Ukumelana nokuxhamla okufanayo: ifomula yokubala

Ngokwenza oko, akuqhelekanga ukufumana uxhathiso lwabaqhubi kunye nabaxhatshazi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhunywa. Eli nqaku lijonga indlela ukuchasana kubalwa ngayo ukudibanisa ngokufanayo kwabaqhubi kunye nezinye izinto zobugcisa.

Ukumelana nomqhubi

Bonke abaqhubi banepropati yokukhupha ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa ngumbane wombane R, ulinganiswa kwi-ohms. Le yipropati ephambili yezinto zokuqhuba.

Ukuqhuba izibalo zombane, i-resistivity isetyenziswa - ρ Ohm · m / mm ² . Zonke izinyithi zihamba kakuhle, zethusi kunye ne-aluminium zisetyenziswa kakhulu, isinyithi isetyenziswe kakhulu. Umqhubi obalaseleyo unesilivere, isetyenziswe kumashishini kagesi kunye ne-electronics. I-Alloys enexabiso eliphezulu lokuchasana lisasazwa ngokubanzi.

Xa kubalwa ukuchaswa, ifomula eyaziwa kwikhosi ye-physics isetyenziswa:

R = ρ · l / S, S ngummandla wecala-nqanaba; L ubude.

Ukuba sithatha abaqhubi ababini, ukuxhatshazwa kwabo kudibaniso olufanayo kuya kuba ngaphantsi ngenxa yokunyuka kwinqanaba elipheleleyo lomda.

Ukuxinwa kwamanje kunye nokufudumala komqhubi

Ukubala kweendlela zokusebenza zabaqhubi, ingqiqo yokuxininisa kwamanje - δ A / mm ^{2 isetyenziswe} , ibalwa ngolu hlobo:

Δ = I / S, I-yangoku, icandelo le-S.

Okwangoku, idlula umqhubi, uyayitshisa. Umkhulu δ, ukufudumala umqhubi. Imilinganiselo yocingo kunye neeteksi yokuxinwa okuvumelekileyo kuphuhlisiwe, ezinikezwa kwi- PUE (Imigaqo yeCandelo leZiko loMbane). Kubaqhubi beekhompyutha zokushushumbisa, kukho imigangatho yoxinzelelo lwangoku.

Ukuba ubuninzi be-δ buphezulu kunexabiso elivumelekileyo, umqhubi angaphula, umzekelo, ukuba ikhebula litshiswa, ukutshitshiswa kwonakaliswa.

Imithetho ilawula ukubala kwabaqhubi ukuba bafudume.

Iindlela zokudibana nabaqhubi

Naliphi na umqhubi olungele ngakumbi ukubonisa kwiisekethe njengendlela yokumelana nombane R, ngoko kulula ukufunda nokuhlalutya. Kukho iindlela ezintathu kuphela zokudibanisa ukuxhatshazwa. Indlela yokuqala yinto elula kakhulu - uxhulumaniso lwee serial.

Ifoto ibonisa ukuba impedance: R = R ₁ + R ₂ + R ₃ .

Indlela yesibini iyinkimbinkimbi - uxhumano olufanayo. Ukubalwa kokumelana nokuxhamla okufanayo kufakwe kwizigaba. I-conducting total G = 1 / R ibalwa, kwaye imedance R = 1 / G.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukukwenza ngokuhlukileyo, kuqala ubale ukuxhatshazwa ngokukodwa kokuxhatshazwa kwe- R1 neR2, uze uphinde uphinde ufumane uR.

Indlela yesithathu yoxhumano yinkqubo enzima kakhulu - uxhulumaniso oluxubileyo, oko kukuthi, zonke iindidi ziqwalaselwa. Umzobo uboniswa kwisithombe.

Ukubala le siphaluka, kufuneka kube lula ngokunyusa abaxhatshazi R2 no-R3 ngeR2.3. Kuvela isicwangciso esilula.

Ngoku unako ukubala ukuxhatshazwa koxhumo olufanayo, umgaqo ofanayo obonakala ngathi:

R2.3.4 = R2.3 · R4 / (R2.3 + R4).

Isiphaluka iba yinto elula, kuyo kukho abaxhatshazi abanokuxhunywa kwe serial. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, indlela efanayo yokuguqulwa isetyenziswa.

