Russia isixhobo hypersonic

Kunye nokuphuculwa netheknoloji izixhobo ezintsha buya umba ngokuya ngokwemixholo kuhlaziywe kwiinzame zokuthintela emkhosini. Uphuhliso lokuqala izixhobo hypersonic ngenkuthalo sivavanywe China, i-United States kunye Britain, nto leyo eyenza Russia yaye zifakwe kule iingalo ngokobuhlanga, kwaye hayi ngaphandle impumelelo. abayili Domestic basebenza kwiindawo ezimbini, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kungekuphela nje amandla ezikhubekisayo ngezikrweqe hypersonic, kodwa ukhuseleko. Imveliso lothotho inani imifuziselo yale hlobo kumazwe oluphambili kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwiminyaka engama-10, kodwa sele siyazi ukuba isizukulwana entsha enomjukujelwa zokhuselo akayi kuba nako ukuxhathisa izisongelo ezinjalo.

Iimpawu isixhobo hypersonic

Imisebenzi zibekwa phambi izixhobo hypersonic phambi babelwa imijukujelwa imikhumbi, ngokusekelwe emoyeni. GO neemvavanyo AMAGQABAZA ▸ zibonisa ukuba yokugcina isizukulwana esitsha phezu komyalelo olungaphaya analogue ezikhoyo ngenxa ngesantya esiphezulu. Kunye nale isixhobo hypersonic linyukile ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza yentshabalalo. Xa practice, oku kuthetha ukuba iimbalelwano enomjukujelwa olunokubakho yokhuselo namhlanje ayinakwenzeka okanye ubuncinane nzima.

Ngokusekelwe iingenelo echongiweyo, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba isiphumo ukuba wadala kwaye wothuka - ukutshatyalaliswa ekujoliswe lwenzeka malunga neyure emva kokuba isigqibo. Ngenye indlela, iimpawu ezinjalo iye phambili izixhobo Russian hypersonic ngaphandle ukuvumela ixesha lokulungiselela utshaba yokugxotha pin. Xa sincokola ngayo ukubetha uluhlu, ngoko ngalo mzuzu kuba anqongophele ayi iwaka ezimbalwa, kodwa kungekudala kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukufezekiswa iinjongo naphi na ehlabathini.

gun hypersonic

Enye yezinto ethembisayo Russian kule klasi yeyona ashukimisayo hypersonic isixhobo - umpu magnetic (okanye isilinge). Oku elikhulu-scale lokuqalisa Iprojekthi aviaustanovki, nto leyo ibandakanyeka ekudalweni yentlangano ngasese. Noko ke, loo nto yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngompu magnetic engabizwanga nje yoqheliso motor yomgama, nazisasaza Jets ukuya kumazinga engakholelekiyo. Kuthathwa ukuba isilinge ziya kufakwa kwi njengomthuthi moya ezizodwa, ukubana omalunga 80 amawaka. Iitoni, ukwakhiwa eziya kugqitywa ngo-2018.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho AMAGQABAZA ▸ izixhobo ezifanayo in China nase-United States. Relative eTshayina, ezi data ndingenalo ozinzisiweyo, kodwa ntlanu iminyaka 10 wakhokela uphuhliso kweli cala, kwaye ngoku zezityalo EMALS, eyenzelwe inkampani moya "Gerald Ford".

izikhali hypersonic

Kuba okokuqala imfuneko ngezantya ultra-high kwi ezase ethetha waseUSSR, wenza xa kwazanywa ukuncedisana enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa iintlawulo ezinamaphiko supersonic kunokuba yenyukliya. Ukwandiswa kwale ngqiqo ke Russian isixhobo yakutshanje hypersonic ngohlobo lwe-moya hypersonic (GLA). (. Ngaphezu amawaka 5 m / s) Ukongeza isantya ngaphambili, inkqubo uyakwazi ukutshintsha isikhokelo - ukuba iyunithi imodeli moya nonclassical wenza omnye a uhlobo. SFA uyakwazi intshukumo kwISithuba ukungena ukubuyela emoyeni, oko akunakwenzeka nokuba mijukujelwa mihla.

Nangona kunjalo, i-United States kwaye musa ngoyaba izinto ezinjalo. Enye into kukuba iimpawu amandla nento yokuba kakhulu ngaphantsi ku Iindlela zasekhaya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-US uye izixhobo hypersonic yale iklasi ngeendlela eziliqela, kuquka Hyper-X kunye HySTR AMAGQABAZA ▸. Ukususela kuphuhliso Ukufihla kweenkcukacha zezigulana kancinane, kodwa siyazi ukuba ezinye zazo oseqongeni imijukujelwa ballistic kwezixhobo zobuchule ukuba sele ethathiwe zingabikho emarikeni.

zokulungisa

Kwelinye icala, phantse zonke kweli lizwe, okhokelayo ngakwicala lophuhliso izixhobo hypersonic zazijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko umoya wokhuselo mihla. Kodwa kwelinye icala, kwakukho kakhulu ngokucacileyo imfuno ukhuseleko ukususela kwiinkqubo ezifana lutshaba, kuba iinkqubo ezikhoyo Uyalwa abusebenzi phambi imijukujelwa eziphaphazelayo ngesantya ultra-high.

