Russian East Far. Isixeko Russian East Far (uluhlu)

Ummandla Russian Far East - ummandla wejografi equka indawo kwi zitya njengemilambo iyangena Pacific Ocean. Kwakhona ziquka Kuril, Shantarsky and Commander Islands, Sakhalin Island and Wrangel. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ziza kuchazwa kule nxalenye Russian Federation, kwakunye kwezinye iidolophu Russian Far East (uludwe ezizezona zikhulu ziza kunikwa kwisicatshulwa).

labantu

Ummandla Russian Far East yeyona zasala eli lizwe. Kuyinto ekhaya ukuya malunga nezigidi 6.3. Man. Oku kubonisa malunga ne-5% yabantu bebonke Russian. Kule minyaka 1991-2010 abahlali lehla nge-1.8 mln. Abantu. Ngokumalunga izinga lokukhula kwenani labemi kwiMpuma Ekude, kwi Territory Primorsky, yena -3,9, kwiRiphabliki Sakha - 1.8, ingqayi - 0.7, i-iyavuma Territory - 1.3, ngomhla Sakhalin - 7.8, kwingingqi Magadan - 17.3, kummandla Amur. - 6, ummandla ena - 6.2, kwingingqi Chukotka - 14.9. Kwimeko ukuqhuba iintsingiselo zangoku Chukotka uhlala ngaphandle kweminyaka labantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-66, yaye Magadan - nge 57.

izifundo

Russian Far East kuthatha indawo ye 6169,3 amawaka eekhilomitha. Oku malunga ne-36% yalo lonke ilizwe. Amaxesha amaninzi ukuya East Far zibandakanya ummandla Trans-zamanzi. Oku kungenxa kwindawo eendawo bakhe, kwakunye nomsebenzi zemfuduko. Ene yahlulwe kwiingingqi zilandelayo East Far: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, le izimele yamaYuda, ena, iyavuma Territory. Njengenxenye DFO kwakhona langoku Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

Imbali Russian East Far

Xa BC 1-2 kwiwaka, ummandla Amur kwakuhlala izizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo. Le abantu eFar East Russia namhlanje ayahlukanga yi iintlobo ezifana, njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaloo mihla. Abemi koko ibe Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, njalo njalo. Le misebenzi iphambili zabemi lokuloba nokuzingela. Zokuhlala ezininzi yamandulo Primorye, ziphantsi era Paleolithic, esafunyanwa kufuphi kummandla Nakhodka. Xa Stone Age kummandla eKamchatka kuhlala Itelmen, Koryak kunye Ainu. Ngu phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX kwaqalisa ukuvela Evenki. Kwinkulungwane XVII urhulumente Russian baqala ukwandisa eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude. 1632 waba ngunyaka isiseko Yakutsk. Phantsi kwesikhokelo Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova kunxweme yoLwandle Okhotsk oko yayiququzelelwe njengephempe 1647. Namhlanje, le ndawo sisizibuko Russian - Okhotsk. Uphuhliso Russian East Far waqhubeka. Ngoko ke, yi phakathi abahloli ngenkulungwane XVII Khabarov kunye Poyarkov weza ezantsi ukusuka Yakutsk nenqaba. Phezu kwemilambo Amur kunye Zeya ke wadibana zezizwe ezibe imbeko kwi-Chinese Qing Dynasty. Ngenxa yoko, le mpi yokuqala Nerchinsk umnqophiso sasayinwa phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngokuhambelana kunye Cossacks ngayo Kwathi ummandla Qing uBukhosi kwakheka kwi kumazwe Albazinskogo kwiphondo. Ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano wagqiba unxulumano lobuchule kunye norhwebo. phantsi kwesivumelwano kumda wabaleka ngasentla ecaleni lomlambo. Gorbitz kunye lwamawa i Amur lweMeditera. Ukungaqiniseki wahlala endle kuLwandle Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi iindawo phakathi nakummango kunye Taykansky Kivun. Ngasekupheleni Cossacks Russian kwekhulu XVII kunye nophando Kozyrevsky Atlasov yaqalwa ena Peninsula. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVIII ukuba yafakwa eRashiya.

