Strelets ngamatutu Peter I. Yintoni eyahlula strelets amabutho umkhosi rhoqo

Strelets umkhosi, ukuba ukusungulwa kwalo enxulumene 1550, ekuqaleni ibe ngabantu amawaka amathathu. Bonke bephela zigcinwa "imiyalelo 'ngamnye 500 ngamnye kwaye labalindi lobuqu Ivana Groznogo.

History of indalo

igama Old lenqaba "Sagittarius" libhekisela ngumtoli, enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo wemikhosi ephakathi. Kamva eRashiya zaba ngokuba abameli imikhosi lokuqala rhoqo. Strelets amajoni indawo wamajoni-Pishalnikov. Babephantsi "imiyalelo" kartel abantwana.

UBamcubunga yaya zokuhlala ipoma. Kwagqitywa lomvuzo engange-4 ngonyaka ngamnye. ngcembe Strelets umkhosi waqalisa ukwenza abasisigxina ikampu eMoscow.

Ubhaptizo yokuqala lomlilo njenge umkhosi rhoqo

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela strelets yomkhosi wakhe ufumene ubhaptizo yayo lomlilo. Sihlanganisana 1552 okulwa ukufaka Kazan, Ivan IV emkhosini rhoqo yaye oku kwakuquka novoorganizovannoe yunithi. Kwimbali nasekuxinweni, aphume kwe strelets isixeko umkhosi badlale indima ebalulekileyo. Oku ikakhulu negalelo kwimpumelelo iphulo loloyiso le Kazan Khanate.

Tsar Ivan IV, ukuze bayiqonde abatoli zabo, baqala ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza inani labo. Yaye 60s kwenkulungwane ye-16 kwakukho malunga 8000 aba. Ekupheleni kwale 80s, sele phantsi ebukumkanini ezihlangwini Ivan IV, Fedora Ioannovicha, - ngaphezu kwe-12 amawaka. Kwangaxeshanye, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha - 7000 abatoli - wayehlala ngokusisigxina e Moscow, kwaye abanye - nakwezinye izixeko, apho kwenziwe ikakhulu kukhoyo ikampu okanye inkonzo yamapolisa.

Yintoni na strelets umkhosi

babebizwa njalo-2000 musketeers Moscow "ngifuna" okunene dragoons kunye nomkhosi lawela ngamahashe. Yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-rati Moscow ngasekupheleni 16 ngenkulungwane ye-17. Phantse namnye amaphulo ezinkulu, kubandakanywa iphulo ngexesha Livonian beMfazwe, nokubengezela le alingenele le Moscow iCrimea AmaTatar akazange enze ngaphandle kwabo.

Noko ke, kuba sonke ukubaluleka kufuneka zazi le yunithi. Strelets umkhosi wadalwa zokususa okanye indawo mabutho Local. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. Nangona isibakala sokuba eli Umbutho kakhulu ungamandla ukuloyisa. Kunjalo, bexhobile kade badubula pischal (wicking umpu zalishumi 8 kg, bodidi-22 mm kunye noluhlu m ukuya kwi-200), streltsi na Babenethuba kakhulu impumelelo. Kwakufuneka ukufihla ubukho, ngenxa leyo bakwazi ukubetha utshaba ngaphandle esichengeni loxhoba lokubulawa ngexesha uyazihlaziya izixhobo zakhe konogumbe.

ukwehluleka

EYurophu, apho ukutya nazo bexhobe efanayo cover ngenxa abatoli baqalisa pikemen, kodwa ke emathafeni Russian, baba engento. Ngenxa yoko strelets umkhosi le njongo ukusebenzisa Imihlubulo zendalo ngengingqi, amahlathi kunye nooAshera. Ukufihla emva kwabo, kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba ukubala ngokongeza ngumfanekiso oluyimpumelelo ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Njengoko Kwathi, umzekelo, ngo-1555, unyaka kweli dabi Sudbischami apho strelets umkhosi woyiswa yi Krymchaks, obufihlwe oki nokukhusela de kwangokuhlwa xa Khan, esoyika ukufika imikhosi ezintsha Russian akazange Ayi.