A ulwalathiso ethembisa nokudalwa iinkqubo ezintsha ukhuseleko sizukulwana kukho wokhuselo aerospace - ngalo mzuzu ukuba simelane kuphela amathuba afumanekayo kwi sixhobo hypersonic. Russia malunga oku kuye namava, njengoko kuboniswa AMAGQABAZA ▸ kwezixhobo thermobaric kunye kagesi. Ngaphandle koku, iisampulu esele zenziwe, okanye iikhonsepthi, njengako apho umntu ukuthetha malunga ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo kwezixhobo hypersonic kodwa. Ukuphuhliswa kuphela, leyo kuthiwa umsebenzi ngoyaba ukusuka emhlabeni, yinkqubo anti-enomjukujelwa S-500, nto leyo kulindeleke ukwenzeka kuphela.

ukusebenza ngokuphawulekayo

Nangona abaninzi thelekisa amandla boyise izixhobo hypersonic kunye kokuwa emkhathini (kungenxa izinga isigxina), i ezase akukho weziqhushumbisi, ngoko ke detonation emthethweni kotshaba into ayikho ezisengozini. Ukanti izixhobo hypersonic ingxaki enkulu. Isakhono ngamandla, nto leyo sinikezwe kwiqokobhe sisinyithi eqhelekileyo nezinobunzima-20 kg, ngexesha start-up kuthatha Iyamangalisa namandla entshukumo. Oku kunegalelo ukubetha zombane leyo eyandisa njengoko warhead kunabela phakathi yimiqolo ezimbini isindululi. izixa Huge yamandla ukuqalisa ezase amandla ukurhoxiswa koko ubushushu ukusuka Umphanda le isixhobo - olunika isixhobo ezimbi hypersonic.

Iinjini yezithuthi hypersonic

Yesiseko apho ukuphuhlisa ethembisayo Russian isixhobo hypersonic azotywe zonke iinjini jet ngenxa iinqwelo- besizukulwana esitsha. Kukho irula-ramjet, turbopryamotochnye kunye ramjet basafunda iinkqubo, nto leyo evumela ukunciphisa ubunzima kwezixhobo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukugcina amandla eliphezulu umxhelo. Umzekelo, injini ramjet ingaquka izixhobo kunye SPVRD scramjet, leyo zaphuhliswa ukususela 1960 kunye namhlanje umsebenzi inkqubo isebenze ngesantya ultra-high.

Ezinye iinkalo zophuhliso

Ingcamango izixhobo hypersonic ifumana indawo kwezinye yayigcinwa yodederhu emkhosini-mveliso zasekhaya. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa loo kuvunyelwa nkqu nokudalwa ekuhlaseleni. Babizwa ngokuba waveriders njengoko imijukujelwa, yiba scheme engaqhelekanga ashukimisayo, sivumele siye kungena isithuba kwaye konga isibaso. Kwakhona, abameli yecandelo lezokhuselo ngokuphindaphindiweyo sitshilo ukuba iRussia kulungiselela ezase eqondisa entsha, hypersonic efana US isixhobo-uhlobo isiwuza CAV nesangxa.

Mhlawumbi oku phambili moya yaqonda, apho iinjini jet isizukulwana esitsha ziza kufakelwa. Noba indlela, uluhlu lweendlela apho iinjineli Russian zisebenza, kumba kakhulu, kwaye kwixesha elizayo kufuneka inike ukhuseleko ngamandla kunye ngempumelelo ekhubekisayo.

isiphelo

Xa ukuqonda mihla kwezixhobo hypersonic yaphinda yathandwa Bulelani eUnited States, xa ingqiqo i "fast strike jikelele" laliqulunqwe. Kulo nyaka uqale ugqatso iingalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje eyipasile uvavanyo sigaba AMAGQABAZA ▸ yokuqala kwezixhobo hypersonic. Russia kuthatha ukuba ngowokuqala, enye yeendawo eziphambili.

Phakathi zalo eziluncedo ziquka kungekuphela olunzulu ukuphuculwa iziganeko ezikhoyo kweli candelo, njengoko kungenzeka yokudibanisa ingqiqo enomjukujelwa hypersonic, kunye nomoya kunye nabammeli emajukujukwini. Ngenxa yesi sakhiwo kusaqulunqwa moya avavanywe izibaso ezizezinye, kubandakanywa oonokrwece hydrogen, iyaphuculwa kunye iinjini hypersonic ukuba izixhobo zomkhosi.