine buboniswe kwintsimi yesilivere okanye yegolide ngendlela yemigca emnyama. Le nto ifanekisela amandla. Ilungelo lokulusebenzisa lalinalo kuphela kwaye linamakhosikazi ahloniphekileyo nobukhosi, ahlukeneyo yimeko ekhethekileyo kuluntu.

Isikhuselo esimhlophe sifumaneka kwiifom ze-blue-blue kunye ezimhlophe. Ngokungafani ne-analog ye-ermine, ayifanekisanga nantoni na kwaye iboniswe rhoqo kwiifom ezifominiweyo. Izinto ezinjalo, umzekelo, zazingavamile eRashiya.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-furs, eyayinokulinganisela ubunzima bayo kwigolide ephakathi kweYurophu, yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa amabhanti emigqabha ngaphambi kokubonakala kweengalo.

I-relic yexesha elidlulileyo inokuqwalaselwa njengobumnandi obuhle. Umzekelo, inokufumaneka kwi-banner yeentsapho ezidumileyo zeHohenzollerns. Kwakuvela kule nkosi yokuba ookumkani basePrussia nabaKaisers baseJamani bafika.

Iintyatyambo njengezimboli

Iintyatyambo kwi-heraldry zazidume nakwiintsapho zasebukhosini. Ngokomzekelo, eNgilani, iidlands kunye nezimbali ze roses zingabonakaliswa kuphela kwisibonakaliso sobukhosi benkosi. Ukuba intsapho ehloniphekileyo yayingenaso isithsaba phakathi kweentsapho zayo, ayikwazi ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kweyodwa ikhusele kwikhuselo layo.

Imfazwe ye-Scarlet ne-White Rose, eyavela eNgilani ngekhulu le-15, yaqanjwa ngegama leempawu zamabhinqa amabini alwela amandla. I-Lancasters yayiziqheno ngovuko lwabo obomvu, kunye neYorkie - emhlophe. Ezinye iintlobo zeentyatyambo ezifakwe kwiintyatyambo ziyaziwa. Isibonakaliso esingabonakaliyo seBulgaria sisisiphumo sombala obomvu, ngelixa i-rose yellow isimboli saseBeijing.

Esinye isibonakaliso seentyatyambo esidumileyo siyi-lily. Kwakuyi-triad yeentyatyambo ezazingumqondiso wee-Bourbons, ezazilawula iFransi ngeenkulungwane eziliqela, kwaye itrone yeSpain isaphila.

Ingqungquthela yesimboli esilungileyo isisimboli seSkotland yonke. Ukususela kwimimiselo engaphandle, unokuzisa i-chrysanthemum, yintyatyambo yesizwe yaseJapan ukususela kwikhulu le-VII.

Imithi kwiingalo

Oak. Kuthetha ukuthini i-heraldry ngolu hlobo? Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ibonisa amandla kunye nenqaba. Ukongezelela, kwiitampu kunye neflegi unokufumana iziqhamo zaso.

Umnquma nomthi ngokukodwa isebe lawo libizwa ngokuba luphawu loxolo. Olu ngcaciso lusekelwe kwiBhayibhile. Ngokutsho kweTestamente elidala, ijuba lazisa uNowa igatsha lomnquma njengesibonakaliso sokuphela koMkhukula. Kuba amaSulumane, umnquma uthathwa njengomthi wobomi. Ijuba eliphethe isebe lomthi liyabonakala, umzekelo, kwengubo yeengalo zeFiji.

Kwakhona kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo zifunyenwe iipine kunye ne-cherry (eJapan - isimboli yobutyebi kunye nempumelelo).

Iintaka kwiimpawu

Ngokuqhelekileyo kunezinye iintaka ezivela kwintaka njengomfanekiso ocacileyo kunokwenzeka ukudibana nokhozi olusesikweni saseYurophu lithetha ngokulawula kunye namandla. Ingabonwa kwitywina le-USA, apho ephethe ioli yomnquma kunye neentsimbi ezilishumi elinesibhozo (ngokubhekiselele kwinani lamaziko asekelweyo).