Iintlobo zabaqhubi

Kwi-elektronikhi, kwimveliso yeebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo, abaqhubi banamacwecwe amacwecwe obhedu. Ngenxa yobude babo obufutshane, ukuxhatshazwa akubalulekiyo, banokuthi banganyanzelwanga kwiimeko ezininzi. Kuba baqhubi, ukuxhatshazwa kwintsebenziswano efanayo kuyancipha ngenxa yokwanda kwecandelo eliphambili.

Icandelo elikhulu labaqhubi limelela iingcingo ezinamandla. Ziveliswa ngeeramitha ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwi-0.02 ukuya kuma-5.6mimitha. Ukufumana iinguqu ezinamandla kunye neenjini zombane, iibhadu zethusi zecandelo eliphambano lombhoxo ziyaveliswa. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngexesha lokulungiswa, i-wire enkulu yamaninzi ithatyathwa ngamaninzi amancinci amancinane.

Icandelo elikhethekileyo labaqhubi ngabacingo kunye nezixhobo, i-shishini linikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zeemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha enye intambo ngeendidi eziliqela, ezincinane. Izizathu zezi zinto zihluke kakhulu, umzekelo, ikhebula elinesigqeba esingama-240 mm ² kunzima ukubeka ecaleni kwendlela kunye neentsimbi eziphezulu. Kufakwa endaweni ye-2 × 120 mm ² , Yaye ingxaki ixazululwe.

Ukubalwa kwezintambo zokutshisa

Umqhubi uyashukunyiswa yinto ekhoyo ekhoyo, ukuba ubushushu bayo bugqithise ngaphezu kwexabiso elivumelekileyo, ngoko ukutshitshiswa kwempahla kuyaphula. I-PUE inikezela ukuba kubalwe abaqhubi ukufudumeza, idatha yokuqala yile yamandla okwangoku kunye neemeko zemo engqongileyo apho umqhubi ubeka khona. Ngokutsho kwezi nkcukacha, icandelo eliphambili le- conductor (ucingo okanye ikhebula) likhethwe kwiilafile kwi-PUE.

Ngokwenza oko, kukho imeko apho umthwalo kwikhebula lokusebenza uye wandisa kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphuma - ukubuyisela ikhebula ngolunye, libiza, okanye lifana nayo, wabeka elinye ukukhupha ikhebula eliphambili. Kule meko, ukuxhatshazwa komqhubi kunciphisa ukuxhamla okufanayo, ngoko ukukhululwa kwentuthuko kuyawa.

Ukuze ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo icandelo lesiphambano sekhebula lesibini, sebenzisa ietafile ze-PUE, kubalulekile ukuba ungenzi iphutha ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwalo kwangoku. Kule meko, iintambo zokupholisa ziya kuba ngcono kunezona. Kunconywa ukubala ukuxhatshazwa xa udibanisa iimbambo ezimbini ngokufanayo, ukwenzela ukuba uchane ngokuchanekileyo ukukhutshwa kwazo.

Ukubalwa kwabaqhubi bokulahleka kwamandla

Xa umboleki R _{n uhlala} kumgama omkhulu L ukusuka kumthombo wamandla u- ₁ , ukuwa kwexabiso elikhulu kunokuba kuqhutywe kwii-wire lines. Umsebenzisi-mboleki R _n , i-voltage U ₂ iyancinci kakhulu kune-voltage yokuqala U- ₁ . Ngokwenza oko, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane, ezixhunywe kumgca ngokufanayo, zisebenza njengomthwalo.

Ukuxazulula ingxaki, ukunyanzelwa kubalwa ngokuxhuma okufanayo kwazo zonke izixhobo, ngokunjalo ukuxhathisa umthwalo R _n . Emva koko, misela ukuxhatshazwa kwee-wire lines.

R _l = ρ · 2L / S,

Apha S isigaba se-wire line, mm ² .

Emva koko umgca kumgca uzimisele: I = U ₁ / (R _l + R _n ). Ngoku, ukwazi okwangoku, misela ukutshaya kwamandla kwiinkambo zomgca: U = I · R _l . Kukulungele ukufumana njengepesenti ye-U ₁ .

U% = (I · R _l / U ₁ ) · 100%

Ixabiso elinconywayo le-U% alikho ngaphezu kwe-15%. Ezi zibalo zingentla zisebenza nakowuphina uhlobo lwangoku.