organelles iseli na izakhiwo ezisisigxina ezibonelela imisebenzi ethile ukwenza inkqubo umsebenzi wayo - ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, iyantlukwano phinda, njl Eukariticheskie (enyukliya) iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana babe isakhiwo esifanayo kwaye iseti phantse efanayo organelles kunye neeseli prokaryotic (non-nuclear) Kukho isakhiwo abangekaphuhli yaye abanazo ezininzi organelles.
organelles Cell, kuxhomekeke kubukho macandelo inwebu, yaye zahlulwe mebrannye non-ndizayo. Kuba non-inwebu organelles ziquka ribosomes kunye centrioles kunye nentshukumo organelle (microtubules kunye microfilaments). Ribosomes isondezwa okanye side umzimba, ezibandakanya iiyunithi ezimbini - ezinkulu nezincinane. Ukuhlanganisa kunye, ibe polysomes ribosome. Le organelle ikhona zombini iiseli prokaryotic kunye eukaryotic. Ribosomes badlala indima ebaluleke gqitha, ekubeni eqokelelwa ukususela iiproteni acid acid. Centrioles - Isilinda ezibuhlazarha, enamakhulu ezintathu kunye microtubules. Centrioles NdinguMenzi iziko yeseli, nto leyo ebandakanyekileyo eqeleni cell. Organelles motion ezi iityhubhu ezibuhlazarha okanye zixhobo leyo ezinokwenzeka ngendlela simahla kwi icytoplasm okanye ube yinxalenye misila, isiliya yokuluka.
organelles Membranous iiseli zahlulwe zibe elilodwa dvumembrannye. by odnomembrannym ziquka: EPS (inwebu endoplasmic), izixhobo Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles (efumaneka izityalo kunye nezilwanyana single-ezineseli).
reticulum Endoplasmic - nothungelwano olubanzi imisele kunye nemingxuma ukuba igcwale seli yonke. Yahlulwe smooth kunye alatyuzayo. Smooth EPS iqulethe enzayim inxaxheba carbohydrate kunye namafutha ukutya. EPS Elihle libandakanyeka leeprothini yokuqaphela, okwenzeka eqhotyoshelweyo noko ribosomes.
Izixhobo (complex) Golgi into eDibanisa nemingxuma abaqhagamshelwe-EPS. Yena okuzibandakanya ukutya kwaye ukuyilwa lysosomes.
Lysosomes - ajikelezayo ithole transcriptase ezincinane kuzaliswa onako ninamathele i organelles 'eyaphukileyo "kunye neeseli yonke, ukuba kuyimfuneko. It has a zikhusela.
Dvumembrannye cell organelles - mitochondria kunye plastids zilunge ngokukodwa izityalo. osemqoka yabo - ubukho inwebu ezimbini, i nomphandle wocango. I engaphandle (lwangaphandle) lenza umsebenzi inwebu exchange kunye nobudlelwane ezi seli organelles kunye namanye amacandelo, kunye nezi fom inwebu yangaphakathi nezibaya, va kubo lizele matrix - le into engamanzi. ezibayeni Internal kuthiwa cristae of mitochondria kunye plastids -hloroplastov - grana. Ezi organelles seli ziqulathe RNA ne-DNA. Mitochondria nokulungelelanisa ATP, othi lunguvimba energii.Funktsiya plastids ziya kuxhomekeka umbala wawo - enemibala (okanye leucoplasts) iicarbohydrate nenqwaba, kwisitatshi ethile; yellow,-orenji, obomvu (okanye chromoplasts) - ukunika umbala iintyatyambo neziqhamo; chloroplasts eluhlaza - unike Yindibanisela ATP, kanye carbohydrate.
iseli organelle Basic, a ngokomkhethe kudliwa phakathi icytoplasm kunye inwebu zenza inkqubo eyodwa ezifunekayo.