ngekhulu XVIII

Ngowe-1724, phezu ena Peninsula, uPetros ndathuma hambo lokuqala. Koko wabubhekisa yayo Vitus wethu. Ngenxa umsebenzi abaphandi nenzululwazi IsiRashiya ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga kwinxalenye esempuma eSiberia. Oku, ingakumbi, i mimandla Magadan kunye ena mihla. Kukho amakhadi amatsha zachazwa ngokucacileyo zilungelelanise zonxweme Far Eastern kunye Strait, eyathi kamva igama kuLwandle wethu. hambo lwesibini yasekwa ngo-1730. Yena kwakhokelela Chirikov kunye wethu. Umsebenzi hambo yaba ukufikelela elunxwemeni America. Inzala, ingakumbi, imelwe Alaska kunye Aleutian Islands. Studies of ena ngenkulungwane XVIII umshado Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX kwekhulu

Ngeli xesha, oko yaqala uphuhliso esebenzayo ye-Russian Far East. Oku kube negalelo elikhulu buthathaka uBukhosi Qing. Yena ngo-1840 eyayibandakanyekile umlaliso War 1. imisebenzi Military nxamnye imikhosi emanyeneyo eFransi eNgilani Guangzhou kunye Macau zifuna izinto ezinkulu kunye nezibonelelo zabantu. Kumantla China wahlala phantse ngaphandle inshorensi, oku waza wathabatha ithuba Russia. Yena, kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu, wathabatha inxaxheba kwicandelo buthathaka uBukhosi Qing. Ngowe-1850, xa emlonyeni Amur afike uLieutenant Nevel. Apho waseka isithuba yasemkhosini. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente Qing iye zibizwe kwimiphumo umlaliso War kunye enxulumene nemisebenzi yabo kwaqhambuka Taiping Imvukelo, yaye, ngokunjalo, akanako ukunika impendulo eyaneleyo amabango Russia, Nevel ugqiba ukuvakalisa emdeni Tatar Ithemba Island kunye emlonyeni izinto zasekhaya Amur. Ngowe-1854, 14 Meyi, Count Muraviev, zinedatha evela Nevelsk, ukungabikho kweeyunithi zomkhosi eTshayina umbutho emlanjeni, ukuqabela. Le umkhankaso yaba umkhumbi "Argun", 29 eYafo, izikhephe 48 kunye nabantu malunga 800. Ngexesha zezixhobo ingxubevange, amajoni kunye nezinto basinda. Inxalenye emkhosini waya kuLwandle ena ukomeleza ekampini uPetros noPawulos. Ezinye azithengiswa kwi kummandla owayesakuba kummandla Amur isicwangciso uphando Chinese. kwaqhutywa ingxubevange yesibini emva konyaka. Kwaba khona ngabantu malunga 2.5 amawaka. Ekupheleni kuka-1855, abaliqela zokuhlala kwahlelwa esezantsi ye Amur River: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, Irkutsk. Ngowe-1858 ibhanki ekunene ngokusemthethweni ukuba ehlonyelwe eRashiya ngokungqinelana ne-Aigun iSivumelwano. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgaqo eRashiya kwiMpuma Ekude akazange abe banqande. Isivumelwano sisayinwe namanye amazwe ngaphandle ukusebenzisa umkhosi.

