Ubangelwa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi

Amazwe yokuqala ababandakanyekayo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, waba Serbia kunye Austria-iHungary. Iziganeko ezikhokelela ukuya ekuqaleni impixano, kwaba kokubulawa iTshawe Franz Ferdinand Austria. Emva koko, urhulumente Austria-Hungary ixesha elide wakhokela thethwano yintoni impendulo ukuba bathathe eSerbia. Ukongeza, icala waseOstriya yayimkhathaza ukwandiswa kummandla Serbian ngethuba ka 1912-1913. ngenxa yeemfazwe Balkan, kunye nokoyikiswa kwabavela South nokuxubana. Enye ingongoma abanike ukuphumla; nokuba Russia wayeza ujike ne eSerbia. Ukuthintela oku, kwakudingeka ukuba acele inkxaso eJamani. Kuba yokugqibela Austria-Hungary yaba ally kuphela, ngoko ke kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi kusala kwimeko enzima.

Ngowe-1913, eRashiya akakwazanga ukuxhasa Serbia, olwalufuna uncedo lwakhe ukugcina imeko ngumoya eAdriya, yaye ngowe-1914, ngaphandle ufake izinga ezilindelekileyo, eRashiya sendide buthathaka impembelelo yayo kwiiBalkans.

Oonobangela kunye nohlobo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi baba kwimeko ixesha ngamazwe. Germany wayesazi ukuba impi lokulwa. Unknown kungenzeka kuphela. Ngapha koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo, ngoxa iRussia sele idlule re, eFransi - lenguqulelo wamajoni, kwaye utyikitye isivumelwano elinemali lwaselwandle phakathi kweBritani naseRashiya. Ngoko ke, icala waseJamani ekufuneka kuthathwa ukuqala amanyathelo zomkhosi njengoko kuphela indlela yokuphumeza ukubusa umhlaba.

Isizathu yaba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye neengalo uhlanga, apho onke amagunya eziphambili inxaxheba. Akukho wesizwe ningothuswa yindlu yobukumkani ngokuqina wamajoni abanye, ngoko oku ayikwazi kuthathwa njenge yomali. Ilizwe wafuna ukwandisa imveliso yayo iingalo hayi ngokwenene bangcangcazele abachasi program emkhosini. Kubonakala ngathi Britain kwafuneka siphumele phambi kwamandla waselwandle waseJamani, kodwa yena wafuna ukomeleza impembelelo yabo kwaye bafumane ubukhulu ulwandle nanini na iindleko.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1914, oonobangela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I babengabafundi kakhulu, bona kumisa uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ekuqondeni ukuba amanyathelo yasemkhosini akunakuphepheka. France ngenxa ka 1870 imfazwe wahlala aneliseke kunye nokulahlekelwa yemihlaba Alsace kunye Lorraine, eJamani, phezu koko, wayanelisekile kunye nesikhundla sakhe, eziva ukongama yomkhosi phezu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ukongeza, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX yabalasela nokuqonda imfuneko inkululeko yesizwe aliqela amazwe babangela usongo ubukho obuqhubekekayo Ottoman kunye Habsburg lweekumkani kunye, ngenxa yoko, kwakhokelela kozinzo kwinkqubo ngamazwe.

Oonobangela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ngokutsho abalandeli ingcamango abangabaxhasi bakaMarx, babeza zengqondo zingavisisani phakathi Junkers kunye mhlaba Russian. Besithi kakhulu uluhlu olude kwezinye zinto zifuneka kuqala; nomzabalazo zentsimbi kunye namalahle, iziporo, amacandelo zempembelelo, amakoloni, ukuphikisana yesizwe. Akukho indima ebaluleke kangako kunye nendima ubuntu kwimbali. Umzekelo, uMongameli French Anri Puankare wachitha ebuntwaneni kummandla Lorraine, leyo ilawulwa yiJamani. Oku ayikwazanga kodwa kuchaphazela iziganeko zembali.

Oonobangela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I nangoku zilalele ezi ngongoma zilandelayo. ERussia ebukumkanini uNicholas II waba nobunzima ezihambayo impahla ngokusebenzisa i Bosporus kunye iDardanelles, kangangokuba ubunzima umonakalo emikhulu. Lifuna ukuba akhulule walivala kunye wawelela kuLwandle Black, njengoko kumazwe engundoqo okuziinkozo wacanda eConstantinople. Ngo-1904, phakathi Russia, France wadala imanyano ebizwa ngokuba Triple Entente. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, iRussia yasayina isivumelwano neBritani kwi ukwahlulwa-iinkalo yempembelelo kumazwe afana Afghanistan, iPersi eTibet. Ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano phakathi Amanyeneyo ngo-1907 ayikwazanga ingqalelo njengeyunithi wamajoni, ongayi kuba wathi Triple Alliance. Le status Entente zifumaneka kuphela ngo-1914 emva kokuba wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano amathathu phakathi Russia, iBritani neFransi, ukuba ukuzirhoxisa isinyanzelo ukugqiba rhula eyahlukileyo neentshaba.

Ezi unobangela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, eyaqala July 28, 1914.