Reich - a ... imbali Wesithathu (ngokufutshane)

Wesithathu - yinto igama sesikweni yaseJamani kwixesha ngokulandelelana ukusuka entlakohlaza 1933 ukuya kuMeyi 1945. Nangona ubomi nje elingephi, wayedlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, eshiya abaninzi musa ukusombulula le mfihlakalo. Makhe zama ukuchaza ngokufutshane izigaba ezibalulekileyo bayahlelwa karhulumente ngelo xesha. Kakade ke, kufuneka uqale ukusuka mzuzu xa uHitler waqalisa ukulawula, ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba iingcamango uye waphumelela iintliziyo amaJamani ezininzi kwaye ityhefu iingqondo zabo. Kodwa imfazwe - ayikho into kuphela yezopolitiko ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo. Phantsi iphiko bakhe, wazifinyezela izazinzulu ezininzi etyalwayo wabanika ithuba lokuba ukusebenza zizakhele. Le isisombululo uvumele Germany ukufumana izixhobo ebalaseleyo zobugcisa, sibonga ngalo ilizwe ngokukhawuleza ibuyiswe ngayo intshabalalo eyoyikekayo.

Imvelaphi yegama

Drittes Reich eliguqulelwe usho German ibinzana "Wesithathu." Okubangel 'umdla kukuba le nkcazo iguqulelwe Russian ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Igama elithi "Empire" ukuba ukuchazwa njenge 'karhulumente' yaye 'ubukhosi ", kodwa ke usondeleyo ingqiqo njenge" amandla "ezinjalo. Kodwa ngolwimi ngesiJamani, unako ukufumana ingqiqo eyimfihlakalo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, Reich - i "ubukumkani". Umbhali kolu luvo wayeyinkokeli waseJamani Arthur Moeller Van Den Bruck.

Okokuqala ne Reich Second

Wesithathu ... Le nkulumo abazaziyo phantse wonke umntu. Kodwa bambalwa kukwazi ukucacisa ukuba kutheni urhulumente wabizwayo loo ndlela. Kutheni wesithathu? Isibakala sokuba Van Den Broek esingaqondwayo ilizwi uhlanga ayahlukahlukenanga, apho wakhawulwa njengendawo ngokuba bonke abantu German. Ngokutsho izimvo zakhe, Reich Lokuqala - a Roman Empire of the Nation waseJamani.

ukuphila kwakhe kwaqala ngo-962, yaye yaphazamiseka ngo-1806 ngenxa kokoyiswa, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uNapoleon. Second Reich ebizwa uBukhosi German, wadala 1871, ngeli xesha xa imithetho William I. imbali yawo yaphela emva revolution 1918. Oku kuthiwa iJamani i Kaiser kaThixo. Kodwa Wesithathu, ngokutsho Van Den Bruka, yenziwe ezihlangwini ezibuthathaka Weimar Republic, kwaye bekufanele ukuba nengqibelelo. Sele ingcamango kwadlula Adolf Hitler. Ngoko ke, imbali eJamani, ngamafutshane, ukungena nje zibe ezilandelelanayo Empire.

Imbali emfutshane

By the engama-20 ubudala - ekuqaleni sharing-30. uqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaba phantsi kolawulo ntlekele kwihlabathi ethe sisiqhwala kuquka iJamani. Nale kwaye ekuqaleni ezinxulumene ngo-1934, bayahlelwa Wesithathu. Xa imeko imeko mandundu kakhulu yezopolitiko. Ngelo xesha linye lenyuka ukubaluleka Party Socialist Workers 'National. Ngelo kaJulayi unyulo 1932, iMbasa 37% iivoti. Kodwa ke, nangona sele igqithile elinye iqela, kodwa oku akuzange ngokwaneleyo ukwenza urhulumente.

Isiphumo yokhetho ilandelayo waba ngaphantsi (32%). Yonke kulo nyaka uMongameli Hindenburg wabongoza uHitler ukuba abe lilungu likarhulumente, wambuza ukuba babeke Usekela-Ngqonyela. Noko ke, yena wayezimisele kuphela kwisikhundla sokuba nguTshansila. elandelayo zasebusika Hindenburg kuphela siwele nale mibandela. Yaye January 30, Adolf Hitler wamiswa nguTshansila.

Sele ku February, wavala Communist Party kunye neenkokheli zayo nxamnye intshutshiso onzima baqala, leyo yathotyelwa phantse isiqingatha samalungu ayo.

Ngoko nangoko yachithwa Reichstag, watyhutyha kulonyulo Matshi iphumelele NDSAP. Urhulumente elitsha elisekiweyo sele kwintlanganiso yokuqala, ngoMatshi 23 yamkele ngamandla akhethekileyo ilungelo kaHitler.

