"Ulwandle Lion" - umsebenzi ukuba zifake lwamaNazi Germany England

Battle of Britain ne "Operation Sea Lion" libhekisela ukuzama ayiphumelelanga ukufaka Hitler Albion ngo-1940. Yahlulekile ngoncedo Russia, njengoko umyalelo ukurhoxisa onke amalungiselelo kwendiza kunxweme Great Britain wanikwa i uMlawuli ngoJanuwari 9, 1941, xa bamiswa amaJamani e Moscow, nayo yonke imikhosi yaseJamani baqalisa kuthunyelwa imfazwe kwilizwe lethu. Kodwa ukuba i "Lion Sea" - umsebenzi ukufaka eNgilani, Idabi yaseBritani (a kota ezize ukufakwa Churchill) ibandakanya kuphela Air Force lupwa lizame ukuquka ukuphakama German esibhakabhakeni phezu lizwe.

Le touch sokugqibela kukwenziwa amakhoboka Europe

Emva kwemfazwe, amanye amagosa aseJamani zomkhosi aphezulu zathi uHitler zange ndicinge nzulu malunga nokuhlaselwa UK. Kungenzeka, emva kokoyiswa yomkhosi isiFrentshi, uqinisekile ukuba ilizwe Channel Itonela sele epokothweni yakhe. Yaye uya kusinda isiphelo of England, France, awanyakazela ngayo iinyanga uMlawuli ezisibhozo wayonwabile "imfazwe playful" de ngoMeyi 9, 1940, ukuba imfazwe ne-Russia. "Ulwandle Lion" - ukusebenza, wazalwa ukugaleleka ukuhlasela waseJamani - samkelwa July 16, 1940. Isicwangciso Seeliwe kwaba - ekuqaleni 25 izigaba ukuwela IsiNgesi Channel kuwela kunxweme IsiNgesi phakathi Dover ne Portsmouth.

Channel - lungakhuseleki of England

Kodwa abaninzi bayaqonda ukuba kwendiza - ishishini oluyingozi, kwaye "Sea Lion" - utyando entsha ngakumbi, kuba eNgilani waba ubenesinqanawa kakuhle kakhulu kwaye iinkulungwane amava amadabi aselwandle. British Air Force ziye ibingenamongo kakhulu. Okt ferry kokwehla kwakunzima gqitha. Ngoko ke, omnye amacandelo omkhosi waseJamani, ezizezi Army, ka "Operation Sea Lion" ngaphandle. Kuye kwagqitywa ukutshabalalisa kuqala okanye gqiba RAF kunye ukucima i IsiNgesi Channel. Umhla wokuqalisa ukusebenza lonke ixesha kwiCEMIS. Kakade ke, iBritani wayenomdla gqitha kuhlaselwa Hitler phezu eSoviet Union kwaye ngandlela zonke ukuba wonyuselwa.

amalungiselelo kakhulu

"Lion Sea", umsebenzi kukuhlaselwa German kwi Albion, yonke nkqubo zisahlaziywa, kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso baye, umhla ekuqaleni transfer. Kwagqitywa ukuba akukho 25, neembambaniso-40 baya kuthatha inxaxheba ekudibaneni IsiNgesi Channel, elunxwemeni omdala apho, kwizixeko yonxweme ahlala - Cherbourg kunye Rotterdam, Calais kunye Ostend, yande kukuninzi izibonelelo yokuwela - 1722 amaphenyane kunye 471 bemlandela. Ukongeza, amaJamani kulindeleke ukuba basebenzise iphenyane beeyunithi 1161 no-155 izithuthi emanzini ukubana tons 3000-5000. Ugxininiso yabekwa kwi German Air Force (Luftwaffe), inkxaso ukuba waba 13 guns yonxweme.

Battle of Britain

7-8 Agasti waqalisa aseMelika eNgilani, igama ikhowudi - "Eagle kuhlasela» (Adlerangriffe). Ngosuku lokuqala, Ngokuba ikhowudi igama "Eagle Day» (Adlertag), ingqalelo umhla wokuqala esemthethweni Idabi eBritani (nangona eminye imithombo ezidweliswe ngoSeptemba 13, umhla ezisemthethweni ekuqaleni yokusebenza "Yokhozi", eyayiyinxalenye emhlabeni emanzini "Ulwandle Lion"). Operation umhla wokuqalisa apho singavunywanga (ebikhona, njengokuba sisazi, nathi, akazange athabathe indawo), wayedla ngokuba "ayiphumelelanga jump ingonyama yolwandle." February 13, 1942, Admiral Raeder yaba ngexesha lokugqibela ebendinalo intetho kunye Fuehrer ngalo msebenzi, emva kwayo ekugqibeleni isuswe kwi-ajenda.

