Nuremberg Ukulingwa

I-International Military Tribunal yasekwa phantsi kwesiVumelwano London (1945, ngoAgasti 8), ekwavunyelwana ngaso USSR, France, eBritani, eUnited States. Wabumba inkundla ukuba etshutshisa ohlwaye abo banoxanduva zolwaphulo imfazwe abazenzayo ngexesha yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi ka-1939-1945.

Initiative sokubamba ngamazwe trial kuqala wavakalisa urhulumente USSR. Kodwa ukuxhasa ihlabathi urhulumente waseSoviet akazange tye. Ngokukodwa, urhulumente baseBritane ivakalise ukunganeliseki kunye isindululo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uloyiso iphumelele amajoni yiSoviet kwi iimfazwe Kursk, phezu iVolga, ndiyasaphula kokurhangqwa eLeningrad, kwakunye ukugxothwa abahlaseli ukusuka indawo enkulu urhulumente waseSoviet kunye nesiqalo imisebenzi esebenzayo ucelomngeni encedisayo eItali nakuMntla Afrika, ngokupheleleyo ukuba itshintshe imisebenzi zomkhosi. Ngelo xesha, isiphumo imfazwe yayisele ngokucacileyo. Ukongeza, webutho umfelandawonye eSoviet Union, iBritani, iMelika kunye namanye amazwe ndomelezeka. Konke oku kuye usinike liphulo kwenkxaso Russian ngamazwe. Ngenxa yoko, isindululo sokubamba kwetyala yezizwe naqiniswa Moscow Declaration.

Ingcamango isohlwayo-mthetho imfazwe yokuqala zonke izinto anti-uHitler angalawuliyo inkxaso Franklin Roosevelt (umongameli Melika) ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 1942. Ngasemthonjeni ka-1943 eSoviet Union inkxaso inyathelo yoRhulumente eNgilani. Noko ke, Churchill (British Prime Minister) kwingxoxo le Moscow Declaration ezidluliswa adubule nje yonke izikrelemnqa imfazwe abayi kusaphandwa.

Nuremberg Izilingo waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1945, 20 Novemba. Phambi kokuba iNkundla phantse yonke Fumaka elite eJamani. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho mveliso, ehamba abezopolitiko lwamaNazi, ideologists, oonozakuzaku, iinkokeli zomkhosi. Bonke wabekwa zolwaphulo-nkqubo Hitler ebudeni bolawulo lwamaNazi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izibonelelo ze-Izilingo Nuremberg zenziwa USSR karhulumente kusekho nyaka v1943, entwasahlobo. Kuzo zonke izizwe zehlabathi ukhuphe iinkcukacha kunye namaxwebhu malunga inkohlakalo ngamaNazi nxamnye abemi zoxolo eSoviet wagxothelwa eJamani.

Abamangalelwa ezidweliswe kwi kwinkundla ngamazwe kwakukho Fritsch, Neurath, Speer, von Papen, Bormann, Iodul, Sauckel, Schirach, Raeder, Halbach, Schacht, Funk, Streicher, Frick, Doenitz, uFrank, Rosenberg, Ribbentrop, Ley, Hess, Goering nabanye .

Inkqubo Nuremberg yakhiwa kwindibaniselwano lwemithetho yenkqubo kunye imiyalelo zonke States amelwe kuyo. Izigqibo zenziwa yi inkqubo yevoti.

Nuremberg Izilingo yaphela isibhengezo sigwebo ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1946. Isigqibo esithathwe ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yomthetho ngamazwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iingxoxo zamaqela. Isigwebo ibonisa indlela mthetho kuzo zonke ulawulo lwamaNazi eyayikho kwiminyaka mhlophe elinambini.

Tribunal International igwebe Bormann (in engekho), Seyss-Inquart, Jodl, Sauckel, Streicher, Frick, uFrank, Rosenberg Kaltebrunnera, Keitel, Ribbentrop kwaye ihlaba ukufa ngokuxhonywa.

Raeder wafumana ubomi entolongweni, Hess kunye Funk.

Iminyaka elishumi entolongweni, wagwetywa Doenitz, a elinesihlanu - Neurath, ukuya mabini - Speer kunye Schirach.

Ezintathu phambili (Schacht kunye Papen kunye Fritzsche). Ukuzibulala (waxhonywa) Leigh nje phambi kwetyala, usomashishini Krupa waqonda egulela ukufa wadamba ngakumbi iinkqubo zeli tyala.

Nuremberg Izilingo ibhengeze olunzima kakhulu ulwaphulo ngamazwe uchuku. Enkundleni, amagosa karhulumente wabonakala njengabangcatshi. Bonke bephela babenetyala yokulungiselela, yolwaluko, ukuziphatha imfazwe ndlongondlongo. Inkundla kohlwaywa abaququzeleli kunye belifa zesicwangciso ngokungenabuntu ngqo nxamnye wonke umphakathi.