NgoJulayi, iye yabhangiswa onke amaqela akhoyo ngaphandle lwamaNazi. Kwakhona ichithwe iimanyano zabasebenzi, kwaye endaweni yoko kwasekwa waseJamani Labour Front. 1938 kwaphawula ekuqaleni wokubopha kutshatyalaliswe amaJuda.

ethandwa kaHitler landa. Indima enkulu oku edlalwa yi bubuxoki: Germany Kaiser kunye ababuthathaka Weimar Republic balahlwa, kwaye Ndakhumbula ke ukoyiswa kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Kwakhona, i-uMlawuli kubangelwe ukuthandwa nokukhula ekupheleni le-Great Depression kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho buqapheleke. Wabalasela kukuba ngeli xesha elo lizwe iye yaba yiyo ekhokela ukuvelisa iintsimbi ezifana aluminiyam nensimbi.

Ngowe-1938, Austria wazibandakanya Reich, yaye emva kwayo 1939 - neCzechoslovakia. Kunyaka olandelayo, intloko eSoviet Union kunye iJamani wasayina isivumelwano zoxolo.

KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye Wesithathu

NgoSeptemba 1939, imikhosi Reich wangena Poland. France kunye Britain ukuphendula, zihlasele iJamani. Kule minyaka mithathu izayo ye Reich woyisa amazwe aseYurophu. NgoJuni 1941, iJamani yahlasela iSoviet Union, wathimba abantu belizwe lakhe.

Kwimimandla oyisa efakiweyo imo deterrent. Oku kwabangela ukuba ukuvela amaqela yabanqolobi.

NgoJulayi 1944, i Icebo lika lokuzama (ukusebenza) kunye ukuzama ayiphumelelanga kubomi kaHitler senziwa. Xa imo amaqela zilungelelaniswe yabanqolobi efihlakeleyo.

NgoMeyi 7, 1945 isenzo olungenamiqathango esayiniweyo emuva eJamani. 9 Meyi ngemini isiphelo impi leyo. Ke May 23 wabanjwa ngurhulumente Wesithathu.

State and indawo isakhiwo Wesithathu

Intloko bukhosi yaba Chancellor. Amandla yolawulo iye buzinze ezandleni zikarhulumente. Indlu yowiso yaba Imperial Ukudla, eyonyulwe ngabantu. Ngaphakathi Germany ke lavunyelwa ukuba yokuqhuba Party National kuphela Socialist Workers '.

Wesithathu yayahlulwe elinesine ilizwe elo ngokwemizi ezimbini.

Amazwe ifakiwe karhulumente ngenxa yokwanda, kwaye abo baphila becala baseJamani yobuhlanga, zaye zabandakanywa kuyo njengoko Imperial Circle. Baye ngokuba "reyhsgau". Ngaloo ndlela, Austria yahlulwa ibe ezikhoyo ezinjalo ezisixhenxe.

Kwi amazwe ahlala aseleyo umbutho Reichskommisariat. Zizonke ezinjalo ezikhoyo ezintlanu endimdalileyo, uhlobo abane ocwangcisiweyo.

Symbols of the Wesithathu

Mhlawumbi uphawu edume kakhulu futhi eziqhelekileyo eziphawula Wesithathu - neflegi ebomvu kunye swastika, apho nangoku akuvumelekanga kumazwe amaninzi. Ngendlela, ukuba baboniswa phantse yonke karhulumente iimpawu. Loo nto inika umdla isixhobo Reich, ingakumbi ebandayo, wadalwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu iyunifom kunye neempawu zesizwe. Enye lesiphumo umnqamlezo intsimbi kunye eziphelweni wokushumayela. I ingubo iingalo yena umfanekiselo Black Eagle, xa neenzipho yaba enesidanga oki nge swastika.

"I Song of the amaJamani"

Lokubonga Wesithathu - idale phantse kwenkulungwane ngaphambi ekuqaleni kukaHitler "Ingoma yiJamani." Umbhali lo mbhalo Hoffmann von Fallersleben. zomculo wabhala Yozef Gaydn. Lokubonga Wesithathu ngoku ukwakhiwa aphambili Germany emanyeneyo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i "Song of the amaJamani" ngemihla yethu ingabangeli unxulumano ezinjalo onamandla ezimbi, ezifana swastika. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusebenzi imingcelele yamajoni Wesithathu.

Kunjalo, abanye babo. Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa ebhaliweyo uHorst uWessel, waba uhambo amajoni nokubetha umhobe ANC. Namhlanje, oko kungavumelekanga yi mithetho lolwaphulo-eJamani Austria.