Temple blachernitissa Mother Ezingcwele Kuzminki (eMoscow)

Intsapho Stroganov abathengisi nabalimi belizwe kanye elula Pomor, 1716 yajika anzima kakhulu. Yintlekisa, yagqitywa ukwakhiwa ibandla, zakhiwe ngokukodwa ngenxa icon, kanye bakhalaza kuye sokuzimisela yi-Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich! Yiyo le icon ye Our Lady of Blachernae, wamnika igama layo ibandla, apho waqhubeka ukusukela, kwaye ilali, eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba Vlakhernskoe.

Ngemvelaphi icon

Igama icon uvela igama laloo inxalenye eConstantinople, abalunikelwayo kwakanye itempile kule yonqulo. kwaba phantsi begxeka yakhe kuphela eConstantinople, kodwa yonke waseByzantium. Zemihla xesha kubuxela indlela, kunyaka 626 yi imithandazo, wenyuka phambi icon, uMama oyiNgcwele kaThixo wasindisa isixeko ukumelana zabahlaseli. Emva kweenkulungwane ezininzi, sele eRashiya, amandla akhe angummangaliso ziza kubonakaliswa ngexesha sotyatyazo bhubhane ngo-1830. Uye waqhubeka bonke abemi Kuzminok apho wayekhona, yaye bonke abemi kwiilali ezingqonge sesi sifo soyikekayo.

lo icon wawungaqhelekanga. indalo yayo yayanyaniswa umvangeli uLuka, owayephila ngexesha yaye omnye wabapostile bakaYesu Kristu. Le icon yenziwa ngo isiqabu kunye nobugcisa voskomastiki ekhethekileyo. Mbonise ukuba kukuba amafutha lifakiwe esele razmelchonnye yabangcwele. Umfanekiso abunjwe ngale ndlela kuthiwa i reliquary.

Inkangeleko i icon kwi Russia

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwinkulungwane V Kwathi eConstantinople, ke ngoko elikomkhulu ngamaKrestu ehlabathini, yaye ukusuka apho - oyiNgcwele iNtaba iAthos. Ngowe-1654, lendela Athonite Balizisa eMoscow wasondeza umlawuli bahanahanisi Alexis, yena, naye, unikwe ingcwele Stroganov. Kuba icon kunye nebandla oqingqiweyo ka Our Lady of Blachernae lakhiwa.

Kodwa ibandla inqabile ngamaplanga luwela ubomi obude. Le ibandla wema elinesithandathu kuphela kwaye utshiswe ngomlilo, kodwa ukuthanda kukaThixo ukuphiliswa icon anqabileyo. Kulo nyaka, akuba wacela intsikelelo zikabhishophu olawulayo, waqala ukwakha icawa entsha, nayo iinkuni, kodwa elinde ukuba bebonke isiphelo sinye njengoko owokuqala. Ngowe-1758 ngenxa yokuba 'umlilo eyaphukileyo-wayediniwe, "wafa. Kodwa ke eli xesha yengcwele yakhe emlilweni wenziwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ibandla ngamatye

Ngexesha welifa umlilo Stroganoff usapho Kuzminki ocande ilifa yentsapho Count Golitsyn. Inzala i-Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, baye kangangeenkulungwane waba undoqo urhulumente. Lo nyaka iminyaka engamakhulu amathandathu ukususela baqala ubulungiseleli babo.

Emva konyaka, kwaye kwaqalisa ukwakhiwa zebandla ilitye kule ndawo zimi kuyo ibandla atshiswe. Yenza iprojekthi kunye nokugcina isebenza Earl wathuma womzobi IP Zherebtsov, wanyulwa benza kuphuhliswa kunye kuvuselelwa yonke into njengelifa. Wangena imbali izakhiwo, njengommeli lwe yobuciko. Ngaphezu koko, igama lakhe inxulunyaniswa umgaqo, elibizwa classicism eMoscow ekuqaleni. Iminyaka emininzi kweliso wonke umsebenzi wokwakha kwi kwilifa.

kobuchule bobugcisa ibandla elitsha

Ilitye lesiseko yeprojekthi yetempile zamahashe wabeka zemveli Sonto Russian tetrahedral asezantsi inxalenye yesakhiwo, yaye esiba igubu phezulu libe. Ngoko ke bakha iicawa ezininzi Orthodox Russian. yeplanga libe intsimbi ithawa yakhiwe kufutshane. Zonke umhombiso icawa yenziwa yobuciko. Ngowe-1762, umsebenzi wokwakha yagqitywa yonke, kodwa ekugqibeleni babuyela kule iminyaka elishumi.

