Ukulahleka kwe-US eVietnam: ngonyaka

Ukulahleka kwe-US eVietnam kwakungaphezulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Eli phulo liye lavela ekubeni libhubhiso kubantu baseMerika. Ngaphambi nangaphambi kwayo, i-US ayilahlekanga abantu abaninzi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Masikhumbule izizathu zolu ngquzulwano, kunye nekhosi yokusebenza. Asiyi kuthetha kuphela ukulahlekelwa kwe-United States eVietnam, kodwa kunye nokulahlekelwa kwelinye iqela, kunye nabahlali bendawo ababaxhoba kule mpi.

Iimbangela zemfazwe

Imfazwe yadibaniswa nokuhlulwa kwehlabathi emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ibe yinkqubo ezimbini: i-capitalist kunye nentlalo-ntsapho. Imfazwe yaseKorea yaphela, yahlula ilizwe elihlangeneyo linye kwiinkampu ezimbini. KwakuyiVietnam. Ngama-1954, sele idibene ngokulandelana kwe-17 kunye neNyakatho (intlalo-ntlalo) kunye ne-Southern (capitalist phantsi kolawulo lwesiFrentshi). Umntla uyahlaselwa ngokuxhaswa yi-PRC kunye ne-USSR, ezama ukudala urhulumente omnye phantsi kweflegi yayo. Umbuzo wokudibanisa wawungumcimbi wexesha kuphela. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uMzantsi, akazange afune ukunyamezela le meko yeendaba, kwaye i-capitalist ithi, eqhutywa yi-United States, ayizange ihlose ukunika enye ibhanti yenkampu yentlalo.

Ngexesha

Umthonyama waseMerika uphatha kakubi ukulahlekelwa ngamajoni akhe kuzo zonke iimfazwe. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuqala kweyiphi na imfazwe, ipropaganda yolwazi olubi lwenziwa. Ukuqalisa imisebenzi, kufuneka isiganeko esilungile, esinokusetyenziswa njengesizathu sokungabikho nto. Zaba ngumcimbi eTokyo Bay ngo-Agasti 2, 1964. Umbhubhisi we-US Navy "iMaddox" waya kumda weNorthern Vietnam waza wahlaselwa. Kwaye ngo-Agasti 5, 1964, amaMerika aqala ukuqhuma ibhomu. Esi siganeko sisenza imibuzo eninzi:

1. Kutheni utshabalalise umonakalisi kummandla woluntu onobundlobongela? Ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, ama-America ahlasele iqela labaqeqeshi eMzantsi. Umntla wawubhekile utshaba.
2. Iimeko zokufa kwekhefu azigqitywanga ekugqibeleni. Kukho ingqungquthela yokuba iV Vietcong ayikwazi ukutshabalalisa le nqanawa.
3. Ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Iintsuku ezintathu kuphela zidlule phakathi kokutshatyalaliswa kombhubhisi kunye nokuqala kokuhlaselwa. Ngenxa yoko, umkhosi wawusele uqaphela ukuphela kokucatshiswa.

Qala

Yonke imikhosi yaseNyakatho yayibumbene enhlanganweni "Vietcong". Ngenxa yoko igama elithi "Vietcong", elilingana negama elithi "amaKomanisi" kumazwe aseNtshona.

Ngo-1961, i-US ithumela abaqeqeshi bayo kunye nabasemkhosini kuloo ndawo. Ukulahlekelwa kokuqala kwe-USA eVietnam kubonakala. Nangona kunjalo, iMelika ayizange isebenze ngokusemgangathweni. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuye kwaba kukuqeqeshwa kwabasemzantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ubuholi base-United States bayiqonda ukuba imikhosi yaseViet Congress, ngenkxaso yenkampu yezenhlalakahle, ayifani.

Ngowe-1963, iNyakatho kwi-Battle of Apbaque yabhubhisa phantse yonke ibutho lasezantsi. I-Partisan-Vietcong sele ibalwe ngabantu abayi-8 000 kwintsimi yintshaba. Ngowe-1964, i-US ithumela abantu abaninzi abayi-25,000. Ngaphambi koko kwakukho iingcali eziyi-800 kunye nabaphengululi. Imfazwe yempi yayingenakupheka.

