Novella - uhlobo loncwadi, ubugcisa ibali elifutshane

Novella - olu iprozi encinane esibalisayo, uhlobo ekhethekileyo zoncwadi, kufutshane amabali, izincoko, isincoko. It luphawulwa umsebenzi ichazwe ngokucacileyo iyelenqe okwakhokelela kukwayo lokugqibela. Omnye umahluko phakathi inoveli evela imisebenzi zoncwadi zezinye iintlobo - inani eliqingqiweyo zabalinganiswa. Ukuba inoveli, okanye ibali kukho ngokuqhelekileyo phezulu ukuya abadlali ababini abalishumi kwinoveli kukho ezimbini okanye ezintathu. elifutshane art ibali kanye ukuba bazise okukule umfundi ngu ngokwaneleyo ecaciswe kwifom zixinaniswe imixholo ebanzi.

ibali elifutshane njenge uhlobo soncwadi

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amabali amafutshane simanyene ngumbhali kwimijikelo ezincinane, njengoko eqhelekileyo kwelinye novelists abaziwayo, umbhali American O. Henry (William Sydney Porter). O. Henry amabali amafutshane zasasazwa ngokweendidi ezahlukileyo. Umzekelo, "egoso Noble" umjikelo wayebunjwa amabali amabali amafutshane elifutshane malunga noonqalintloko ezimbini ogama Andy Tucker kunye Dzheff Piters, yaye "Abantu Business" series uquka iqela amabali amafutshane kwi umxholo adventure abalinganiswa olwaphulo - "inkokeli Redskins," "Bolivar awenzanga ezimbini ", " Xa amaqabane umphefumlo " kunye nabanye.

novel Russian

ababhali Russian, ngokuchaseneyo isiFrentshi kunye ababhali American, novelists, akazibekanga ibali elifutshane intliziyo umsebenzi wakhe, waza wasebenzisa ibali elifutshane kwityala yi kwizimo ngazinye. AS Pushkin "Belkin", ebhalwe 1830 - ngumzekelo. Noko ke, isishwankathelo isihloko akuthethi ukuba ibali kwi indalo ebonakalayo ngaphantsi zenoveli umthamo okanye ibali. Kanti umbhali ebalulekileyo efana Dostoevsky wabhala, amabali amafutshane ( "ndiyiNkosikazi", "Double") ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe.

ababhali ibali elifutshane Russian

inoveli Russian ngengqiqo ezaziwa uhlobo iphuma lulusiba Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya, leyo kwezinye iimeko eziku wabhala - "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka", yaye kwezinye ngakumbi ngamafuphi - "The idyasi." Yaye eneneni, yaye kwelinye icala, ibali kutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ixabiso bezobugcisa imisebenzi ayinakuphikiswa.

wemidlalo Russian Anton Pavlovich Chehov wabhala kwinoveli ngendlela abayinqobo kuye, nto leyo inokuchazwa "yaseChekhov". Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umbhali sanako ibali elifutshane Wazibeka zonke ubomi lomlinganiswa, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu elide kunye engenakulibaleka. Ezikhethiweyo amabali amafutshane yaseChekhov kunye jonga elinganiselweyo ezifana mini-iinoveli. Kulo bali "Ionich" umbhali akwazi ukubonakalisa ubomi bomntu sitsho, yonke ikhontenti yayo tragicomic of iphepha 15. Imizekelo ezifana nayo 'ukwazi' ingqondo uhlangane kunye Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, kwaye omnye wabo - nto ibali elifutshane "Alyosha embizeni".

Story nesakhiwo

Njengoko ibali - yinto uhlobo uncwadi, nto leyo uba kabukhali sebali, oko ingasetyenziswa xa bebhala imisebenzi ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba uphuhliso ibali ochazwe isiphelo ngenyameko ubungqina enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, inoveli oqulethe izinto ezifunekayo ombane, imfihlakalo kunye wothuka entle lokugqibela. Ekuqaleni kunye ezinzulwini mbaliso esilawulwa isimbo cala, ukunqongophala ngokupheleleyo ingqiqo ngokwasengqondweni, kulandele isiphelo, engalindelekanga yaye ngokufuthi engenangqondo. Ebalini, okanye ibali elifutshane, phezu koko, umbhali uzama ukutyhila ngqo bokuqonda zengqondo kwembaliso, ingqalelo kakhulu ihlawulwa uhlobo lomlinganiswa, umongo walo enzulu.

Umbhali kunye Umphengululi Edgar Allan Poe

Novella - kukwayinto entle uhlobo yoncwadi, okuzalisekileyo amabali "udakumbile", zokucupha kunye kukududuzela amangcwaba. Outstanding umbhali-umbhali kufanele ithathwa njenge-American Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). Genre apho wasebenza umbhali, unique engaqhelekanga kakhulu: nobuxoki yoncwadi, uncwadi kukududuzela. Edgar Allan Poe wayengenguye ngumbhali kuphela. Wabhala ongumnini incwadi-study "Le conchology yokuqala ethi". umsebenzi a umphengululi oqolileyo, enikelwe nasekufundweni amaqokobhe mollusc Le nto. Ngokwesiseko phando wamiswa sikhokelo epheleleyo ezinemifanekiso ukuze conchology.

Umbhali, imbongi, umphengululi Edgar Allan Poe wabhala ebomini bakhe emfutshane malunga nekhulu amabali amafutshane, iyileyo kuthathelwa ingqalelo wobugcisa yobugcisa uncwadi, nangona umxholo engaqhelekanga. Oku "Golden Beetle", "Le Ukubulawa kwi Rue ezigcinwa kuyo," "Unomyayi." imisebenzi zobubi of Edgar Allan Poe akazange afumane ingqalelo ngenxa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. imbongi njani ngokucacileyo wabona uYakobi uLowell By ngobuqili chipped yimfumba ubuncwane zemibongo, kodwa bahlala gangalala emhlabeni, iziseko hayi zakhiwa.

Nazi ezinye amabali amafutshane of Edgar Allan Poe onyulwe:

• Unyaka-1832 - "Bon-Bon", "ngaphandle impefumlo", "Mertsengershteyn", "Ngomhla iindonga zeYerusalem."
• Unyaka 1833 - "Iphepha Club", "angcwatywa ephila", "ngqangi kwibhotile," "Izilo ezine ngo-One".
• Unyaka 1835 - "nguKumkani Ntlungu", "Shadow", "Morella," "Amaphepha nobomi indumasi," "Berenice."

Novella - uhlobo zoncwadi ehlanganisa kuzo zonke iinkalo ukubhala, leyo kunethuba elikhulu ibinzana bengqondo lokudala zombhali.