Phosphorus omhlophe, obomvu, kunye omnyama - iimpawu kunye nesicelo

Phosphorus yikhemikhali element eliqhelekileyo kwi planethi yethu. igama layo bubonakala "ezikhanyayo", ngokuba ekwimo yayo enyulu, ibengezela ukukhanya ebumnyameni. Vula le element kwaba ngengozi, esegumbini UHenning Brandt, xa wazama ukuze ufumane igolide nomchamo. Ekubeni phosphorus yeyona nto yokuqala abenzi bamachiza bakwazi ukufumana ngokubonisa ngee-eksperimenti zabo.

Iimpawu ze phosphorus

Kuyinto afana esebenzayo kakhulu, ngoko ngokwendalo ingafunyanwa kuphela ngohlobo kwezimbiwa - iikhompawundi kunye nezinye izinto, apho kukho iintlobo-190. Umchiza ibalulekileyo - phosphate calcium (ezimbiwa apatite). Ke kaloku kukho iintlobo ezininzi apatite, yeyona ixhaphakileyo leyo fluorapatite. Of apatite iqanjwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo rock ngentlenga - phosphate.

Kuba eziphilayo live phosphorus oko kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba yinxalenye zombini zemifuno kunye nezilwanyana iiprothini ngohlobo iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo.

Kwizityalo, lwesi sakhi uqulathwe kakhulu iiproteni imbewu izilwanyana - in iiproteni igazi ezahlukeneyo, ubisi, iiseli yobuchopho kunye kwizihlunu luvo. isixa esikhulu phosphorus equlethwe kwifomu ikhalsiyam phosphate emathanjeni ekuyo.

Phosphorus ikhona ezintathu utshintsho allotropic: phosphorus omhlophe, obomvu nomnyama. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

phosphorus White zingafumaneka ngokukhawuleza pholisa umphunga. Emva koko ke crystalline kwakhiwa oluqinileyo, leyo sikhanya ngokupheleleyo kwaye ezingenambala sikarhulumente olunyulu. phosphorus White, eyenzelwe ukuthengisa, zidla zipeyintwe umbala bulubhelu kancinane kwaye imbonakalo yawo ifana kakhulu ngumthwebeba. Kule into ebandayo kuba ethe, kwaye kubushushu ngaphezu kweqondo 15 uba ithambile kwaye lula kunqunyulwa ngemela.

Emanzini, phosphorus emhlophe ayichithwanga, kodwa uphendula kakuhle ukuba organic izinyibilikisi. Emoyeni ngayo yiluciferase ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (iqala ukutshisa) kwaye uba ebumnyameni. Eneneni, ingcamango ezikhanyayo kweziyobisi kunye umcuphi amabali ukuzingela of the Baskervilles edibene ne-phosphorus emhlophe. It is a ityhefu eziyingozi iyabulala nkqu ngeedosi ezincinane.

phosphorus obomvu - umbala obomvu esiqinileyo mnyama, nto leyo eye iimpawu ezahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka kuloo ezichazwe ngasentla. Oku oxidized umoya kancinci kakhulu, ebumnyameni, abasa, abasa kuphela zokufudumeza isisombululo sijike ephilayo yayo akunakwenzeka, kwaye akukho enetyhefu. A zokufudumeza enamandla, apho akukho ukufikelela lomoya, ngaphandle ukunyibilika, iguqulelwa kwi umphunga, leyo, phezu okupholisa, kunye phosphorus emhlophe ifunyenwe. Xa ukutshiswa izinto zombini kwakhiwa phosphorus oxide, nto leyo ebonisa phambi kubume ngayo loo nto. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba akhiwa into enye - phosphor - yaye iinguqulelo zayo allotropic.

Black phosphorus ilungisiwe ukususela emhlophe ngama 200 Celsius phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kuye isakhiwo sekhombuya, ukukhazimla ebuntsimbi kunye nenkangeleko efanayo mifanekiso. Kuzo zonke iintlobo into eqinileyo nguye esebenzayo ubuncinane.

Ukusetyenziswa phosphorus

Imveliso Modern phosphorus - malunga nesigidi esinye toni ngonyaka ngamnye. abavelisi Major: eUnited States, eNetherlands, Canada, eJamani.

Ubuninzi lombane phosphorus zaveliswa ngenxa thermal phosphoric acid isetyenziswa ukuvelisa izichumisi phosphate. phosphorus White isetyenziswa njenge-arhente sigade kwaye nomsi ekhobokisayo, kuquka ukuba tracer emthethweni.

Red isetyenziselwa ekwenziweni umphezulu sigade le bhokisi, kunye nokuveliswa ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo ukukhanya, wenza njengoko getter.

Phosphorus ifumene isicelo yayo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Isetyenziswa njengento isongezo ukuvelisa aluminium doped, solders, aluminium ezithambileyo Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye antifriction.