"Intsholo Yokuvutha"

Ngo-1965, izikhundla zemikhosi yaseMerika zahlaselwa . Kwakukho ilahleko kwi-US eVietnam kubantu nakwi teknoloji. UMongameli uJohnson wamemezela ukuqala koSebenzi "I-Spear Flaming". Injongo yalo yayikukuhlasela iimoya zaseV Vietcong. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kube negalelo elikhethekileyo.

Ingenelelo epheleleyo, ukusebenza kweThunder Rumble. Ukubetha kwomoya okuqhelekileyo kwakungekho mpembelelo. Kwiimeko zehlathi ezininzi ukufumana izinto zokutshatyalaliswa kunzima kakhulu. Emva koko i-US iphuhlisa i-Operation Thunder Rumble. Ingundoqo yayo ibhaptiza ibhokhwe yemimandla emikhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla omhlaba. Inani labasebenzi eliswe kubantu abayi-180 000. Kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaMelika kuye kwanda kwisiqingatha sezigidi.

Ukuphefumula ibhomu kukukhokelela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kweentlanga. Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba imfundiso yebhomu, eyamkelwa yiBritani ngo-1920, yamkelwa yi-United States. Eyona nto yayisetyenziswa kwiDresden ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Injongo yalo kukuphazamisa bonke abantu. Ngelo xesha, ukubulawa kwabantu basekuhlaleni kuthathwa njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sonke.

Ukuqala kweNyakatho yeVietnam

Ndifuna nje ukugxotha inkolelo yokuba iV Vietcong iholele imfazwe yokuzikhusela, kwaye amaMelika - ahlasele. Enyanisweni, oku akunjalo. Zonke iinjongo eziphambili zaqaliswa ngokuqala ngamashishini athatha inxaxheba kwintsimi yaseMzantsi Vietnam. Umgqugqisi owenene wayeyiVietnam.

Ngomhla we "Theta", ngoJanuwari 30, iNyakatho yaqalisa ukugxeka okukhulu ngo-1968. Oku kwakungalindelekanga, kuba phantsi kwesivumelwano le ntsuku akukho mkhosi wamkhosi omele ulwe. Ukulahleka kwe-United States eVietnam kule mihla kuye kwanda kakhulu.

Zonke izihlaselo zatshatyalaliswa ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa isixeko saseHue salahlekelwa ngabantu baseMerika. Ngo-Matshi kuphela ekugqibeleni ama-offensive agxotha. Emva koko, abaseMzantsi kunye namaMelika baya kwi-counter-offensive ukuze babuyele kuHue. Imfazwe ebomvu kwiimbali zemfazwe yonke.

Esi sixeko sasibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenye yezona ziko ezintathu ezinkulu zaseMzantsi Vietnam kunye noSaigon kunye neDanang. Ngoku kudlula umgwaqo omkhulu, ukudibanisa imimandla esemantla kunye nenkunzi. Umkhosi wasentla ngasentshonalanga yeHue wawunqunywe ummandla. Ngeli xestile leXIX, lo mzi wawuyinkunzi yelizwe elinye. Ngoko ke, yayinentsingiselo yokufuzisela.

Ukulahlekelwa kwamaMerika ekulweni kuHue kubangele abantu ababalelwa ku-200. Amanye amazwe - malunga nama-400. Nangona kunjalo, ilahleko zaseV Vietcong zazibi kakhulu-malunga nabantu abayi-5 000. Kukholelwa ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kunqanda ngokupheleleyo umkhosi wabo wempi.

I-Battle of Hue - inkazimulo yempi yase-United States

Ukunqoba kweHue kuthathwa njengenye yeemfazwe ezikhunjulwayo kwimbali yase-US, kunye neemfazwe kwiGuadalcanal (eSolomon Islands), iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, phantsi kweChosin (Korea). Inkokeli yemikhosi iye yafumana amava amaninzi ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yempi kwisixeko. Ngaphambili, ama-marine awazange awaholele kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu. Kukholelwa ukuba amaMerika apha aphuhlise amaqhinga okulwa kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ezazisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ekuhlaselweni kwe Fallujah ngo-2004 (i-Iraq). Kwiimfazwe zeHue, amabutho amabutho ama-Marine Corps kunye namaqhawe ayi-11 amabutho aseMzantsi Vietnam athatha inxaxheba.