Zaguquka ngokwenene emfazweni

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ekwindla ka-1940 ukuya ukusebenza ukuwubona lo eNgilani lahlehliselwa emthonjeni ka 1941. Yonke into ebhalwe ngoku yinguquko kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kuphela ukuba bayeke imikhosi kaHitler kufuphi eMoscow kunye kokoyiswa Stalingrad wamsindisa eBritani kubukhoboka. Wawasindisa Sea kunye nomkhosi IsiRashiya ukuya kwimpumelelo esemthe- zembali apho British boyiswa emva kokoyiswa, kwaye entlango, kwaye ukusuka kunxweme zabo. ukuze Hitler kuphela ukuyeka lohlaselo zesiJamani kwi Dunkirk aze avunyelwe ukuba ukuthutha amajoni 330 lamawaka umkhosi namahlakani ngaphesheya Channel.

air ubo

"Operation Sea Lion" yabanjwa ehlotyeni ka 1940. Eneneni, hayi indiza lokufakwa yesizwe siqithi, yaye kuqhuma eNgilani, obesoloko ukucima indlela amajoni emhlabeni. Kodwa ukusebenza ngoJulayi 16, 1940 samkelwa, uxwebhu, yaye okunene ngokupheleleyo ngoJanuwari 9, 1941-th. Operation "Eagle", njengenxalenye "kuLwandle Lion", wayeka ngoSeptemba, yaye amaJamani kwanyanzeleka ukuba uvume ukuba ukongamela emoyeni baza kufika ukugcina Luftwaffe, kuyimfuneko ukuba uyeke iziqhushumbisi of London kunye hlaselo elinye ngokungenammiselo. Kwaye ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, le ngcamango akazange abuye.

Ukuqala ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo imizi yaseYurophu abulawe emoyeni

Yaphela kanjalo i "Operation kuLwandle Lion". Uphazamise ayehlasela eNgilani nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi kuthathwa njengengeniso elo lizwe kuphela. Nangona UK nangaphandle wathwala kusehla umoya nxamnye eJamani, uHitler baqulunqa izicwangciso ukuba kuhlaselwa iRussia, eNgilani, "Kungekudala kusetyenziswa umculo ukudlala." aseMelika elibi of London kwakhokelwa impazamo yokukhangela labaqhubi German, nto leyo ikhokelele akukho iziqhushumbisi wona kwi mveliso emkhosini, ibekwe dolophu kwikomkhulu yaseBritani, yaye sesazulwini sayo. I-British wenza ayihlasela ezine ukuziphindiselela ku Berlin. Kwaye nangona ukutshatyalaliswa kunye ngxwelerha baba ezingephi, kwaye Berliners ukuba zokoyikisa, kodwa wothuka, uHitler Ndacaphuka kwaye wayalela iziqhushumbisi enkulu kuba likomkhulu eNgilani, elaqala ngo-7 Septemba. Ngosuku olufanayo eNgilani uphawu bayiphosa ilothe "Cromwell", isilumkiso malunga ekuqaleni ngokuhlaselwa imikhosi yaseJamani. On Septemba 7 ukuhlasela abo kakhulu kwaye ibangele intshabalalo mkhulu, 9 Septemba - 15 kangako - nokuba ngaphantsi. 17 Septemba kwi kumazibuko namazibuko eJamani, ukudilizwa kwezixhobo elungiselelwe lohlaselo. AmaJamani ayiphumelelanga ukuphumeza ukugqwesa zezulu, kwaye kuvule indlela yokuba "eLwandle Lion". Kodwa ke ayikwazi ukuba zingathathwa ngokuba loyiso phezu amajoni aseJamani kunye nqanaba emfazweni. Ngakumbi kuba amaJamani zange ayeke bombing ngakumbi, yaye isixeko Coventry yadilizwa emhlabeni kwiminyaka 1940-1942.