Ngokukodwa ngokucophelela, i-heraldry ihlolisisa isibalo se -ukhozi ekhanda ezimbini, esinokufumaneka kwiinkcubeko zabantu abaninzi. Kukholelwa ukuba imvelaphi yayo ibangelwa yimpucuko yaseSumeri ukusuka eMesopotamia yasendulo. Ukusuka apho wafudukela kumaHeti.

UBukhosi baseByzantine basebenzise inkozi ephindwe kabini ukwenzela ukuchonga. Kwakuvela apho ukuba, kunye ne-Orthodoxy, idluliselwe eRashiya, apho yafumana ukuzalwa kwesibini. Iintaka ezinomdla ezinqabileyo kwiimpawu zeChernigov, eTver naseMoscow.

Kwaye kwaziwa kakhulu kumaJamani (iYordan Union, uMbuso oyiNgcwele oyiRoma, uMbuso wase-Austro-Hungarian, njl.). Namhlanje eli nani likhoyo kwiiflegi zeAlbania, iArmenia, iRashiya, iSerbia neMontenegro.

Ifana nekhozi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle, ebudeni bexesha elidlulileyo lidibaniswa neempawu zesintu: ukuhlonipha, ukukhwabanisa, isibindi namandla.

Imifanekiso yeentaka ezifana ne-heron, i-crane kunye ne-stork zifana nentsingiselo yazo. Njengomthetho, zibonakaliswa zimi emlenzeni omnye. Ukubunjwa okunjalo kubonisa ukuqaphela nokulinda.

Ukusuka kuma-labels "yamabhule" aqhelekileyo nezikhwebu eziqhelekileyo, amadada nama-roosters.

Iimpawu zezilwanyana

Ingcuka ixhaphake ngokukodwa kwisiko lesiJamani. Ngexesha elifanayo, eli liduna linenani elithile elilinganayo. Isiko laseRashiya lichaza kuye intukuthelo, ukuhaha nokukhwabanisa. EBhayibhileni lesi sihlunu sisisigxina sabaprofeti bobuxoki. Okudumileyo ngaphezu kwezinye iindlobano zakhe i-capitol ingcuka, ukondla iintsana ngobisi bakhe. Yisimboli "sixeko esiphakade" saseRoma. Ngokomxholo, uwasindisa abazalwana baseRomulus noRemus ekulaleni indlala, owokuqala owasungula ukuhlala.

Izilwanyana ezininzi zibhekwa njengento efanayo nobulali kunye neentloni. Lezi zinkuku kunye neebhokhwe. IWundlu inesimo esikhethekileyo kwisithethe sobuKristu. IMvana kaThixo kwiVangeli nguYesu Kristu. Ngaphandle kwayo, i-Europealdismaryaldaldary yayingenakuyenza. Iimpawu ezivela kwiibali zeBhayibhile zihlale zihlala kwindawo evelele kwiLizwe Elidala.

Ihashe inesimo esiyingqayizivele njengomhlobiso webhanki, ekubeni wayethembekile kwiingcali zama-knights. Akabonakalisi nje ukukhawuleza nokunyaniseka, kodwa nesibindi. Ihashe ihlala ibonakaliswa kwiprofayili.

Inyamazane, ehlala ibonwa njengezilwanyana ezintle, yayidume phakathi kweentsapho ezintle. Amaqhawe angasebenzisa umfanekiso wakhe njengobungqina bokusongelwa kweentshaba, kuba ummi ohlala ehlathini waxosha inyoka ngokuvumba kwayo.

Inkunzi, eyaziwayo ngumsindo wayo obundlobongela, ithwala ngokwazo iimpawu zobuntu njengenkalipho nangesibindi. Njengomthetho, kuboniswa kwiprofayili, kodwa kuphela intloko yebhola ifunyenwe.

Isiphelo

Namhlanje imbali ye-heraldry ifundisisa. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo, ibe yinto evelele kakhulu kwimimandla edlulileyo ye-feudal society. Uphawu oluhlukile lwaba lubufakazi bokuba yintsapho yakhe kunye nefa. Ukuhla kwe-interest in the phenomenon yaqala ngekhulu le-18. Ngexesha elide, imifanekiso ecacileyo yaba yintsalela yama-feudal, esele "ubuso" bezixeko kunye namazwe.