Ukulahleka kwe-US eVietnam: ukuhamba

Uncedo lwe-USSR nelaseChina lwaluxabiseke kakhulu eNyakatho yeVietnam. Kuphela kwiManyano yeRiphabhulikhi yaseDemokhrasi yaseVietnam yafumana iiruble ezingama-340 zezigidi, eziya kula maxesha - imali eninzi kakhulu. Abaqeqeshi baseSoviet bawanceda ukuqonda ubugcisa obuyinkimbinkimbi. Iimbambano kunye nezixhobo zanikezelwa, kuquka nezixhobo zokukhusela zomoya. Ilahleko zobuchwepheshe be-United States eVietnam (inqwelo, ukungabali ezinye izixhobo) zingaphezu kwama-4,000 iiyunithi. Amazwe aseMerika athi ingxelo yayiyi-0.5 nge-1000. Kwiimeko zemfazwe lo mfanekiso awukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa uwela umda weNyakatho yeVietnam, ilahleko zanda ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubo yokukhusela emoyeni yaseSoviet enekhuselo elithembekileyo lilinde isibhakabhaka. Musa ukulibala malunga nokulahlekelwa kweenqwelo-moya eMzantsi Vietnam. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, i-aircraft yabo yabe isahlulo sesine emhlabeni emva kwe-United States, i-USSR ne-China. Kwaye apha ilahleko zikhulu-malunga neenqwelo ezili-10 zeenqwelo.

Ukulahleka kwe-US eVietnam: ii-helicopter

Ngokuphathelele iinqwelo-moya, apha amaMerika alahlekelwa ngaphezu kweeyunithi eziyi-5 000. Leyo iimoto ezintathu ngosuku.

I-helicopter iyona nto iphambili iteknoloji yamanzi ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam. Kwiimeko ezingenakunqandwa kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, kukuphela kwendlela yokuthutha enokuthi ifake i-infantry ngomlilo. Nangona kunjalo, i-helicopter yinto elula ejoliswe ngokuthelekiswa neenqwelo. Akudingeki ukuba ube nokukhusela emoyeni ukuwudubula. Ukususela ngo-1972, ii-MANPADS zaseSoviet ezithi "Strela" zavela enkonzweni kunye neVietnam. Naliphi na umlimi onokuziqonda. Kwakukho ngo-1972 ukuba i-United States yaqonda ukuba ayinakuyinqoba le mpi.

"Ukubhoxiswa kweKrisimesi" kunye nokuphela kwemfazwe

Ngomnyaka we-1972, uMntla waqala ukuzama enye inzame enkulu, esebenzisa i-tank force. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lwama-aircraft ase-US, abaseMzantsi Afrika baphoxisa le hlaselo.

Emva koko, iUnited States yenza ibhotile enkulu kakhulu kwiidolophu ezinkulu zaseNyakatho: iHanoi neHaiphong. Lo msebenzi wawubizwa ngokuba yi "Krismesi ibhomu." Intshona yeVietnam kwafuneka ihlale etafileni yokuthintana, emva koko amaMelika awayeka ngokukhawuleza amagosa abo. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-United States eVietnam ngaphezu kweminyaka kunzima ukubala. Le imfazwe yirekhodi lenani lamajoni aseMerika abulawe. Ukuxhalaba emkhosini kwanda, yonke imizi yayiyikrokra ngokudlula umkhosi, owasasaza amaflegi. Oku kuthetha ukufa kwesihlobo esiseduze kwimfazwe. Ukulahleka kwe-US eVietnam (iifoto zabakhophi beempi zinikezelwa kwinqaku) ziguquke phakathi kwabantu abangama-40-60. Oku akubalanga abantu basePuerto zaseRichard abaqeshwe emkhosini ukuze bafumane ubemi, kunye nabalimala kunye nabasetyhini. Abazange bangene kulo mzekeliso, kodwa kuluntu abaye balahlekelwa.

Umbhokisi owaziwayo u- Muhammad Ali ngoko waba ngumSilamsi waza wathatha igama elitsha, njengoko linikezela ukugcinwa kwidrafti. Abaninzi basuka kweli lizwe. Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi bafa kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam, kuquka nabasetyhini nabantwana.