Proton mass

Lwakuba nje kwakukholelwa ukuba iyunithi incinane isakhiwo nayiphi na into - molecule. Emva koko, lo ukusungula ezinamandla ngakumbi, uluntu kumangaliswa kukufumanisa ingqiqo atom - amasuntswana edityanisiweyo eziphilayo. Kubonakala ngathi ngaphantsi kakhulu? Okwangoku, nokuba kamva ityhileke ukuba atom leyo iqulathe izinto ezincinane.

Xa yamachiza ekuqaleni British kwenkulungwane yama-20 Rutherford Ernest wavula phambi eziba atomic - izakhiwo ephakathi, loo mzuzu laba sisiqalo ukulandelelana obafunyanwa obungenasiphelo ngokuphathelele isakhi yunithi zincinane nto.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokusekelwe kwimodeli enyukliya lwesakhiwo-atom , yaye ngenxa izifundo ezininzi, kwakusazeka ukuba atom siquka inucleus, nto leyo lingqongwe i ilifu electron. Ukubunjwa i "ilifu" ezinjalo - electron okanye amasuntswana ezinesiqalelo nentlawulo ezimbi. Ukubunjwa undoqo, phezu koko, iquka amasuntswana kunye negama ngombane HIV isigxina na ukwamkelwa protons. Sele sitshilo ngentla apha, eli yamachiza waseBritani yakwazi ukuba uyigcine, emva koko ukuchaza esi senzeko. Ngowe-1919, wayeqhuba umfuniselo, olu sapho lwaluquka kwinto amasuntswana alpha ukuba ke unkqonkqozile nuclei hydrogen ye eziba zezinye izinto. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ukufumana phandle uze ubonise ukuba protons - nje ngumongo ye atom hydrogen ngaphandle electron enye. Xa protons physics mihla kuboniswe khona uphawu p okanye p + (nto leyo ke ithetha intlawulo positive).

Proton kwindlela Greek "i enkulu yokuqala" - an yamasuntswana samabanga aphantsi, oko kusenziwa kunikwe ingqalelo uhlobo baryons, ie enzima kakhulu amasuntswana nezakhiwo. Imele isakhiwo oluzinzileyo, yobomi yayo uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-2.9 x 10 (29).

Ngokwenene, ukongeza Proton, ngumongo atom nayo iqulethe neutron, leyo, olusekelwe phezu igama, neutrally ityala. Zombini ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba nucleons.

Ubunzima Proton, ngenxa yeemeko ezicacileyo, ixesha elide ayikwazanga kulinganiswa. Ngoku siyazi ukuba

MP = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Ngaloo ndlela Kubonakala kunye nobunzima abanye Proton.

Ngoku cinga iinkalo ezithile ukwenzela ukuqonda ezahlukeneyo Proton physics abaninzi.

Ubunzima amasuntswana ngaphakathi physics enyukliya udla imbono eyahlukileyo, oko iyunithi yokulinganisa amu

Amu - unit mass atomic. enye amu ilingana no 1/12 ubunzima atom carbon, nto leyo lilingana nenani ubunzima 12. Ngenxa yoko, 1 iyunithi ubunzima atom ilingana 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

Proton mass, ke ngoko, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

MP = 1,007276 ngokunjalo. e. m.

Kukho enye indlela yokubonakalisa ubunzima amasuntswana ngokuqinisekileyo ebizwayo besebenzisa iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo yokulinganisa. Ukuze wenze oku, kuqala kufuneka uthathe lula ulingano ubunzima namandla E = mc2. Apho c - isivamvo sokukhanya, kwaye m - ubunzima bomzimba.

Proton mass kulo mzekelo iyakulinganiselwa megaelectronvolts okanye MeV. Le yunithi yokulinganisa isetyenziswa kuphela xa physics yenyukliya kwaye yenyukliya kwaye isebenza ukulinganisa amandla oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ukutshintshwa kwisuntswana phakathi kweendawo ezimbini kwi endle electrostatic. Nemeko ukuba umahluko enokubakho phakathi kwezi ngongoma ilingana no-1 Volt.

Ngoko ke, enikwe 1 amu = 931,494829533852 MeV Proton eqina malunga

MP = 938 MeV.

Esi sigqibo sele ifunyenwe ngokusekelwe ngokwemilinganiso ngobuninzi spectroscopic nokuba ubunzima ngendlela ekwenziwa kuyo loo eboniswe ngasentla, kwaye kananjalo ngokuba e nergiey Proton ukuphumla.

Ngaloo ndlela, ugxininise kwiimfuno yomzamo, ubunzima isuntswana sincinane lungabonakaliswa ziinqobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, ngeeyunithi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza, ubunzima Proton lungabonakaliswa kuthelekiswa ubunzima electron, nto leyo eyaziwa ukuba kakhulu amasuntswana "nzima 'icala elihle. yimilinganiso elinganayo nge ukubala baberhabaxa kwaye impazamo ebalulekileyo kule meko bekuya kuba 1836.152 672 xa kuthelekiswa ubunzima electron.