indawo Geographical

Far East of Russia ekupheleni komzantsi umda North Korea, kumazantsi-mpuma Japan. Ngokugqithileyo kumntla-mpuma wethu Strait - kunye eUnited States. Omnye State, ngomda i East Far (Russia) - China. Ukongeza zolawulo, kukho omnye division of DFO. Ngoko ke, abo babizwa ngokuba kwimimandla ekwanti ye-Russian Far East. Le ndawo enkulu kangangoko. North-Eastern eSiberia, owokuqala malunga ekwafanekisa kwinxalenye esempuma Yakutia (iindawo entabeni ukuya kwimpuma Aldan noLena). North Pritihookeanskaya lizwe - ummandla yesibini. Oku kuquka inxalenye esempuma kwiNgingqi Magadan., Chukotka Ukuzilawula District, inxalenye esemntla iyavuma Territory. Ukuze kube ikwaquka Kuril Islands kunye ena. Ukubunjwa amazwe Amur-Sakhalin na EAO Amur mmandla., Inxalenye ngasemzantsi iyavuma Territory. Kwakhona, libhekisela Sakhalin Island kunye Primorsky Krai. E Central noMzantsi eSiberia, Yakutia ibandakanya, ukongezelela inxalenye yayo empumalanga.

sezulu

Kufuneka wathi Russian Far East unalo ubukhulu enkulu kangangoko. Oku kucacisa umahluko imozulu ekhethekileyo. Kuyo yonke imimandla Yakutia kunye Magadan kummandla Kolyma, umzekelo, kabukhali yezwekazi siyema. Nakwelasezantsi-mpuma - uhlobo zemvula zemozulu. Lo mahluko ixhomekeke impefumlelwano khona umoya elwandle kwaye yelizwekazi kwisibanzi ziingcathu. Ukuya ngasezantsi uphawuleka kabukhali-zemvula kwemozulu kunye ulwandle mussonoobrazny ukuya emntla. Oku kubangelwa yentsebenziswano yelizwe e North-Asia kunye wePasifiki. impembelelo Special kwi imeko kwemozulu iye Okhotsk Sea kunye Primorsk yangoku abandayo elunxwemeni loLwandle Japan. Enye into ebalulekileyo kule ndawo kwaye eentaba namageduka. Kwinxalenye zwekazi Far Eastern Federal District of nobusika ikhephu encinane kunye iqabaka.

iimpawu Weather

Ihlobo ishushu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa nje elingephi. Ngokumalunga kwimimandla yonxweme, kukho ebusika nekhephu kunye nowobulali, intwasahlobo kuyabanda kwaye babezilazila, yasekwindla efudumeleyo nezinde ehlotyeni cool kakhulu. Kunxweme ezi iinkanyamba rhoqo, inkungu, neenkanyamba neemvula ezinkulu elide. Ukuphakama ikhephu kwi ena Peninsula kunokuba ukuya kwiimitha ezintandathu. Ukusondela kwimimandla esemazantsi, kungona nokufuma. Ngoko ke, kumazantsi Primorye ukuba ngokufuthi ebekwe kwi-90%. Phantse yonke indawo ye-East Far kwi zasehlotyeni iimvula elide. Oku, ebangela ukuba izikhukula ecwangcisiweyo, izikhukula emasimini kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. EMpuma Ekude, ndoyolula amaxesha kunye nemozulu sunny kwaye zicacile. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye zithathwa imvula okuqhubekayo iintsuku eziliqela. Olu hlobo oluvuneka kulwahlukano i-Russian Far East wahlukile ukusuka 'grey' yinxalenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya. Xa ngundoqo Far District Federal Eastern kubakho izaqhwithi siluthuli. Baya kuza bevela koozintlango bakumntla China kunye Mongolia. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-East Far ulinganiswa mhlawumbi eNkulu (ngaphandle EAO, ngasezantsi kwingingqi Amur., Primorsky kunye nakwimimandla iyavuma).

imithombo yendalo

EMpuma Ekude, ekrwada oovimba eziphathekayo inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba abe phezu iindawo eziphambili kuqoqosho Russian kwinani yezikhundla. Ngenxa yoko, i-East Far kwi akhawunti Russian kwimveliso 98% iidayimani 80% inkcenkce, izinto-90% boron ekrwada, 14% Tungsten,-50% ngegolide, 40% iimveliso zaselwandle kunye nentlanzi, 80% of iimbotyi zesoya, 7% iinkuni neselulosi 13%. Phakathi amacandelo eziphambili DFO kufuneka kuqatshelwe imigodi kunye processing metal non-ayoni, Intlama nePhepha, ukuloba, amahlathi, wokulungisa enqanaweni kunye imikhumbi.