Kuzminki estate yaba ikratshi Bala Golitsyn, kunye nokuphuculwa kwayo, abazange imali anayo. Ngowe-1784 baye bacelwa ukuba le Moscow wezakhiwo odumileyo RR Kazakov, umfundi edume V. I. Bazhenova, owayesebenza naye iprojekthi ye-Big yesicelo Palace. Waqala kuvuselelwa etempileni, ngokweemfuno bobugcisa ixesha.

ngokutsha kwetempile

R. P. Kazakov watshintsha isicwangciso tetrahedral eziphambili zokwakha setyhula, senziwa ngendlela igubu, kunye overbuilt isahluko top. Kumacala omane kwesakhiwo baba zokungena kunye amanyathelo zokuhombisa kunye ezaziyiyo iiveranda. Kugcwalisa jikelele ukwakheka kwibhanka intsimbi ilitye inqaba. Ngoko ke blachernitissa itempile Mother oyiNgcwele e Kuzminki wazuza lichaza eziqhelekileyo.

Ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812, itempile unenzondelelo intshabalalo enkulu. Baye yabiwa izinto ze ipleyiti icawa kunye icon. Kwakukho izingqino ezithetha Kwiimeko ezininzi ezingcwele obenziwe amajoni isiFrentshi. Xa isimemo ye Golitsyn umsebenzi wakhe ukubuyiselwa labazobi kakhulu. Ngowe-1819 waba bamiselwa indlwana ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo yaseSt Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi etempileni lweminyaka nje embalwa. Ayephila wabhala iconostasis emarmore enkulu kulo mda. Ngaphezu kusebenza abaqingqi best lizwe. Siye samenywa ukuba iinkosi odumileyo phambene.

Kukho ubungqina kakhulu ukuba blachernitissa itempile Mother oyiNgcwele e Kuzminki rhoqo phambi kwabantu yentsapho sigqibo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1828, uKumkanikazi Maria Fedorovna wanikela ukuhombisa iimpawu brooch elinqabileyo, neyeeperile kunye nedayimani. Ngowe-1858 itempile watyelelwa koMlawuli Alexander II. Ukongeza, ilifa Kuzminki wabona abanye abameli ezininzi zeNdlu Romanov. Ukususela ngo 1859 itempile ingcwaba usapho Golitsyn. Kwiminyaka yokuqala kwenkulungwane XX ke kwakhona, ndayingcwalisa.

Bayahlelwa ibandla emva revolution

Emva kokuba revolution le blachernitissa ibandla Mother oyiNgcwele e Kuzminki ekwabelwana ziyahlelwa iindawo ezininzi zonqulo eRashiya. Ngokoqobo kwiminyaka yokuqala abameli amagunya yokungabi bababamba zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nezinto plate ecaweni. Xa itempile ekugqibeleni ivaliwe, i icon ezingummangaliso wafuduselwa kwiCawa Dormition e Vishniac, yaye xa wayeka ukusebenza, lo icon yadluliselwa Tretyakov Gallery, imali leyo igcinwe kule mini. Ngowe-1929, elo uThixo amajukujuku sachithwa, kunye nesakhiwo yaphinda yakhiwa ngaphaya ingqalelo, iyenza ibe likhaya iholide. Ukutyhubela lonke ixesha eSoviet kuyo egcinwe kwizakhiwo zoshishino, kwaye kwisitishana sombane, kunye namagumbi okufundela. iindonga beqabe Ngokupheleleyo kunye nezinto nokuhombisa sistucco yatshabalala. Buhlungu intliziyo iphuphuma xa ubona imifanekiso zetempile ngaloo minyaka.

ukuzalwa

Kwiminyaka elandelayo ngokutsha, iicawa ezininzi Orthodox Russian zabuyiselwa ukuba amakholwa. Ithuba ingqiqo zembali. Kwafuneka ukuba ndibuye ndiphilise oko kumashumi kalukhuni batshatyalaliswe. A uncedo olukhulu kule, kwaye amagunya karhulumente ezahlukeneyo imibutho karhulumente kweli lizwe. Restorers beza kungena etempileni blachernitissa Mother Ungcwele Kuzminki. Yena ikuluhlu kuluhlu bezinto ekufuneka ibuyiselwe kuqala. Yena livelela umsebenzi wezakhiwo EA Vorontsova. Iminyaka emithathu abakhi kunye restorers babuyela ibandla ngayo kuqala. Ngowe-1995 waba angcwalisiweyo, kwakunye iicawa ezininzi Orthodox Russian.

Ubomi ibandla namhlanje

Namhlanje, itempile iziko inkulu enkolo nenkcubeko. Xa likwaqhuba isikolo seCawe kwisikolo catechesis abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Ukongeza, kukho ilayibrari, ucango luvuleleke kumntu wonke. Xa isakhiwo eyahlukileyo lixhotyiswe ngefonti lokubhaptiza for abadala. Kanye iicawa ezininzi zeCawa yobuOthodoki, waba yindawo apho bonke bafumane ulwazi malunga iziseko Orthodox, iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi, engenawo ivaliwe kwiinginginya.