Umbono woorhulumente wengingqi

Ingqiqo kunye nentsholongwane karhulumente wengingqi inikezela ukunikezelwa kwamandla athile, ukuzimela okuthile kwamagumbi asekuhlaleni. Icandelo ngokwalo liqalise ukwakha eRussia ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Inkcazo yendawo yokuhlala (oomaspala) u-rhu lumente ubanjwe kuqala kwi-Union kunye nomthetho waseRussia. Nangona kunjalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusekwa kwale yesebe yamandla kwaqala ngandlela-thile eRashiya nangaphambi kokuguqulwa.

Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo, uAlexandria II wathintela ukuguqulwa koomasipala kunye ne- zemstvo ukulungelelanisa nokuqinisekisa ukuphuhliswa kwemigaqo yomgaqo-mhlaba kwelizwe, ukufaka ingcamango ibe ngumthetho.

Ulawulo lwasekhaya lwaseburhulumenteni emva kowe-1917 lwalusekelwe kumgaqo wobumbano kwiSoviet system njengengxube yeziphathimandla karhulumente. Kuba le nkqubo ibonakaliswe ngokuthotyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezantsi ezisezantsi. Ingqiqo yolawulo lolawulo lwengingqi lugqitywa njengendlela yokugudla amandla emhlabathini. Le ndlela yayingavumelekanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-Soviet State, eyayinobumba obukhulu. Kuphela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 urhulumente waqaphela isidingo sokusebenzisa ingcamango yorhulumente wengingqi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuguqulwa kwamandla omhlaba kwaqala.

Ngokomthetho owamkelwa ngo-Ephreli 9, 1990, imigaqo-jikelele ichaza umgaqo-nkqubo wengingqi kunye noqoqosho lwe-USSR. Ngaloo ndlela, izikhokelo eziphambili zophuhliso lwesebe lamandla, iziseko zentlangano kunye nomsebenzi, zenziwe.

Ngomnyaka we-1991, uMthetho wanyuswa, ngokubhekiselele kuyo inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamagunya omhlaba, ukwakha yonke inkqubo yegunya lendawo kweli lizwe, laqalwa.

Isakhiwo saphuhliswa ngakumbi kwimimiselo yoMgaqo-siseko welizwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ingqiqo yolawulo lolawulo lwengingqi lugunyaziswe ngokusemthethweni . Inkqubo ithole imeko esemthethweni kunye neziqinisekiso zomthetho.

Ngokuhambelana neCandelo lama-130 lomGaqo-siseko, ngokubaluleka kolawulo lwengingqi, uluntu lucombulula imiba ebaluleke kakhulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukulahlwa, ubunini bomhlaba kamasipala.

Le yesebe isebenza kwimizila yasemaphandleni, kwiidolophini, kwezinye iindawo (kwizithili, kwizithili zasemaphandleni). Zonke ezi ndawo zibizwa ngokuba ngamaziko kamasipala.

Namhlanje, urhulumente wengingqi yinqanaba elikhethekileyo lokuphunyezwa kwamandla kweli lizwe.

Ngokutsho kweSiqendu 3 somGaqo-siseko, abemi bavakalisa igunya labo ngamagunya karhulumente, amaqumrhu kamasipala. Ukongezelela, abantu banokuqonda ukuba baya kukwenza ngokuchanekileyo ngonyulo, ii-referendum kunye nezinye iindlela zokubonisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuthanda. Amandla karhulumente kunye nomasipala, ngoko ke, iifom zentando yeninzi kweli lizwe.

Uzimeleyo karhulumente, obonakaliswe njengendlela yentando yesininzi, ifakwe kwi-Federal Law, ebonisa imigaqo-jikelele yokubunjwa kwamandla kamasipala. Ngokuhambelana nomthetho, eli sebe lekarhulumente liqinisekisiwe kwaye liyaqatshelwa yimisebenzi emelekileyo yoluntu ukujongana nemibandela yobaluleka kamasipala. Nangona kunjalo, itekisi yomthetho iqulethe inkcazo yembopheleleko yabantu ngenxa yezigqibo zabo. Uthando lwabemi lunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngamacandelo omhlaba (urhulumente) urhulumente. Isisombululo semibandela yokubaluleka koomasipala senziwa ngokuhambelana neminqweno yabantu, iimbali kunye nezinye izithethe.

Le nkcazo idibanisa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezibonisa amandla omasipala kunye nesimo sayo kwinkqubo yonke yedemokhrasi yelizwe.