amasebe

EMpuma Ekude, ingeniso esisiseko ukuzisa amahlathi, iintlanzi, imigodi, metal non-ayoni. Ezi mveliso akhawunti ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha zonke iimveliso zingathengiswa. Ngokwaneleyo scope processing ingqalelo. Xa ekuthumeleni ummandla ekrwada eliva ubunzima ilahleko eluhlobo ixabiso. DFO ibangela imida zothutho umgama ebalulekileyo. Bona iboniswe ngokwemigaqo ixabiso kumacandelo amaninzi kwezoqoqosho.

imithombo yezimbiwa

Xa koovimba babo Far East usesikhundleni ekhokelela kwi-Russian Federation. Xa volume, inkcenkce, boron, ifumaneka apha, kwistibhiya ngokokulandelelana-95% yenani lilonke kwezibonelelo kweli lizwe. On fluorspar akhawunti kunye mercury malunga-60% Tungsten - 24%, intsimbi, apatite, isalfure lweenkobe nelothe - 10%. In the Republic of Sakha, xa inxalenye emantla-ntshona, na iphondo diamondiferous, nje enkulu ehlabathini. Iidipozithi "Aikhal", "Uxolo", "impumelelo" ukwenza ngaphezu kwe-80% yetotali ezigciniweyo diamond eRashiya. Olungqiniweyo oovimba intsimbi ekrwada kwi kumzantsi-akhawunti Yakutia for eziibhiliyoni ezi-4. M. Oku malunga ne-80% ye-yobungakanani lwengingqi. Ebonakalayo kwezi koovimba kuMmandla Ukuzilawula yamaYuda. EMzantsi Yakutsky Lena kunye ezinamanzi needipozithi ezinkulu namalahle. awo sikhona iyavuma, Primorsky Territories, kummandla Amur. In the Republic of Sakha, ummandla Magadan na obambe ibhola kunye lode needipozithi zegolide evulekileyo iphuhliswe. iidipozithi ngolo hlobo afumaneka yaseKhabarovsk neziphaluka Primorsky. Kwezi nkalo na imigodi esinengqwalaselo Tungsten nenkcenkce ores. Lead nezinki oovimba bebekelwa kakhulu kwi Territory Primorsky. Kwi-iyavuma Territory kunye noMmandla Amur kubalaseliswe titanovorudnaya kwiPhondo. Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, kukho kwakhona kukho izimbiwa non-zalo iidipozithi. Oku, ingakumbi, iidipozithi of lekalika, fireclay, mifanekiso, isalfure, zwi isanti.

isikhundla geostrategic

DFO ibaluleke neAfrika enkulu kuba Russian Federation. Apha kukho ukufikelela iilwandlekazi ezimbini: i-Arctic kunye wePasifiki. Unikwe umyinge eliphezulu yophuhliso kummandla Asia-Pacific, ukuhlanganiswa kwi-DFO oko ethembisa kakhulu kuba ezweni labo. Umbandela olufanelekileyo ivuma Ishishini abe "ibhulorho" kummandla Asia-Pacific.

Isixeko Far East Russia: uluhlu

Kuba ezinkulu iindawo zenqila ziquka Vladivostok, iyavuma. Ezi imizi leyo Russian Far East zibalulekile kwezoqoqosho kunye geo-qhinga kakhulu kuba Russian Federation. ethembisa kakhulu Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke lonke kummandla Yakutsk. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iidolophu ezisengozini. Abaninzi kubo ise Chukotka. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwiindawo ingafikeleleki kunye neemeko zemozulu ngqwabalala.