Iincwadi Russian zenkulungwane yama-20, ithuba ukubunjwa, abameli eziphambili

Imbali iincwadi Russian kwinkulungwane yama-20 iqala ngo-1881. Ithuba lotshintsho phakathi iinkulungwane ithathwa "ubudala yesilivere 'yayo (in ukuqhubeka Pushkin kaThixo" Golden Age "). Uhlaziyo zenkulungwane yama-20, wengxabano kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuphila ababa kodwa kuchaphazela isimo nezazi yoyilo. Ababhali abaninzi abanelisekanga inkcazo kunye nohlalutyo iingxaki zentlalo, ababhali abaninzi baqale bacinge ngale mibuzo obungunaphakade ubomi nokufa, ubukho okulungileyo nokubi. A nempembelelo ebalulekileyo inkcubeko xesha, kwaba unqulo, umxholo wonqulo waba ngomnye imisebenzi esisiseko ababhali abaninzi. iincwadi Russian kwinkulungwane yama-20 ziphuhliswe iimeko ezintsha zembali, esingakwaziyo kodwa abe nempembelelo ngayo. nezazi Creative ixesha uyakuqonda ukuba utshintsho ezayo ebomini eli lizwe, yaye ngoko ebomini babo kukho ukungavisisani. Ezinye elindele nabo uvuyo nethemba, enye - ngoloyiko kukududuzela, leyo idluliselwe umfundi xa efunda imisebenzi yabo.

I Revolution of 1917 okuphosela iincwadi Russian yelo xesha kwiinkampu ezimbini: iincwadi kunye 'uyazazi ukuba' imisebenzi aseBrithani Russian. A ummeli ebalulekileyo wale mithandazo Vladimir Nabokov, inkoliso imisebenzi zingabonwa ngokucacileyo ekhaya.

iincwadi Russian kwinkulungwane yama-20 usinike ilizwe lethu kwihlabathi jikelele, kukho inani elikhulu buchopho zelizwi. Oku kusebenza ikakhulu kwisihobe. Imbongi le "Age Silver" zezi: UNikolai Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, uAnna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, uVladimir Mayakovsky, uAleksandr Blok, njl Owayesakuba amalungu uncwadi eSoviet ezi Yesenin kunye Mayakovsky. Owasungula le kuthiwa-uncwadi anti-eSoviet kuthathwa Alexander Blok, owabhala ngaloo minyaka kumbongo "Zazilishumi".

iincwadi Russian kwinkulungwane yama-20 imelwe iintsika amathathu: ngokoqobo, lemfundo avant-garde kunye kwimpucuko, nganye nohlulwe kwii ariya ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, kwimpucuko eqalwe acmeism uphuhliso umqondiso. abameli Outstanding le ngcamango: Valery Bryusov, uKonstantin Balmont, nguDmitry Merezhkovsky, Andrei Bely, Alexander Blok. Wabaseki acmeism Russian zoncwadi ingqalelo Anna Akhmatova, Osip Hope, UNikolai Gumilyov.

Enye yezona iinkalo ezininzi umdla ubuciko boncwadi amashumi eminyaka yokuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20 imvuselelo wesiqingatha-ilityalwe ngeendlela zothando. Ubuchule Aleksandra Grina moya emangalisayo engapheliyo fantasy kunye reverie. Umsebenzi abasebenzi revolution iimbongi zibhalwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo, ezothando entsha sabasebenzi. Iimbongi Nechayev, Privalov, Tarasov ezintsomini zabo, iminxeba kunye imingcelele poeticizes feat sobugorha, ukudibanisa imibala eqaqambileyo lencazelo ukuvutha, umlilo, ukutshona kwelanga, isifingo lwabo ebomvu.

Ukususela ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, abaninzi ababhali eSoviet wabonakala phezu edabini. Imisebenzi yeli xesha zaye zabhalwa ulwimi effervescent, ingcamango zabo ephambili ekulweni Fascism. Ngokuqinisekileyo nokuphawula imibongo wokuthand ka-Anna Akhmatova, Tvardovsky, Tikhonov. Ngexesha lemfazwe, ababhali baya waguqukela uhlobo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu iincwadi: izincoko, amabali amafutshane, iingxelo kunye namaphetshana.

iincwadi Russian besiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yama-20 imelwe neentlobo eziliqela, ngomhla ukuyilwa apho waba negalelo elikhulu: kwiStalinism, "nobudlelwane", kungekho kukhula, perestroika. iincwadi Russian iye nayo endleleni yakhe kobunzima obuninzi, maxa wambi abafumana kukuwaxhalela karhulumente, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba phantse ngokupheleleyo phantsi kokuvalwa umlomo wakhe. Namhlanje, iincwadi Russian kwinkulungwane yama-20 iyanakanwa ehlabathini lonke, imisebenzi ababhali Soviet aleswayo laya kude, luthe lwancothulwa eshukumayo, yeqonga imidlalo yaseqongeni. Le ndoda Anizange nifunde kubomi imisebenzi Solzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, ilahlekile ngokwenene kakhulu ...