Yintoni ke umkhosi umahluko strelets evela umkhosi rhoqo

Kakhulu "imiyalelo 'ngempumelelo ngakumbi nenze nasekuziphenduleleni kwam kunye singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba. Ngapha koko, kwafuneka ixesha ukuhlela ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko - ukhenketho, imisele okanye ucingo. Ngoko ke, ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba, xa kuyilwa iqumrhu musketeers Ivan Grozny kunye nabacebisi bakhe bazama ukuqhelana ngempumelelo amava yaseYurophu nokudala nomkhosi rhoqo zokwenene Russian. Abazange ungaveli khuphela i "phesheya 'ukusekwa emkhosini, baxhobe iintlobo ezimbini ezizodwa elihamba, kwaye kuphela ukuba omnye kuphela, kodwa sisebenzayo kwiimeko ezithile eRashiya.

Imfundo Strelets imikhosi ekunokuthiwa impendulo Russian emkhosini kwiingcamango ngelixa sisenyusa ukusebenza manual umlilo iingalo. Obekumele ukuba esetyenziswa ukuncedisana ne-mabutho lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo yambethe becala yokujula nezixhobo melee. Nangona kunjalo, indawo lwiimi ziveleleyo Russian rhoqo umkhosi Musketeers umkhosi nako ukuthatha omnye. Kuba oku kuya kufuneka ukuba ezahlukeneyo, hayi kuphela izixhobo kunye maqhinga, kodwa utshaba. De oko kwenzeke, lo mkhosi wahlala yingxenye ebalulekile kwaye kuyimfuneko, nangona ezingephi kwenkulungwane ye-16 umkhosi Russian.

Oku kubonakala kwaye ubunzima ethile bamaxhoba kulo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesithandathu, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, inani lamajoni umkhosi Russian zazisuka kubantu 75 ukuya 110 lamawaka. Nangona strelets kwakukhona amajoni malunga 12,000, ngoxa bonke babe nako ukuthatha inxaxheba ephambili kule kuhambo olude okanye amaphulo. Noko ke, inyathelo esisiseko malunga nokudala eRashiya luhlobo olutsha yomkhosi sele ethathiwe.

Strelets amabutho Peter

Umkhosi rhoqo uPetros, yaququzelelwa imodeli waseJamani, waba kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi. inkonzo Military lokubhatala imivuzo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuba baba ngabafo inkonzo efunekayo. Kuba abantu abaqhelekileyo wathi emkhosini.

In Streltsi amajoni umkhosi efanayo ngenxa yenkonzo yabo inkululeko izabelo. Abaninzi kubo bahlala neentsapho zabo kwiSithili Musketeers kwiindawo zokuhlala eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukuphumeza imisebenzi zomkhosi ngexesha kutyalwe okanye kuvunwe: abatoli wala.

Ngu strelets Ivanom Groznym umkhosi kunye ezishelifini Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich "umyalelo omtsha" sithe nqanaba obalulekileyo kwimbali yomkhosi rhoqo. Kodwa okoko nje ezi umkhosi ehlalisana ngaxeshanye, azikwazi ukuba umkhosi emanyeneyo. Warriors ebengazipholeli emkhosini. Ngaphezu koko, nkqu komele le "umyalelo omtsha" emva kokuphela impi kwafuneka ukunyibilika, aze angenise, ngokuyimfuneko ubiza ukuba abalimi bangaqeqeshwanga.

ekupheleni buhlungu

Emva kwephulo Azov * uKhesare uPetros I wayeqinisekile ukuba yebutho ilifa, oko ngokuphelele ngeke ezifanelekileyo iinjongo zomkhosi nezopolitiko entsonkothileyo ukuba uzibekele. Ngoko ke, eli candelo ibalulekileyo yotshintsho yelo xesha lenguqulelo olukhulu lobume wamajoni sikarhulumente. Yaye ngaphezu kwako konke, yaba kukudala umkhosi rhoqo, eyayisekelwe kwinkqubo ekufumaneni yahluke ngokupheleleyo ukusuka siseko ukuyilwa Strelets amajoni.

Kunjalo, Pishalnikov Basil III kunye abatoli Ivan IV kwavula yiya ngqo amajoni regiments akwa uMikhail Fedorovich kunye Alexei Mikhailovich. Kwaye kakade phezu kwabo - ngqo fuzeleram uPetros.

Emva nje kokuba evukelwe ngo-1699 uPeter Omkhulu wayalela ukuba ziye strelets umkhosi, eshiya abanye ukuba babe emaphethelweni Russia.